Bob Baldwin (musician) explained

Bob Baldwin
Landscape:yes
Birth Name:Robert Baldwin
Birth Date:9 December 1960
Birth Place:Mount Vernon, New York, U.S.
Genre:Jazz, urban
Occupation:Musician, Arranger, Producer, Radio Host, Inventor
Instrument:Piano, Keyboards
Years Active:1989–present
Label:Atlantic, 215, Shanachie, Malaco, CSI, Narada, Nu Groove, Peak, Trippin' N' Rhythm, Orpheus, A440, Distribution 13, BFE, City Sketches Records

Bob (Robert) Baldwin (born December 9, 1960) is an American, New York–born contemporary jazz pianist, music composer, music producer, author, inventor, radio host, and creator of the NewUrbanJazz Lounge and City Sketches Inc. His views on owning his own recorded masters have been referred to as ‘the Ray Charles of contemporary jazz and soul music’ by his peers. As of January 1, 2023, he owns all but 7 of his 33+ studio projects.

His album "The Stay At Home Series, Vol. 1" was selected in 2022 as the best contemporary jazz album by the inaugural Jazz Music Awards program. From 2018-present, he has charted on 8 Billboard Smooth Jazz Top-10 hit records as either producer/arranger or composer for Flutist Ragan Whiteside (Randis Records). He's also on the 'notable' people' list for the city of Mt. Vernon, NY, along with Denzel Washington, Rudy Hackett, The McCray Brothers, Floyd Patterson, Nina Simone, Art Carney, Al B. Sure!, Dick Clark, among others.

Baldwin learned music from his late father (Robert Baldwin, Sr.) when he was six and began his recording career in 1983. His debut album, A Long Way to Go, was released in 1988, with his latest (and 33rd) release entitled The Stay-At-Home Series. All but seven discs in his solo recording catalog are owned by his label, City Sketches, Inc. Baldwin cites his father as his first, and biggest, musical influence and mentions that he was found to have perfect pitch around the age of six, something discovered by his father.

He has released more musical full-album recordings as a lead solo artist than any other Mt. Vernon, NY-native or Westchester-born musician, numbering over 33 recordings since 1988.

Baldwin has earned five SESAC Music Awards[1] for his 2002–2003 airplay of "The Way She Looked at Me", his 2008 airplay on NewUrbanJazz.com, his 2010 album, Never Can Say Goodbye: A Tribute to Michael Jackson, in 2011 for NewUrbanJazz.com2/Re-Vibe, and his 2013 album Twenty. His 2015 release, MelloWonder: Songs in the Key of Stevie, which honors Stevie Wonder, debuted at No. 16 on the Billboard Overall Jazz Chart.[2]

He has also written and/or arranged for Regina Carter, The Four Tops, Grover Washington, Jr., Paul Brown, Richard Elliot, Marion Meadows, Ragan Whiteside, Tom Browne, Bob James, Will Downing, Freddie Jackson, Rhonda Smith, Dee Brown, James "Crab" Robinson, Paul Brown, Joey Sommerville, Vaneese Thomas, Tiffany Bynoe, Howard Hewitt, Whistle, Michael Urbaniak, the Lisa ("Left-Eye") Lopez'-produced girl group Blacque, Steve Oliver, Mel Holder, Dee Brown, Dee Lucas, Canadian trumpeter Gabriel Mark Hasselbach and Pieces of a Dream.

In 1982, Baldwin was introduced to the digital recording process called MIDI, which he used on a PC desktop. It was given to him from longtime friend and engineer Wayne Warnecke The software program was created by Roger Powell called Texture, which Warnecke obtained from pianist Bob James in a studio in White Plains at Minot Sound Studios. He began to write, produce, and arrange music through MIDI, which was also the basis for how he first built his recording catalogue. He was also able to observe James use the process in the studio.

In 1986, Baldwin performed briefly in Tom Browne's band, and in 1987, Browne asked Baldwin to participate on "No Longer I" for Browne on the short-lived Malaco Records Jazz Label. This gospel-jazz genre of music was only preceded by the group's Koinonia and the A&M group Seawind in the history of gospel-jazz, and Baldwin performed on, co-produced and co-arranged the disc for Browne.

In 2000, he co-wrote and co-produced two songs on Will Downing's All the Man You Need album, which was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2000 (Best Traditional R&B Album). He has also contributed as composer, co-producer and performer on Ragan Whiteside's Treblemaker, which charted over seven top-40 Billboard Contemporary Jazz radio singles.

Featured artists on his own solo recordings since 1988 include; Eric Essix, Kim Waters, Gerald Albright, Phil Perry, Fred Vigdor, Atlantic Starr original members Sharon Bryant and Porter Carroll, Jr., Noel Pointer, Lenny White, Larry Coryell, Dean James, Jeff Kashiwa, Chieli Minucci, Chuck Loeb, Edson Da Silva, Leo Gandelman, Lil' John Roberts (drummer), James Robinson, Rohn Lawrence, Darren Rahn, Russ Freeman (Rippingtons), Dennis Johnson, Barry Danielian, Poogie Bell, Euge Groove, CeCe Peniston, Najee, U-Nam, Steve Oliver, Toni Redd, Nils Jiptner, Marcus Anderson, Walter Beasley, Onaje Allan Gumbs, Fred Vigdor (AWB), Vivian Green, Brooke Alford, Torquato Mariano, Azymuth members Ivan Conte and Alex Malheiros, and Armando Marcel, as well as the aforementioned Sommerville, Robinson, Washington, Jr., Brown, Meadows, Whiteside, Downing, Browne, Thomas, and Jackson.

Bob has shared the stage with: Kirk Whalum, Dave Koz, Eric Marienthal, Gerald Veasley, Phil Perry, Ken Ford, Regina Carter, Alyson Williams, Buddy Williams, Marion Meadows, Chuck Loeb, Gerald Albright, Lalah Hathaway, Edson Silva, Maysa Leak, Nick Colionne, Warren Hill, Jonathan Butler, Rick Braun, Peter White, Paul Brown, Eric Darius and Adam Hawley, to name a few.

Baldwin grew up in a musical environment. His father, Robert Baldwin, Sr., (1926-2008) was a full-time Engineer, and a part-time pianist who worked local clubs throughout Westchester County, NY, just north of New York City. While his father was a fan of jazz icons like Miles Davis, Bud Powell and Oscar Peterson, his older sister, Deborah, was a fan of soul music of the 1960s, including music by Motown, Stax record labels. These early musical experiences profoundly impacted Baldwin's musical path. He is also a fan of his elder cousin, jazz pianist Larry Willis, who played with Blood, Sweat and Tears, Jerry Gonzalez and the Fort Apache Band.

In 1987, Sony founded the Sony Innovator's Awards, an annual ceremony to award aspiring Afro-American artists who have shown outstanding talent in music and the visual arts. In his opening speech at the first ceremony held in 1988, music producer Quincy Jones stated that it was encouraging that a large firm like Sony was providing Afro-American artists a chance to be introduced to the entire nation. Baldwin was awarded the Sony Innovators Award in 1989,[3] selected by Roberta Flack.[4]

At age 20, in 1980, he met his first cousin, Pianist Larry Willis, who played in the original version of the pop group Blood, Sweat and Tears. They reunited at the funeral of Baldwin's grandfather, Percy Willis in Norfolk, Va. They played at the elder Willis funeral, and a musical bond was created. Baldwin and Willis later played at the Savannah Jazz Festival in 2008, both opening for headliner pianist Bob James. They maintained a musical and family bond since 1990.

Out of necessity to maintain creative control, he independently learned how to record music from engineers Wayne Warnecke in White Plains and Mamaroneck, NY, and Keyboardist/Engineer Dennis Johnson in Yonkers, NY. In 1990, Baldwin worked briefly with producer/arranger/keyboardist Kashif, where he learned about the ‘wall of sound’ vocal panning technique. In 1989 -1990, he was hired by Kashif to play keyboards and piano on a recording project by a new group called The Promise (Arista Records) featuring vocalist Joi Cardwell, but the project was never released.

Education

Bob Baldwin attended Geneva College in 1978 and graduated in 1986.[5] To complete his degree, he attended several New York–based colleges, including Hunter, Concordia and Iona, transferring credits back to Geneva between 1980 and 1986. He majored in Business Administration, minoring in Broadcast Communication.

At Geneva College, he discovered broadcasting radio and hosted his first radio program at college radio station WGEV from 1979 to 1980. After falling short on college funding at Geneva, he returned to New York in 1981, where he completed his college degree.

Radio career

Baldwin learned radio production while at Geneva College, and was a jazz jock on Sunday nights. After returning to New York in 1981, he did local gigs in the Bronx, Manhattan, and Westchester County.

In September 1981, Baldwin secured a radio internship at Inner City Broadcasting (WLIB/WBLS) in New York City, then owned by Tuskegee Airman Percy Sutton, where he studied news reporting under the tutelage of then–news director Pat Prescott, the late Carl Ferguson,[6] news director David Lampel, Larry Hardesty, and Mark Reilly.

In 1981–1983, he worked briefly at WINS, then owned by Westinghouse Broadcasting, where he pulled news wire for the staff writers.

In 1984, he was a field news reporter in Westchester County for WVIP Radio, then located in Mount Kisco, New York (now located in New Rochelle, New York). He covered the Jesse Jackson presidential campaign that same year when Jackson came to Shiloh Baptist Church in New Rochelle.

Baldwin reunited with Prescott when she worked for CD101.9 in New York. Prescott introduced Baldwin's music there in the late 1980s. Between 1998 and 2004, he wrote, sang and produced the CD101.9 jingle, up to when they changed their smooth jazz format to "New York Chill" in 2004.

In 2004, he was hired by Dr. Glenn Cherry, owner of Tama Broadcasting[7] as the music director at WJSJ in Jacksonville, Florida. In 2005, he helped to launch the first smooth jazz station in Bermuda (KJAZ - Trott Communications).

Baldwin worked as the music director in 2007 at WCLK (Clark University). Later that fall through 2009, was hired at WJZZ, a Radio-One company. Radio-One's WJZZ became Urban AC “Magic 107.5” January 28, 2009 at 12:00am.[8] Prior to changing formats at WJZZ, he began to develop the radio format of NewUrbanJazz. He later founded the NewUrbanJazz Lounge, a weekly syndicated program supported by over fifty terrestrial stations in the US. He co-created the NewUrbanJazz Lounge cellphone app for Apple and Google, which also houses some archived radio shows. His first show launched on October 1, 2008.

The NewUrbanJazz radio program

In October 2008, Baldwin launched NewUrbanJazz Radio, which programs the NewUrbanJazz Lounge, a 2-hour program that is affiliated throughout the US. Their initial affiliate base was WJAB (Huntsville, Alabama), WFSK (Nashville, Tennessee), WNAA (Greensboro, North Carolina), WVAS (Montgomery, Alabama) and WVSU (Birmingham), Alabama. NewUrbanJazz is a fusion of contemporary Jazz, fused with urban and Brazilian flavors, and also spins music from independent artists.

Baldwin launched the NewUrbanJazz radio format due to the sudden closure of CD101.9.,[9] and his show has expanded to stations in Springfield (WEIB), Atlanta (WCLK), and the U.S. Virgin Islands (WTJX), as well as some stations under the African-American Public Radio Consortium umbrella.

Podcast content

In March, 2023, Bob Baldwin began the Jazz and Music Roundtable, which showcases music from all genres.

In April, 2023, Bob Baldwin and Porter Carroll II began the Artists Who Love The Knicks, a platform that discusses the New York Knicks.

