Board of Control for Cricket in India explained
The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) is the principal national governing body of cricket in India.[12] Its headquarters is situated at the Cricket Centre in Churchgate, Mumbai.[13] The BCCI is the wealthiest governing body of cricket in the world.[14] [15] [16] The BCCI is involved in talent development through grassroots programs and cricket academies. Its initiatives include infrastructure development, coaching, and player welfare programs designed to maintain and enhance India's competitive performance internationally.
The BCCI was established in 1 December 1928 at Madras (currently Chennai) under Act XXI of 1860 of Madras and was subsequently reregistered under the Tamil Nadu Societies Registration Act, 1975.[17] It is a consortium of state cricket associations that select their own representatives who elect the BCCI president. It joined the Imperial Cricket Conference in 1926 which later became the International Cricket Council.[2] The BCCI is an autonomous, private organization that does not fall under the purview of the National Sports Federation of India of Government of India and does not receive any grants from the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. The BCCI is influential in international cricket.[18] [19] [20] The International Cricket Council shares the largest part of its revenue with the BCCI. IPL run by BCCI is one of the wealthiest sports leagues in the world.[21]
In financial year 2023-2024, BCCI earned . BCCI paid in taxes for the financial year 2022-23.[22]
R. E. Grant Govan was the first BCCI president and Anthony De Mello was its first secretary.[23], Roger Binny is the incumbent BCCI president and Jay Shah is the secretary.
BCCI has hosted multiple Cricket World Cups, and will host the 2026 T20 World Cup, the 2029 Champions Trophy, the 2031 Cricket World Cup, and the 2025 Women's Cricket World Cup.[24]
The BCCI manages four squads that represent India in international cricket; the men's national cricket team, the women's national cricket team, the men's national under-19 cricket team and women's national under-19 cricket team. It also governs developmental India A, India B and India A women's teams.[25] Its national selection committee, which is led by chief national selector, selects players for these teams. As part of its duties, the BCCI organises and schedules matches to be played by each of these teams, and schedules, sanctions and organises domestic cricket in India.[26] [27] [28]
History
See also: History of the Indian cricket team.
The first game of cricket was played in India by European sailors, who played the sport as a recreational activity in the first half of the 18th century. These sailors played cricket near their coastal settlements. The first recorded match in India was played between the British army and British settlers in 1751. The world's second-oldest cricket club, Calcutta Cricket Club, was founded in 1792 in present-day Kolkata. The Parsis were the first civilian community to accept cricket as a sport and play it in India.[29] In 1848, they set up the Oriental Cricket Club in present-day Mumbai. In 1850, they founded the Young Zoroastrian Cricket Club. In 1886, Hindus founded the Hindu Gymkhana sports club.[30]
In 1912, an all-India cricket team visited England for the first time, and were sponsored and captained by the Maharaja of Patiala. In 1926, two representatives of Calcutta Cricket Club travelled to London to attend meetings of the Imperial Cricket Conference, the predecessor of the current International Cricket Council. Although technically not an official representative of Indian cricket, they were allowed to attend by Lord Harris, chairman of the conference. The outcome of the meeting was the MCC's decision to send a team that was led by Arthur Gilligan, who had captained England in The Ashes, to India.
Founding and early years
In a meeting with the Maharaja of Patiala and others, Gilligan promised to press for its inclusion in the ICC if all of the game's promoters in the country united to establish a single controlling body. An assurance was given and on 21 November 1927 a meeting was held in Delhi, which was attended by delegates from Patiala, Delhi, United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, Rajputana, Alwar, Bhopal, Gwalior, Baroda, Kathiawar, Central Provinces and Berar, Sindh and Punjab. The delegates agreed to create a board for control of cricket in India. On 10 December 1927, a unanimous decision to form a provisional board of control was taken, and the BCCI was formed in December 1928. R. E. Grant Govan was elected as its first president and Anthony de Mello was secretary.[31]
In 1926, the BCCI joined the Imperial Cricket Council, then the governing body for international cricket. In 1936, the BCCI started India's premier first-class cricket championship the Ranji Trophy, which was named after the first Indian person who played international cricket, the King of Nawanagar state K.S. Ranjitsinhji,[32] who played for England in international cricket. The Mumbai cricket team is the most-successful team, winning 42 titles.
In 1932, India played its maiden Test match under the captaincy of C. K. Nayudu against England at Lord's cricket ground in London. During England's 1933-34 tour of India, on 17 December 1933, Lala Amarnath became the first Indian batsman to score a test century, scoring 118 on his debut, at Bombay Gymkhana.[33] In 1967–68, India won its first-ever Test cricket series outside Asia. Previously it had defeated Pakistan, New Zealand and England, and won series in India.[34]
1945–1987
See main article: History of cricket in India from 1945–46 to 1960, History of cricket in India from 1960–61 to 1970 and History of cricket in India from 1970–71 to 1985.
In 1952, the England team toured India; it was their first tour of India after its Independence. Nigel Howard was the captain of touring team.[35] The former India captain Vijaya Ananda Gajapathi Raju, also known as Vizzy, was the BCCI president in the 1960s.[36]
In 1975, the BCCI paid per match to the test cricketers. Banks, Indian railways and private enterprises would recruit players.[37]
The board appointed Ajit Wadekar captain in 1971, the Indian team won their first test series against England on English soil, and against the West Indies, Sunil Gavaskar made his test debut in latter series.
India won the 1983 Cricket World Cup, defeating the defending champions the West Indies by 43 runs in the final at Lord's. India also won the World Championship of Cricket in 1985, defeating Pakistan by eight wickets in the final at Melbourne Cricket Ground. The BCCI hosted the 1987 World Cup; it was the first time the event was organised outside England.[38]
1987–2000
See main article: History of cricket in India from 1985–86 to 2000.
Through the 1980s and early 1990s, BCCI paid per match to terrestrial television network Doordarshan to broadcast the Indian cricket team's matches.[39]
It hosted the ICC Cricket World Cup competitions in 1987 and 1996.
In 1991, BCCI proposed South Africa's readmission to international cricket at the International Cricket Council (ICC).[40] After the proposal succeeded, the BCCI sold television broadcast rights for the first time; South African Broadcasting Corporation purchased the rights to broadcast the South African cricket tour of India, South Africa's first official international tour after the 21-year boycott from international cricket.[41] During this time, South Africa joined the "Asian bloc" of the BCCI and its South-Asian neighbours.
In 1993, the BCCI signed a deal with TransWorld International (TWI), which would pay the BCCI to televise England's tour of India on satellite television and Doordarshan would pay TWI for the rights to televise the matches in India.[42] [43] The 1993 Hero Cup was broadcast on Star TV, which made it the first cricket series to be broadcast on satellite television in India and broke the monopoly of Doordarshan.[44] [42] A lengthy legal battle between Doordarshan and the BCCI—which was led by Jagmohan Dalmiya and president I. S. Bindra—ensued. In February 1995, the Supreme Court of India ruled the television rights of India's matches were a commodity belonging to the BCCI, for which the broadcaster must pay BCCI and not the other way around.[45]
BCCI, in a joint bid with Pakistan and Sri Lanka, won the rights to host the 1996 Cricket World Cup, defeating the England-and-Australia bloc. The tournament was a commercial success, yielding the ICC a profit of $50 million.[45]
In 1997, Dalmiya became the president of the ICC.[46] With Dalmiya at the head of the ICC, the BCCI led a successful proposal to grant Test status to Bangladesh in 1999–2000.[47]
21st century
See main article: History of cricket in India from 2000–01. Since 2000, the BCCI has hosted and organised multiple ICC cricket World Cups competitions that is men's 2011 ODI world cup, the 2023 ODI world cup, the 2016 T20 world cup, the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy and 2021 T20 world cups; 2013, 2016 Women's Cricket world cups.
In 2007, the BCCI established the Indian Premier League (IPL), an annual, franchise-based, Twenty20 cricket league. In 2008, the BCCI sold the ownership rights of eight city-based franchises to corporate groups and Bollywood celebrities in a closed auction for a total of 723.49 million;[48] it also sold the tournament's global media rights for 10 years to World Sport Group for 1.03 billion. The media deal was re-negotiated the following year to $1.6 billion.[49] In 2010, the BCCI expanded the league to 10 teams, selling two new franchises for a total of 703 million.[50] Due to the IPL's commercial success, similarly styled Twenty20 leagues appeared around the world, as did franchise-based leagues in other sports in India.[51] [52]
In 2014, the BCCI, Cricket Australia and the England and Wales Cricket Board seized control of several of the ICC's key committees to form the "Big Three". The foundation of the "Big Three" would result in a complete remodelling of world cricket, with India, England, and Australia now commanding most of cricket's revenue for the foreseeable future.[53]
In 2019, the BCCI recognised retired players' union the Indian Cricketers' Association (ICA), which was formed after the Supreme court appointed Lodha committee's recommendation to form an independent organisation for welfare of nation's players. The board also includes this union's one person as "ICA representative" in BCCI and IPL's apex governing council.[54]
On 14 February 2022, it laid foundation stone for new National Cricket Academy (NCA) at Bangalore, which will replace old NCA located near M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Banglore.[55]
National teams
Men
Women
Affiliated state association and state leagues
See main article: List of members of the Board of Control for Cricket in India.
Membership of the Board of Control for Cricket in India is made up of Full Members and Associate Members.[56] [57]
Full Members
The majority of full members are state cricket associations. Each state is permitted one representative, except for Gujarat and Maharashtra, which have three. There are additional representatives from Indian Railways, Services and Universities. Changes recommended by the Lodha Committee included restricting full membership to state associations and limiting states to one full member, with the others becoming associate members,[58] but these have not been fully adopted by the BCCI, with existing members retaining full membership except for Cricket Club of India (Mumbai) and National Cricket Club (Kolkata).[59]
Associate Members
All members not meeting the criteria for full members are classified as associate members. They include:
State Leagues list
See main article: List of regional T20 cricket leagues in India.
Men's
Women's
Competitions
State/Zonal Level
The BCCI organise following State level tournaments:
Men's Senior
Men's Youth
Women's Senior
Women's Youth
- Women's under 23 T20 Trophy
- Women's under 23 One Day Trophy
- Women's under 19 T20 Trophy[68]
- Women's under 19 One Day Trophy
- Women's under 15 One Day Trophy[69]
Franchise Level
Men's Senior
Women's Senior
Current title holders
Administration
Constitution
The BCCI is governed by its constitution. The board has been prohibited by the Supreme Court of India from amending its own constitution without its approval.
Headquarters
The BCCI's headquarters is located at the Cricket Centre within the premises of the Mumbai Cricket Association at Wankhede Stadium in Churchgate, Mumbai, where it occupies three floors of a four-floor building.[70]
Legal status
BCCI is registered as a society in Tamil Nadu under the societies registration act, is an autonomous body and does not receive any grants or funding from the Indian government.[71] In 2004, in the Supreme Court of India, the BCCI stated that the Indian cricket team is the official team of BCCI and not the official team of India and it does not fly the national flag or uses any national emblem in the activities of the board. The BCCI recommends its players for prestigious awards such as the Arjuna award but says it is not a national sports federation.[72] Since its foundation, the BCCI has not been officially sanctioned by Government of India and after being started as a national governing body of cricket in India, it is the sole representative of India in International Cricket Council.[73]
Logo
The BCCI's logo is derived from the Star of India emblem. According to Information Commissioner Sridhar Acharyulu, the logo was designed by the Government of India in 1928. It is 90% similar to the Star of India.[74] [75] The BCCI was alleged to use old official government emblem without prior permission from Government of India and it is an offence under the Emblem and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950.
National teams
The BCCI have 'India cricket team (men), Women national team, India men's and women's U19 teams which represents India in international level cricket while it also govern second-tier or junior teams: India A, B (men's), India A Women's. Rohit Sharma is the skipper of the India cricket team. It has won the 1983, 2011 ODI, and 2007 and 2024 T20 world cups.
Anti-corruption unit
The BCCI has a special anti-corruption unit that is responsible for preventing malpractice in cricket within India.[76] [77] This unit is responsible for investigating unlawful activities such as betting, spot-fixing, match-fixing and corrupt approaches to players.[78] Shabir Hussein has been the head of this unit since April 2021 .[79]
Ethics officer
Former Indian Supreme Court judge Vineet Saran is the BCCI's incumbent ethics officer and ombudsman. He was appointed in June 2022.[80] The board created this ethics officer post in 2017 due to increasing complaints of conflict of interest in the board's office holders, employees and associated people. The officer reviews complaints of conflict of interest.[81]
Anti-doping unit
Dr. Abhijit Salvi is the head of BCCI's anti-doping unit. NADA sends qualified doctors to collect blood and urine sample of players and later analyse it in lab to find out performance-enhancing drugs or steroids in blood. After that BCCI takes appropriate actions if found doing violations.[82]
Television production
In 2012, the BCCI established its own production house. The BCCI's broadcast service produces coverage of international matches of the Indian national cricket team those held in India; and matches of leading domestic tournaments including the IPL. Until 2012, the BCCI paid the production costs to the company who purchased the media rights from them. Nimbus Communications did production for the BCCI for many years.[83] The BCCI's production house holds production rights and copyrights of Indian cricket's content.[84] The BCCI broadcasts video highlights of domestic and bilateral cricket series in India on its website.[85] Starting in July 2023, it will broadcast live, important domestic games form tournaments such as Duleep and Deodhar Trophy on its website.
Officials
President
See also: List of presidents of the Board of Control for Cricket in India.
President is an elected position, and is considered the most-powerful position in the BCCI administration. Due to the president's financial power and the popularity of cricket in India, it is considered as a highly prestigious position. The President of the BCCI presides over the meeting of the apex council and the general body. He signs audited annual accounts and financial statements.[86] [87]
The full-member state boards can vote in the presidential election. Gujarat and Maharashtra have more than one full member but as per the Lodha Committee, supreme court guidelines state any state can have only one vote in the election at any time.[88]
Former India-and-Karnataka cricketer, national selector, India under-19 teams' coach and President of the Karnataka State Cricket Association Roger Binny is the incumbent President of the BCCI. He succeeded Sourav Ganguly. Binny is a member of India's 1983 Cricket World Cup-winning team. He took charge in October 2022.[89] [90]
Secretary
'BCCI secretary' is the second most powerful and important post after president. Secretary signs all the contracts and carries correspondence on behalf of BCCI. Jay Shah is the incumbent secretary. The secretary have power to take action or defend office bearers, employees of the BCCI.[91] [92] Shah is also the present president of Asian Cricket Council.[93]
CEO
As per the eligibility criteria, the person who has at least 10 years of working experience in a -or-more annual turnover company on management position can be a chief executive officer (CEO) of the BCCI. Hemang Amin is the incumbent CEO.[94] Rahul Johari became the first CEO; the post was created after the recommendation of the Lodha Committee. The CEO of the BCCI handles its management duties and reports to the BCCI secretary.[95]
National selectors
See main article: India national cricket team selectors.
National selectors are responsible for selecting national men's senior team. It also select male junior teams India A and India B, which represent India in second-and-third tiers of international cricket. The selection committee is composed of five former cricketers from five different zones of the country, Shivasundar Das, Sridharan Sharath, Salil Ankola and Subroto Banerjee are its present members. Chief selector's position is vacant as of 22 May 2023[96] BCCI's junior national selection committee selects players for junior teams such as India U19 and U15 men. Sharath Sridharan is its chairman since 17 September 2021.[97]
BCCI gives chief national selector 1.25 Cr rupees per year for his job.[98]
The All India women's selection committee selects players for Indian female cricket team. It consists of five female former players from five zones of the nation, who have represented India at international level., former left-arm spinner Neetu David is the head of this committee since her appointment on 26 September 2020. The committee consists of Neetu David (head), Aarti Vaidya, Renu Margrate, Mithu Mukharjee, Venkatechar Kalpana.[99]
Cricket Advisory Committee
This committee has three members. CAC is responsible for selecting head coach for men's and women's national senior team.[100]
Past office bearers
Presidents
The following is a list of presidents of BCCI:[101]
Honorary Secretaries
The following is a list of secretaries of BCCI:
| No. | Image | Honorary Secretary | Term |
|---|
| 1 | | Anthony de Mello | 1928–38 |
| 2 | | K. S. Ranga Rao | 1938–46 |
| 3 | | Pankaj Gupta | 1946–48 |
| 4 | | M. G. Bhave | 1948–51 |
| 5 | | A. N. Ghose | 1951–60 |
| 6 | | M. Chinnaswamy | 1960–65 |
| 7 | | S. Sriraman | 1965–70 |
| 8 | | M.V. Chandgadkar | 1970–75 |
| 9 | | Ghulam Ahmed | 1975–80 |
| 10 | | A.W. Kanmadikar | 1980–85 |
| 11 | | Ranbir Singh Mahendra | 1985–90 |
| 12 | | Jagmohan Dalmiya | 1990–91 |
| 13 | | C. Nagaraj | 1991–93 |
| 14 | | Jagmohan Dalmiya | 1993–97 |
| 15 | | Jaywant Y. Lele | 1997–99 |
| 16 | | Niranjan S. Shah | 1999–2003 |
| 17 | | S. K. Nair | 2003–04 |
| 18 | | Niranjan S. Shah | 2004–08 |
| 19 | | N. Srinivasan | 2008–11 |
| 20 | | Sanjay Jagdale | 2011–13 |
| 21 | | Sanjay Patel | 2013–15 |
| 22 | | Anurag Thakur | 2015–16 |
| 23 | | Ajay Shirke | 2016–17 |
| 24 | | Amitabh Choudhary | 2017–19 |
| 25 | | Jay Shah | 2019–present | |
- Key
- Died in office
- Sacked or removed from office
- Resigned
- Later become President
Finance
Earning
The BCCI is a private entity; it does not depend on the Government of India for its finances.[105] In 2020, with US$405 million out of US$1,534 million, India had 26% share in the ICC FTP income disbursed to 10 Test playing nations, while the England and Wales Cricket Board received US$139 million as the second-highest earner. In the same year, to refinance other boards after the global economic decline and the significantly reduced income of most boards due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the ICC changed its FTP schedule to organise more international matches with India.
ICC will share 38.5% of its total annual income with BCCI from 2023 to 2027, the board could earn $1.15 bn plus in this cycle. BCCI will receive biggest share of ICC's income than any other board.[106]
Income
In financial year (FY) 2019–2020, the BCCI's total annual income was estimated to be over (US$535 million), including (US$345 million) from the IPL, (US$139 million) from bilateral cricket with other nations, and (US$51 million per year or total US$405 million for eight years) from India's share of ICC revenue.[107] In financial year 2021-2022 the BCCI earned ₹4542 Cr, in FY 2022-2023 earned ₹6558 Cr.[108] [109]
ICC income share
In 2020, as per the present eight-year Future Tours Program (FTP), India receives US$405 million from the ICC, as contrasted with US$139 million to the England and Wales Cricket Board, while US$128 million for each of Cricket Australia, Cricket South Africa, Pakistan Cricket Board, New Zealand Cricket, Sri Lanka Cricket, Cricket West Indies and Bangladesh Cricket Board, and US$94 million for Zimbabwe.[107]
In FY 2023–2027, ICC going to share 38.5% of its annual revenue with the BCCI.
Media rights
On 16 January 2023, the board sold the Women's Premier League's media rights in for the period of 2023-2027 to Viacom18.[110]
On 31 August 2023, Viacom18 has acquired the media rights of "India cricket" as a result Viacom18 has exclusive rights to broadcast all the bilateral matches of India national women's-men's cricket team's which will take place in India and right to air all the domestic tournaments such as Ranji, Vijay Hazare trophy, Irani Cup, Duleep trophy and many more. The deal will last from Sept 2023 to March 2028.[111]
The IPL is the BCCI's largest source of income by medium of media rights. From 2018 to 2022, global rights were awarded to Star India for ₹16,347.5 crore (US$2.0 billion). In 2022, BCCI sold IPL media rights for a staggering ₹48,390 crore (equivalent to ₹510 billion or US$6.4 billion in 2023), comprising television rights of ₹23,575 crore and digital rights of ₹20,500 crore, which were won by Disney and Viacom18 respectively. This deal includes 410 matches from 2023 to 2027. Viacom 18 won the exclusive digital rights for the Indian subcontinent and for streaming to the UK, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa; while Times Internet won global streaming rights in the Middle East, North Africa and the United States. Due to this deal, the IPL became the second-richest league in the world behind National Football League (NFL).[112]
History of BCCI's media rights-
In 2018, satellite broadcaster Star India won the BCCI's exclusive media rights from 2018 to 2023. Star India won the rights to broadcast the Indian cricket team's matches on their television channels, and the rights to broadcast on Disney+ Hotstar for .[113]
On average, Star Sports pays per match to the BCCI.[114] The deal also include rights to broadcast men's domestic tournaments such as the Vijay Hazare trophy, Ranji trophy, Irani Cup, Duleep trophy and Mushtaq Ali Trophy; and women's international cricket matches in India on Star Sport and Disney+ Hotstar.
Sponsorship rights
Viacom18's Sports18 TV channel and its OTT platform JioCinema is the current (2023-2027) official broadcaster of the BCCI. Adidas is kit sponsor (since June 2023), September 2023 onwards IDFC First Bank is title sponsor for all the bilateral series in India and for all the domestic tournaments, excluding the IPL and Women's Premier League because their title sponsor is TATA for 2022-23 season.[115] [116] Dream 11, Ambuja and Hyundai are official partners.[117]
Ticketing rights
BCCI sold IPL 2022 ticket-selling rights to Book My Show. The deal includes management of spectator entry at stadium gates.[118] Paytm insider app also often sells bilateral series' tickets.
Expenditure
Cricketing infrastructure development
On 12 September 2006, the BCCI announced it would spend over the next year to upgrade cricket stadiums in India.[119]
In the early 2000s, it established the National Cricket Academy at Bangalore to train future cricketers. On 17 February 2022, the BCCI president Sourav Ganguly founded a new NCA facility at Bangalore, which occupies of land near an airport. On completion, it will have three cricket grounds, 40 practice pitches, residential rooms, a swimming pool and a gymnasium. Construction will cost .[120]
Stadium security
The BCCI hires police for security and crowd control in arenas during IPL, bilateral and ICC tournaments, unlike Australian or English cricket boards who hire private security agencies. In Maharashtra from June 2023 onwards they have to pay ₹35, ₹50, ₹60 lakhs for Test, ODI and T20 per game respectively to the Maharashtra government.[121]
Donations
In March 2020, BCCI President Sourav Ganguly announced a donation of to the PM CARES Fund to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.[122] In May 2021, the media reported that the BCCI would donate 2,000 10litre Oxygen concentrators to help India fight COVID.[123] [124]
In 2021, the BCCI announced, it will donate ₹10 Cr to Olympic bound Indian contingent.[125]
In August 2023, it paid to the Constitution Club of India based in New Delhi, to buy gym equipments. The club is an exclusive club for members of parliament of India.[126]
Encouragement to other sports
It announced reward to the Indian olympians who won medal at Tokyo Olympics.[127]
Contracts
The BCCI created four grades for contracted male players—A+, A, B andC; and three grades for contracted female players—A, B and C. Male players who are in A+ grade get a year. Players of A-grade get, B-grade's players get and C-grade players receive per year. Female players who are in A grade get a year, B-grade players get a year and C-grade players get a year.[128]
Pension schemes
The BCCI gives pensions to former domestic and international players who played for India. On 31 December 1993 BCCI decided to give 50,000 rupees pension to the players, who played more than 25 International Test match for the nation. The board gives pensions to the players who played in the Ranji Trophy before the 1957-to-1958 season. In 2013, the BCCI gave one-time benefits to domestic players who played in more than 75 first-class matches.[129] For female cricketers, the board give a - per-month pension to players who played 10 or more Tests for India; and per month for those who played between five and nine Tests.
Insurance
The BCCI has taken insurance for nearly everything related to them; they covered mediclaim of their employees, they have insured international and domestic players for loss of fees due to injury, matches, their old office and new office at Wankhede stadium and IPL matches. In case of cancellation of IPL, domestic and international cricket matches due to poor weather, riot, or fire, the BCCI receives payments from insurance companies.[130] The BCCI provides insurance to players who played under the board.[131]
Tax payment
In 2018, of tax was outstanding till 1 April 2018;l, this sum was cleared along with interest in September 2018. However the Department of Revenue issued a notice for tax evasion to the BCCI, they also demanded the BCCI for another outstanding income-tax payment of ; according to details submitted by the Ministry of finance in the Parliament in February 2019.[132]
Since IPL began Income Tax Department (IT department) refused to give income tax exemption for IPL, said it is an annual commercial activity. Since financial year 2007-2008 to 2017-2018, BCCI paid ₹3,500 Cr to IT department, out of around ₹12000 Cr it earned from the IPL.[133]
In 2007–08, although the IT department withdrew this exemption, BCCI only paid tax amounting to against its tax liability of in the 2009–2010 financial year[134]
In 2012, BCCI paid no income tax, claimed they are a charitable organisation.[135]
In 2015, then Finance minister Jayant Sinha said, ministry collected ