Boaventura de Sousa Santos explained

Boaventura de Sousa Santos
Birth Date:November 15, 1940
Birth Place:Coimbra
Nationality:Portuguese
Alma Mater:University of Coimbra, Yale University
Employer:University of Coimbra
Known For:Epistemologies of the South
Spouse:Maria Irene Ramalho
Awards:Frantz Fanon Lifetime Achievement 2022
Honours:Military Order of Saint James of the Sword
Website:https://www.boaventurasantos.com/

Boaventura de Sousa Santos (born November 15, 1940, in Coimbra, Portugal) is a sociologist, Professor emeritus at the Department of Sociology of the School of Economics of the University of Coimbra (FEUC), Distinguished Legal Scholar at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Law School,[1] and Director Emeritus of the Centre for Social Studies at the University of Coimbra. An outspoken sympathizer and avowed supporter [2] [3] [4] of the Bloco de Esquerda party,[5] he is regarded as one of the most prominent Portuguese living left-wing intellectuals.[6] [7]

Early life

Boaventura de Sousa Santos was born on November 15, 1940,[8] in Coimbra, Portugal.[9] His paternal grandparents lived in a small village of São Pedro de Alva, in the municipality of Penacova, 30 km away from Coimbra, where they had a house and farmland employed on the cultivation of corn and potatoes as well as olive orchards and livestock.

His own father was born in that house. Boaventura de Sousa Santos used to spend his school holidays in his grandparents estate helping them on several agricultural tasks and playing with neighbours. An only child, he lived in the city of Coimbra [10] with his parents. His father worked as a chef in the prestigious restaurant Nicola in the downtown of Coimbra, which was frequented by members of the city's academia.[11]

Career

He earned his undergraduate degree in law from the University of Coimbra in 1963 and in 1965 a post-graduate diploma in jurisprudence in West Berlin at the Free University of Berlin. He went on to pursue a doctorate on the sociology of law at Yale University[1] from 1969 to 1973.[12] In 1973, he became one of the co-founders of the School of Economics of the University of Coimbra (FEUC), where he opened a sociology course. In 1978, he also founded the Centre for Social Studies at the University of Coimbra (Centro de Estudos Sociais).[13] [14] In the mid-1980s, he began to structurally adopt the role of a researcher whose understanding of the world extended beyond a Western perspective. He was a Global Legal Scholar at the University of Warwick and visiting professor at Birkbeck College, University of London[15] and has been involved in research in Brazil, Cabo Verde, Macau, Mozambique, South Africa, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador and India.

He has travelled widely, giving classes and lectures while also extending his range of experiences of learning in the process. He was one of the driving forces behind the World Social Forum, the spirit of which he considers essential to his studies of counter-hegemonic globalization and to promoting the struggle for global cognitive justice, an underlying concept of “Epistemologies of the South.”[16]

He has written and published widely on the issues of globalization, sociology of law and the state, epistemology, social movements and the World Social Forum in 10 languages. He has been awarded several prizes, most recently Frantz Fanon Lifetime Achievement 2022, by the Caribbean Philosophical Association; Science and Technology Prize of Mexico, 2010; the Kalven Jr. Prize of the Law and Society Association, 2011.

His most recent project - ALICE: Leading Europe to a New Way of Sharing the World Experiences - is funded by an Advanced Grant of the European Research Council (ERC), one of the most prestigious and highly competitive international financial institutes for scientific excellence in Europe. The project was initiated in July 2011 and enabled him to gather a team of young researchers from various different countries and academic backgrounds who are committed to collectively develop the lines of research that have emerged from the epistemological, theoretical-analytical and methodological premises of the work he has consolidated over many years. The main idea underlying ALICE is to create a decentered conception of the anti-imperial South, in which Africa and Asia also find their place in a broader and more liberating conversation of humankind.[17] A [18] premise of ALICE is to bring to light the notion that the “Eurocentric world has not much to teach the wider world anymore and is almost incapable of learning from the experience of such a wider world, given the colonialist arrogance that still survives.”[19]

Ideology

Boaventura de Sousa Santos has been engaged in a process of re-discovering Marxism. While acknowledging the limits of Marxism, Santos has more recently described Marxism as an “ongoing discovery.”[20] During his studies in West Berlin, he was immersed in a university community that aspired to democratic values, while living in the context of the Cold War. This also allowed him to experience the stark contrast between the communist influence in East Germany and the liberal democratic ideology in West Germany.

In 1970 Sousa Santos traveled to Brazil in order to do field research for his doctoral dissertation. His work was focused on the social organization of the construction of parallel legality in illegal communities, the favelas or squatter settlements.

In the mid-1980s, he began to structurally adopt the role of a researcher whose understanding of the world extended beyond a Western perspective. His fieldwork was based on participant observation, lasting several months, in a Rio de Janeiro slum where he experienced the struggle of the excluded populations against oppression first hand. There, he learned from the wisdom of men and women struggling for subsistence and for recognition of their dignity. Sousa Santos believes in the importance of the social scientist striving for objectivity, not neutrality.[21]

Sociology of absences

Sexual and moral harassment allegations

Initial allegations

In April 2023, he was accused of a series of cases of sexual, moral and labour harassment[22] [23] [24] [25] in a publication by three former researchers from CES. The researchers, Lieselotte Viaene, who is Belgian; Catarina Laranjeiro, who is Portuguese; and Miye Nadya Tom, who is an enrolled member of the Native American Walker River Paiute Tribe and third-generation Russian-American, did not name the "Star Professor" at the center of their publication, but it was through this publication—a chapter in an edited volume titled “Sexual Misconduct in Academia: Informing an Ethics of Care in the University”[26] —that the allegations began to be publicly associated with Boaventura de Sousa Santos.[27] In their chapter, “The walls spoke when no one else would",[28] ”[29] [30] [31] the three researchers point out three central figures: the “Star Professor”, the “Apprentice” and the “Watchwoman”. According to the female researchers’ curricula, all three worked for several years as researchers at CES in Coimbra. In the article, Boaventura de Sousa Santos is given the code name “Star Professor” and the professor and co-coordinator of a doctoral program, Bruno Sena Martins, is called the “Apprentice”.[32] Maria Paula Meneses, also a senior researcher and professor at CES, is referred to as the Watchwoman. Anonymous graffiti that appeared on the walls of CES in 2018 inspired the title of the three former researchers’ chapter.

Contacted by Diário de Notícias, Boaventura de Sousa Santos recognized himself in the description of the former students, but denied all the accusations of misconduct and claimed he is being a cancel culture victim.[33] [34] According to the academic, he never has met two of the co-authors, Catarina Laranjeiro and Miye Nadya Tom. Sousa Santos said he recognized the main author, Lieselotte Viaene (Belgian anthropologist with a PhD in law from Ghent University in 2011, Professor at the Department of Social Sciences of the University Carlos III de Madrid, and holder of a prestigious ERC Grant).[35] [36] He states he met her twice, first as her Marie Curie Fellowship supervisor,[37] and another "to solve the problems of incorrect and undisciplined behavior". He claims CES opened a disciplinary process and denied being host institution of her ERC Grant application. Sousa Santos states this case as the main motivation behind the accusations, classifying them as a "despicable act of institutional and personal revenge".[38]

In July 2023, Routledge suspended the sale of the book Sexual Misconduct in Academia, because it did not respect the British Anonymity Laws, since the CVs of two of the authors showed that at the time they had been researchers at CES. In September 2023, the three authors' chapter was permanently deleted by Routledge, which had all unsold books withdrawn.[39] [40] [41]

Further accusations

After those declarations became public, the Brazilian congresswoman, and member of the Municipal Chamber of Belo Horizonte, Bella Gonçalves, a politician of Brazil's Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL),[42] former student at the research centre CES in Coimbra, announced she had been sexually assaulted by Boaventura de Sousa Santos in the exact same way described in the article.[43] [44] [45] She told the newspaper that, at the time, she reported the case to the CES management, who would have suggested she changed her advisor, arguing the professor was untouchable. She says that because of what happened, she decided to return to Brazil and finish her doctorate degree at a local university. After returning to Brazil, the former student says, she received an email from Boaventura de Sousa Santos. In it, the professor is said to have apologised for his behaviour, excusing himself by saying that he had fallen in love with her.[46]

The Argentinean indigenous left-wing activist Moira Ivana Millán had already told an Argentinean radio program about an episode of harassment to which she was subjected in Coimbra, Portugal, in 2010, by sociologist Boaventura de Sousa Santos, accusing him of moral and sexual harassment.

Boaventura de Sousa Santos denied Millán's accusations. He published an email exchange between himself and Moira Millán, before and after her visit to CES, showing she was not speaking the truth. He demanded a public apology from Millán, who insisted on her accusations and threatened to sue him.[47]

Reactions

Right after the publication of the article as well as the statements of Bella Gonzalvez and Moira Millan, Boaventura de Sousa Santos decided to suspend all his activities at CES [48] and made himself available to any investigation,[49] [50] [51] urging for an independent commission to be created to clarify the facts. In June 2023, Sousa Santos wrote an opinion piece in which he shows some self-criticism regarding the events described in the accusations, arguing he belongs to a generation with a sexist culture, although he continues to reject the allegations, highlighting his fight for equality.[52] Some academics have publicly supported de Sousa Santos, criticizing the initial article methodologically,[53] [54] or as a form of lawfare.[55] Some journalists have also expressed their support.[56]

Although the Ombusdman of the institution argues she had not received any complaints of harassment within the institution in the two years she has been in those functions, in September 2023, CES created an independent commission to produce a formal report with conclusions,.[57] [58]

The Latin American Council of Social Sciences suspended all activities with the researcher.[59] The Spanish newspaper Publico, where Sousa Santos had a regular column,[60] has suspended their ongoing collaboration.[61]

In July 2023, the publisher Routledge withdrew the book "Sexual Misconduct in Academia" from publication.[62] [63] This book included the initial article. In September 2023, Taylor & Francis, owner of Routledge, made a statement[64] arguing they had received "legal threats from various parties" and thus decided for the withdrawal. As a reaction, beyond the social media uproar,[65] [66] an open letter to Routledge received the support of 1,200 academics, asking the publisher to "state why they have removed" the book, and to "reinstate [it]" and "stand up to legal threats".[67]

Report by the Independent Commission

On 13 March 2024, the 114-page report by the Independent Commission of the Centre for Social Studies at the University of Coimbra confirmed the existence of evidence of abuse of power and sexual harassment at CES.[68] However, it did not make formal accusations about Boaventura de Sousa Santos, who expressed both relief and concern about the report.[69] [70] [71] [72]

In addition to this report,[73] the CES apologised "to people who consider themselves victims of harassing or abusive behaviour" and promised to take action and provide reparations.[74] [75] The CES claimed it would hand the evidence to the public prosecutor office to consider further legal actions.[76]

In the report, the Independent Commission states it gathered testimonies of 32 people presenting allegations, 78% women, where around half were victims and the rest witnesses. Most part were students and recent PhDs, and they spoke of moral harassment (28%), sexual harassment and sexual abuse (27%) and abuse of power (27%).[77] The report speaks of perpetrators systematic blurring of professional and private life, situations of non-consensual touching, encouraging alcohol drinking, and offers of academic benefits in exchange of sexual favours. The report covers 14 people accused, in three groups of responsibilities: of committing the acts, cover-ups and negligence.

Activist Moira Millán criticized the report, arguing the commission did not name the abusers, did not apologize to victims outside academia. She announced she will initiate legal actions against the university,[78] on top of her legal action against Santos.[79]

A year after the first accusations of sexual harassment, and as soon as the report by the independent commission was made public, Boaventura de Sousa Santos was removed from his position as a judge at the International Rights of Nature Tribunal.[80] [81]

Personal life

Boaventura de Sousa Santos is married[82] to Maria Irene Ramalho, professor emerita of American Studies and Feminist Studies at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Coimbra (FLUC), as well as a former Assistant Professor International in the Department of Comparative Literature at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.[83] She was also a researcher at the Centre for Social Studies,[84] [85] as well as member of the ethics committee to evaluate the propriety of research projects conducted at CES between February 2022 and April 2023.[86] The couple has children. He owns the farmhouse in Penacova that belonged to his paternal grandparents before belonging to his father, and uses it as a second home after his main residence in Coimbra. He has the eye condition called amblyopia.

Selected works

His PhD thesis has not only been considered a landmark in the Sociology of Law, but has greatly impacted his life. He has published widely on globalization, sociology of law and the state, epistemology, democracy and human rights, and his works have been published in Portuguese, Spanish, English, Italian, French, German and Mandarin.

Among his most recent and relevant publications are:[87] [88] [89]

Distinctions

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Boaventura de Sousa Santos University of Wisconsin Law School . 2023-04-12 . secure.law.wisc.edu . en.
  2. Web site: Fernandes . José Manuel . 16 January 2015 . Os dias difíceis do professor Boaventura . Observador.
  3. Web site: de Sousa Santos . Boaventura . Para uma concepção marxista do marxismo . Universidad de Coimbra.
  4. Web site: Bartoly Gonçalves de Lima . Fernanda . 2022-12-30 . Emancipação e educação em Boaventura de Sousa Santos: uma análise a partir de uma perspectiva marxista . Germinal.
  5. Web site: 2022-02-01 . Catarina Martins não pode seguir "lógica do Titanic: continuar à frente do barco mesmo que ele se afunde" . 2023-04-11 . TSF Rádio Notícias . pt-PT.
  6. News: 'O coronavírus é um professor cruel porque ensina matando', diz o sociólogo Boaventura de Sousa Santos . pt-BR . BBC News Brasil . 2023-04-11.
  7. Web site: Antunes . Diogo Teixeira Pereira, Mariana Lima Cunha, Rita Tavares, Rui Pedro . "Pedro Nuno Santos, até se distanciar, é um deputado de uma maioria que empobrece o País" . 2023-04-11 . Observador . pt-PT.
  8. Web site: 14 April 2023 . Esclarecimento ao Comunicado (II) . Centro de Estudios Sociales.
  9. Web site: Infopédia . Boaventura de Sousa Santos - Infopédia . 2023-04-12 . infopedia.pt - Porto Editora . pt.
  10. Web site: Alexandre . David . 13 March 2024 . Relatório CES. Boaventura de Sousa Santos diz que documento não tem nenhuma acusação direta . RTP.
  11. Web site: A Quintela de Boaventura de Sousa Santos . 2023-04-12 . fugas.publico.pt . 5 October 2018 . pt.
  12. Martins . Bruno Sena . de Sousa Santos . Boaventura . 2018-11-07 . Socialismo, democracia e epistemologias do Sul. Entrevista com Boaventura de Sousa Santos . Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais . pt . Número especial . 9–54 . 10.4000/rccs.7647 . 0254-1106 . 150312905. 10316/84312 . free .
  13. Web site: Sobre o CES Apresentação . 2023-04-26 . Centro de Estudos Sociais . pt.
  14. Web site: Quem é "a Sentinela"? "Se o CES fosse uma monarquia, ela era a rainha" . 2023-04-17 . www.dn.pt . 16 April 2023 . pt-PT.
  15. Web site: Boaventura de Sousa Santos . 2023-04-17 . Centro de Estudos Sociais . pt.
  16. Book: de Sousa Santos . Boaventura . The Rise of the Global Left: The World Social Forum and Beyond . 2006 . Zed Books . 1-84277-801-3 . London, United Kingdom.
  17. de Sousa Santos . Boaventura. Boaventura de Sousa Santos. Aram Ziai. Reflections . Development and Change. Institute of Social Studies: The Hague. Kassel, Amsterdam. 2013.
  18. Web site: Silva . Samuel . 15 April 2023 . Um "messias" no centro do "culto" que se tornou o CES . Público.
  19. Web site: Gupta . Gitika . September 2014 . Towards a decolonial reading of Tivolem: E ainda há mais mundo, chega lá . estudogeral.uc.pt.
  20. Web site: Boaventura de Sousa Santos . 2024-03-13 . Alice - ALICE Project . pt-BR.
  21. Book: Correa. Rafael . Latin American Critical Thought: Theory and Practice. 2012. Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales. Buenos Aires, Argentina. 978-987-1891-05-4. 213.
  22. Web site: Renascença . 2023-04-12 . Boaventura Sousa Santos acusado de assédio sexual na Universidade de Coimbra - Renascença . 2023-04-12 . Rádio Renascença . pt-pt.
  23. Web site: 2023-04-13 . "Senti-me refém". Há novas denúncias contra Boaventura de Sousa Santos . 2023-04-21 . ZAP Notícias - Atualidade, mundo, ciência, saúde, desporto . pt-PT.
  24. Web site: 19 April 2023 . Grupo de mulheres exige investigação imparcial ao caso do Centro de Estudos Sociais de Coimbra . 2023-04-21 . www.dn.pt . pt-PT.
  25. Web site: Correia . Mariama . 2023-04-19 . Coletivo faz novas denúncias de assédio sexual de Boaventura . 2023-04-21 . Agência Pública . pt-BR.
  26. Web site: Sexual Misconduct in Academia: Informing an Ethics of Care in the University . 2023-04-11 . Routledge & CRC Press . en.
  27. Web site: pt . CES . About CES .
  28. Web site: 17 April 2023 . Universidade de Coimbra "condena todos os atos de assédio sexual e moral", mas lembra que CES "é uma entidade autónoma juridicamente" . Expresso.
  29. Web site: Apresentação . Centro de Estudios Sociales.
  30. Web site: 2022-04-07 . CES-UC published study on pandemic and academia at home . FCT: Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia.
  31. Book: Viaene . Lieselotte . The walls spoke when no one else would: Autoethnographic notes on sexual-power gatekeeping within avant-garde academia . Sexual Misconduct in Academia . 2023-04-11 . 10.4324/9781003289944-17 . Laranjeiro . Catarina . Tom . Miye Nadya. 978-1-003-28994-4 .
  32. Web site: Kotowicz . Ana . O Professor-Estrela, o Aprendiz, a Vigilante. Como três investigadoras relatam os assédios que terão Boaventura Sousa Santos como peça-chave . 2023-04-12 . Observador . pt-PT.
  33. Web site: Boaventura de Sousa Santos: Diario de una difamación .
  34. News: La respuesta de Boaventura de Sousa Santos a las acusaciones falsas de abuso sexual . El Ciudadano.
  35. Web site: Gidyj Lieselotte Viaene . 2023-04-15 . derechoyjusticia.net . es.
  36. Web site: Câncio . Fernanda . 15 April 2023 . Quem é "a Sentinela"? "Se o CES fosse uma monarquia, ela era a rainha" . Diario de Noticias .
  37. Web site: Viaene . Lieselotte . PEOPLE . Rivers.
  38. Web site: Machado . Cláudia . 2023-04-12 . Boaventura de Sousa Santos nega assédio sexual . 2023-04-12 . SIC Notícias . pt.
  39. News: Editora suspende venda de livro que levou a denúncias de Boaventura. Sociólogo diz que é acusação criminal disfarçado de trabalho científico . Observador.
  40. News: Editora britânica retira capítulo que acusa Boaventura em livro sobre assédio sexual . Diario de Noticias.
  41. Web site: Statement on "Sexual Misconduct in Academia" . Taylor & Francis.
  42. Web site: Correia . Mariama . 2023-04-14 . Deputada brasileira denuncia assédio sexual de Boaventura . 2023-04-15 . Agência Pública . pt-BR.
  43. Web site: SAPO . Exclusivo Agência Pública: Deputada brasileira denuncia assédio sexual de Boaventura Sousa Santos durante doutoramento . 2023-04-21 . Polígrafo . pt.
  44. Web site: Bella Gonçalves dá a cara pelo alegado assédio de Boaventura de Sousa Santos . 2023-04-21 . SIC Notícias . 15 April 2023 . pt.
  45. Web site: DDC . 2023-04-17 . Acusado de acoso sexual el portugués Boaventura de Sousa Santos, presente en la Bienal de La Habana de 2019 DIARIO DE CUBA . 2023-04-18 . diariodecuba.com . es.
  46. Web site: Brasileira diz ter sido assediada sexualmente por Boaventura: 'apaixonado' . 2023-04-13 . www.uol.com.br . pt-br.
  47. Web site: 27 April 2023 . Boaventura mostra emails para negar acusações de activista argentina. Millán promete apresentar queixa .
  48. Web site: ESCLARECIMENTO AO COMUNICADO (II) .
  49. Web site: Boaventura de Sousa Santos. Comissão para investigar suspeitas de assédio ainda não foi criada .
  50. Web site: 18 May 2023 . Boaventura de Sousa Santos envia carta ao CES a criticar demora na criação da comissão independente .
  51. Web site: Constenla . Tereixa . 2023-04-24 . Boaventura de Sousa pide que nadie interfiera en la investigación sobre los casos de acoso sexual . 2024-05-20 . El País . es.
  52. Web site: de Sousa Santos . Boaventura . 2023-06-02 . Una reflexión autocrítica: un compromiso con el futuro . 2023-06-23 . infoLibre . es.
  53. Web site: 19 June 2023 . La ética en la producción de conocimiento y la deshumanización de la academia - Diario16 .
  54. Web site:
  55. Web site: Boaventura de Sousa Santos acusado [pasar la página y procurar el olvido] ]. 2023-07-10 . elpostantillano.net.
  56. Web site: Nassif . Luis . 2023-06-04 . Boaventura e os justiceiros da legalidade, por Luís Nassif . 2023-06-23 . GGN . pt-BR.
  57. Web site: Nove denúncias de assédio no Centro de Estudos Sociais de Coimbra .
  58. Web site: Constenla . Tereixa . 2024-03-13 . La comisión del 'caso Boaventura' concluye que hubo "abuso de poder y acoso" en la jerarquía del Centro de Estudios Sociales de Coimbra . 2024-03-24 . El País . es.
  59. Web site: 2023-04-16 . Consejo latinoamericano suspende a sociólogo luso acusado de acoso sexual . 2023-04-16 . La Vanguardia . es.
  60. Web site: Espejos extraños . 2023-04-16 . Espejos extraños . es.
  61. Web site: 15 April 2023 . Varias mujeres acusan al sociólogo portugués Boaventura de Sousa Santos de acoso sexual durante casi una década . 2023-04-15 . www.publico.es.
  62. Web site: Alves . Adriana . Editora suspende venda de livro que levou a denúncias de Boaventura. Sociólogo diz que é acusação criminal disfarçado de trabalho científico . 2023-07-21 . Observador . pt-PT.
  63. Web site: Capinha . Graça . 2023-07-20 . Disse "científico"?! . 2023-07-21 . Público . pt.
  64. Web site: Robinson . Mark . 2023-09-22 . Statement on "Sexual Misconduct in Academia" . 2023-09-27 . Taylor & Francis Newsroom . en-GB.
  65. Web site: 2023-08-31 . Editora britânica retira capítulo que acusa Boaventura em livro sobre assédio sexual . 2023-09-27 . www.dn.pt . pt-PT.
  66. Web site: The 1752 Group . We stand in solidarity with the authors of Chapter 12 of the book 'Sexual Misconduct in Academia'. . 2023-09-27 . X (formerly Twitter) . en.
  67. Web site: Open Letter to Routledge - Taylor & Francis Group BUALA . 2023-09-27 . www.buala.org.
  68. Web site: Jesus . Carlos Diogo Santos, Carolina . Caso Boaventura Sousa Santos. Relatório de Comissão independente confirma indícios de conduta de abuso de poder e assédio . 2024-03-13 . Observador . pt-PT.
  69. Web site: Boaventura Sousa Santos diz que "nunca foi confrontado com acusações concretas de assédio" . 2024-05-20 . CNN Portugal . pt.
  70. Web site: 2024-05-20 . "Nunca fui confrontado com acusações concretas de abuso de poder ou de assédio" . 2024-05-20 . contacto-online . pt.
  71. Web site: Boaventura de Sousa Santos reage a relatório sobre assédio: "Nada de objetivo contra mim" . 2024-05-20 . Jornal de Notícias . pt.
  72. Web site: 2024-03-13 . Boaventura reage após relatório: "Estou mais tranquilo que há um ano" . 2024-05-20 . Notícias ao Minuto . pt.
  73. Book: University of Coimbra . Independent Commission of the Centre for Social Studies to Clarify Situations of Harassment - Final Report . University of Coimbra . 2024 . February 29, 2024 . English.
  74. Web site: 2024-03-13 . Caso Boaventura: CES pede desculpa "às pessoas que se consideram vítimas de comportamentos de assédio ou abuso" e promete agir . 2024-03-13 . Expresso . pt.
  75. Web site: Direção pede "desculpas públicas" a vítimas e anuncia que vai agir sobre quem abusou . 2024-03-13 . Diário de Notícias . pt.
  76. Web site: Denúncias de abuso tratadas como "assuntos privados entre pessoas adultas". Boaventura diz-se "mais tranquilo" . 2024-03-24 . Diário de Notícias . pt.
  77. Web site: 2024-03-21 . Una de las denunciantes de Boaventura de Sousa Santos tras la investigación que confirma los abusos: "Es insuficiente" . 2024-03-24 . www.publico.es.
  78. Web site: 2024-03-19 . Moira Millán sobre Boaventura de Sousa Santos: "La carta de disculpas de la academia no es suficiente y está cargada de racismo" . 2024-03-24 . Agencia Presentes . es.
  79. Web site: 2023-04-20 . Moira Millán denunciará penalmente a Boaventura Sousa Santos por abuso . 2024-03-24 . Agencia Presentes . es.
  80. Web site: Boaventura de Sousa Santos afastado do Tribunal Internacional de Direitos da Natureza . 2024-04-16 . Jornal de Notícias . pt.
  81. Web site: Boaventura de Sousa Santos destituído do cargo de juiz no Tribunal Internacional de Direitos da Natureza . 2024-04-16 . CNN Portugal . pt.
  82. Web site: Lopes . Maria João . Quem tem medo dos estudos feministas? . 2023-04-20 . Público . 7 July 2007 . pt.
  83. Web site: Rua Larga . 2023-04-20 . Rua Larga . pt.
  84. Web site: Maria Irene Ramalho . 18 May 2021 . CES - Centro de Estudos Sociais.
  85. Web site: Videira . Carolina . 9 December 2019 . Maria Irene Ramalho encerra Ciclo de Conferências Internacionais na Guarda . 18 May 2021 . beira.pt.
  86. Web site: About CES Ethics Committee . 2024-05-20 . CES - Centre for Social Studies . en.
  87. Web site: Boaventura de Sousa Santos . 2023-04-12 . CES - Centro de Estudos Sociais . pt.
  88. Web site: Amazon.com . 2023-04-12 . www.amazon.com . en-us.
  89. Web site: Boaventura de Sousa Santos . 2023-04-12 . www.socioeco.org.
  90. Web site: Cidadãos Nacionais Agraciados com Ordens Portuguesas . 11 August 2021 . Página Oficial das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas.
  91. Web site: Boaventura de Sousa Santos (C11E-83C3-B299) CIÊNCIAVITAE . 2024-04-02 . www.cienciavitae.pt.
  92. Web site: Folha Online - Ilustrada - Conheça todos os finalistas do Prêmio Jabuti 2001 - 07/03/2001 . 2024-04-02 . www1.folha.uol.com.br.

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