Career spotlights

Between March and September 1986, Baldwin, along with New York–based guitarist Al Orlo, created the Bob Baldwin/Al Orlo Project, and they performed on Sundays at a small rock and roll club located in New Rochelle, New York, called the Crazy Horse,[10] which was owned by now-actor Vinnie Pastore. The Baldwin/Orlo Project was a workshop-based project to practice and perform original material live written by Orlo and Baldwin.

In 1986, Baldwin and Orlo opened up for trumpeter Tom Browne at The Bottom Line, based in New York City. From that performance, Browne hired Baldwin to play in his band, and later collaborated with him on his disc No Longer I, a Gospel-Jazz recording in 1987. From that production, he met Danny Weiss, the then-President for Malaco Jazz. In 1988, they later co-produced Baldwin's first disc, I've Got a Long Way to Go together on Malaco Records in 1988 along with David Wilkes. The project was submitted to the Sony Innovators Award in 1989 and won first place. One of the top three finalists included the Detroit music group Straight Ahead.[11] Roberta Flack was the finalist judge. Over the years, Baldwin collaborated with Danny Weiss and the Shanachie label in 1997 (Cool Breeze), 2001 (Bob Baldwin Presents the American Spirit), and in 2023, his keyboard project We 3 Keys alongside fellow keyboardists Gail Jhonson and Phil Davis was produced. Baldwin continues to maintain a long working relationship with Weiss spanning across five decades.

With the help of Weiss and Wilkes along with producer Larry Maxwell, along with the success of I've Got a Long Way to Go, Baldwin secured his first artist solo deal with Atlantic Jazz, then presided by Sylvia Rhone. He produced 2 discs for in 1990 and 1992 (Rejoice and Reflections of Love). Reflections charted top-20 on the Billboard Contemporary Jazz Charts.[12]

In 1997, Baldwin found the company, City Sketches, Inc., a production music house. It is now where Baldwin houses all of his self-owned recordings. In 1997, inspired by the trailblazing efforts of pop artist Todd Rungren, who was the first artist to sell his music on the internet, Baldwin released his first independent project, Welcome to the Games (a Tribute to the 1996 Summer Olympics held in Atlanta, GA), where he was one of the first artists to sell music independently on a secured server later that year. In 2000, as a free marketing tool with radio stations, he used his self-titled webpage as an actual album title with the album BobBaldwin.com. He was the 2nd jazz artist to use his website address as an album title (Fattburger.com was the first).

Since 2000, Baldwin has charted other solo recordings (on various labels) for the Billboard Jazz top-20 charts, including BobBaldwin.com (2000), Brazil Chill (2004), Standing Tall (2002), NewUrbanJazz.com (2008), Never Can Say Goodbye, a Tribute to Michael Jackson (2010).[13]

After recording two projects with the Chicago-based A440 Music Group, his solely-owned record label, City Sketches, Inc., purchased the rights from the A440 Music Group (Brazil Chill and All in a Day's Work), prior to their bankruptcy filing in 2005.[14]

In 2009, he signed with Trippin' n Rhythm Records and recorded Never Can Say Goodbye (2010), and NewUrbanJazz 2/Re-Vibe (2011). He severed the deal in 2012 due to unresolved contractual issues, and later that year, authored a book, entitled, You Better Ask Somebody, which speaks about his over twenty-five years of experience in the music business.

In 2013, continuing the independent music ownership route, releasing his 20th original disc "Twenty" under the Distribution 13 (Lillian Industries) Music Distribution label. That deal was severed and settled out-of-court after Artist filed a lawsuit for not receiving contractually due royalties.

In 2015, his label has signed with Red River Entertainment, where they distribute the following physical discs of the Baldwin catalog ("MelloWonder - Songs in the Key of Stevie", "The Brazilian-American Soundtrack", "The Gift of Christmas", "Never Can Say Goodbye (A Tribute to Michael Jackson)" - Remixed and ReMastered. City Sketches, Inc. distributes digital recordings via a separate digital aggregator.[15] with The Orchard, which is wholly owned by Sony Music Entertainment, Inc.

In 2018, Baldwin was able to purchase the rights back from his Shanachie recordings "Cool Breeze", and "The American Spirit", which were originally released in 1997 and 2002, respectively.

Other work

In 1997, Baldwin founded City Sketches, Inc., which is a music production, and music event planning company. He has worked with city municipalities in an effort to improve locally produced jazz shows and venues. He has curated music series programs in conjunction with the cities/municipalities of Greenburgh, NY, White Plains, NY, Asbury Park, NJ, Riviera Beach, Fl., and Mount Vernon, NY.

In 2006, Baldwin signed on with Baldwin Piano (owned by Gibson Guitar Corp.) as an endorser.[16]

In the Jazz of the City Atlanta portrait taken by Art Kane in April 2007, Baldwin appears at the height of the stairs of the Atlanta City Hall Atrium—with over 100 fellow jazz musicians surrounding Mayor Shirley Franklin. On April 11, 2024, Baldwin participated in the 50th Anniversary celebration with WCLK. Clark Atlanta University public radio station Jazz 91.9 WCLK celebrated its 50th Anniversary with a historic "Great Day in Atlanta" photograph. The 2024 image featured CAU's 5th President George T. French, Jr., Ph.D., Atlanta Mayor Andre Dickens, former Atlanta Mayors Bill Campbell and Shirley Franklin, and former First Lady of Atlanta Valerie Jackson (representing the late Maynard Jackson).

Relationships

Baldwin reports that he has been engaged since January, 2023 to his long time love, who is of Ethiopian descent.

Discography (albums)

Disc # Year Album Label Billboard / MRC Data Chart Activity Original Label
372024Songs My Father Would DigCSIRelease date: June 28, 2024City Sketches (CSI) Records
362024It's Okay to DreamCSIRelease date: June 28, 2024City Sketches (CSI) Records
352023We 3 Keys (Album by the 3 Keys) With Bob Baldwin, Gail Jhonson, Phil DavisShanachieShanachie
342022B PositiveCSICity Sketches (CSI) Records
332022The Stay At Home Series, Vol. 1 (Live)CSIJMA's Best Contemporary Jazz AlbumCity Sketches (CSI) Records
322021NewUrbanJazz 3 / An UrbanSmooth SuiteCSIDebuted #4 on the Current Contemporary Jazz Chart (MRC Data Charts)City Sketches (CSI) Records
312020HennaCSICity Sketches (CSI) Records
30*2018Welcome To The Games (Remixed and ReMastered)CSICity Sketches (CSI) Records
292018Bob Baldwin Presents Abbey Road and the BeatlesCSI/BFEPeaked #10 Billboard Contemporary Jazz Albums Chart
City Sketches (CSI) Records
28*2017Never Out of Season (Remixed and ReMastered)CSICity Sketches (CSI) Records
27*2017Never Can Say Goodbye (Remixed and ReMastered)CSI/BFECity Sketches (CSI) Records
262016The Brazilian-American Soundtrack' (2-Cd Set)CSI/BFEPeaked No. 14 on Contemporary Jazz Albums ChartCity Sketches (CSI) Records
252015MelloWonder / Songs in the Key of StevieCSI/BFEDebuted No. 16 on Contemporary Jazz AlbumCity Sketches (CSI) Records
242013TwentyCSI/BFEPeaked No. 3 on Contemporary Jazz AlbumCity Sketches (CSI) Records
232012The Gift of ChristmasCSICity Sketches (CSI) Records
222012Betcha by Golly Wow/The Music of Thom BellPeakPeaked No. 11 on Contemporary Jazz Album
212012Never Out of SeasonCSICity Sketches (CSI) Records
202011NewUrbanJazz.com2: Re-VibeCSIPeaked No. 9 on Contemporary Jazz AlbumDistributed by Trippn' 'n Rhythm
192010Never Can Say Goodbye: A Tribute to Michael JacksonTrippn' 'n RhythmPeaked No. 14 on Contemporary Jazz AlbumDistributed by Trippn' 'n Rhythm
182009Bob Baldwin (3 disc compilation)Nu Groove
172009Lookin' BackCSIDistributed by Nu Groove
162008NewUrbanJazz.comNu GroovePeaked No. 15 on Contemporary Jazz AlbumDistributed by Nu Groove
152007Memoirs from the Hudson (DVD)Nu GrooveDistributed by Nu Groove
142007Soul Providers Featuring Bob Baldwin/Smooth Urban GroovesImportDistributed by Koch Records
132007The Sanctioned Bootleg - liveCSIDistributed by Nu Groove
122005All in A Day's WorkCSIPeaked No. 14 on Contemporary Jazz AlbumNuGroove
112004Brazil ChillCSIPeaked No. 13 on Contemporary Jazz AlbumA440 (Bankrupt)
102002Standing TallNaradaPeaked No. 12 on Contemporary Jazz AlbumNarada
092002Bob Baldwin Presents the American SpiritCSIFormerly Distributed/Owned by Shanachie
082000BobBaldwin.comCSIPeaked No. 16 on Contemporary Jazz AlbumDistributed by Orpheus Records
072000For You (UK Release)Expansion
061997Cool BreezeCSIFormerly Distributed/Owned by Shanachie
051996City Sketches I / Welcome to the GamesCSICity Sketches (CSI) Records
041993State of MindCSIAtlantic Jazz
031992Reflections of LoveAtlantic JazzPeaked No. 10 on Contemporary Jazz Album[17] Atlantic Jazz
021990RejoiceAtlantic JazzAtlantic Jazz
011989A Long Way to Go/The DreamMalaco
Denotes Remixed project, not Original. Does contain some new material.Chart info edited by City Sketches Records. Refer to Billboard Jazz Retail Chart for chart activity .

Billboard Top 30 Radio Singles (as musician, record producer or composer)

Song # Year Artist Song Billboard Chart Activity Contribution
212023Ragan Whiteside"Full Court Press"Peaked at #10 on 6.9.2023Performer / Co-Composer / Co-Producer
202021Ragan Whiteside’’Off the Cuff’’Peaked at #9 on 09.17.2021Performer / Co-Composer / Co-Producer
192018Ragan Whiteside’’JJ's Strut’’Peaked at #3 on 10.17.2019Performer / Co-Composer / Co-Producer
182018Ragan Whiteside’’Reminiscing’’Peaked at #2 on 4.04.2020Performer / Co-Producer
172019Ragan Whiteside f/ Bob Baldwin and the PR Experience’’See You at the Getdown’’Peaked at #2 on 2.22.2019Performer / Co-Composer / Co-Producer
162019Ragan Whiteside’’Jam It’’
  1. 2 Billboard Contemporary Jazz Radio
Performer / Co-Composer / Co-Producer
152018Ragan Whiteside“Corey's Bop”Peaked at #1 on 7.21.2018Co-producer / Co-writer / Keyboardist
142018Bob Baldwin f/ Marcus Anderson“Be Blessed (no Stress)”Peaked at #6 on 7.21.2018 Artist / Producer / Arranger / Co-Writer
132018Ragan Whiteside Featuring Kim Waters“Early Arrival”Peaked at #7 on 8.19.2017Co-producer / Co-writer
122017Bob Baldwin f/ Gabriel Mark Hasselbach“Mobile and Global”Peaked at #28 on 5.27.2017 Artist / Producer / Arranger / Co-Writer
112017Gabriel Mark Hasselbach f/ Bob Baldwin“Charmed Life”Peaked at #19 on 1.7.2017 Producer / Co-Writer
102016Bob Baldwin“Love's Light in Flight/Love Trippin”Peaked at #19 on 1.9.2016 Artist / Producer / Arranger
092018Ragan Whiteside f/ Bob Baldwin’’Remind Me’ f/ Patrice Rushen’
  1. 21 Billboard Contemporary Jazz Radio
Performer / Co-Producer
082014Bob Baldwin f/ Ragan Whiteside and Gabriel Mark Hasselbach“Chameleon 3000”Peaked at #8 on 7.19.2014 Artist / Producer / Arranger
072014Bob Baldwin“Seabreeze”Peaked at #5 on 3.15.2014 Artist / Producer / Arranger / Co-Writer
062013Paul Brown f/ Euge Groove“From the Ground Up”Peaked at #19 on 8.10.2013Co-Writer/Arranger
052018Ragan Whiteside f/ Chieli Minucci’’Off Kilter’’
  1. 18 Billboard Contemporary Jazz Radio
Performer / Co-Producer
042012Paul Brown f/ Bob James‘Backstage Pass”Peaked at #1 on 12.29.2012Co-Writer/Arranger
032018Bob Baldwin f/ Darren Rahn“For Grover and George”Peaked at #12 on 9.3.2011 Artist / Producer / Arranger / Co-Writer
022018Bob Baldwin“Third Wind”Peaked at #23 on 7.5.2008 Artist / Producer / Arranger
012003Bob Baldwin“The Way She Looked At Me”
  1. 9 on the R&R Year-End Chart[18]
Artist / Producer / Arranger

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Search Results for "Bob Baldwin". Sesac.com. 24 July 2012.
  2. Web site: Bob Baldwin - Chart history - Billboard. Billboard.com. 19 April 2019. 18 July 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180718150824/https://www.billboard.com/artist/292994/bob-baldwin/chart?f=901. dead.
  3. Web site: Ebony. Johnson Publishing. Company. 1 November 1989. Johnson Publishing Company. 19 April 2019. Google Books.
  4. News: Sony Innovators. 29. 24 July 2012. Ebony. November 1989. Johnson Publishing Company.
  5. Web site: Famous Geneva College Alumni . 19 April 2019 . Ranker.
  6. Web site: The Making of a Media Monster © – University Of Alton Maddox. 19 April 2019.
  7. Web site: Former Tama WJSJ to be Sold. RBR.com. 20 November 2015. 19 April 2019.
  8. Web site: 107.5 WJZZ Atlanta To Change Formats. 28 January 2009. 19 April 2019.
  9. Web site: NewUrbanJazz Lounge - Jazz Music, Radio, Events, Artists, & Musician Page. Newurbanjazz.com. 19 April 2019.
  10. Web site: Bob Kappstater . Bronx spotlight on Vincent Pastore . 19 April 2019 . Nydailynews.com. 22 January 2008 .
  11. Web site: Straight Ahead. Musicwikidetroit.org. 19 April 2019.
  12. Web site: Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Inc. 20 June 1992. Nielsen Business Media, Inc.. 35. 19 April 2019. Google Books.
  13. Bob Baldwin Chart History. Billboard. 19 April 2019. 17 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190417173616/https://www.billboard.com/music/bob-baldwin. dead.
  14. Web site: BANKRUPTCIES. Chicagotribune.com. 11 July 2005 . 19 April 2019.
  15. Web site: How to: Get your music on Spotify, iTunes, Pandora and beyond. Apraamcos.com.au. 19 April 2019.
  16. Web site: Baldwin Piano Welcomes Grammy Nominated Pianist Bob Baldwin to Family of Endorsees. Gibson Guitar Corp.. 24 July 2012. Nashville. 12 October 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20120907150831/http://www.gibson.com/absolutenm/templates/FeatureTemplatePressRelease.aspx?articleid=950&zoneid=6. 7 September 2012. dead.
  17. Web site: Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Inc. 20 June 1992. Nielsen Business Media, Inc.. 19 April 2019. Google Books.
  18. Web site: Radio & Records Smooth Jazz 2003 Year-End Chart. Popradiotop20.com. 19 April 2019.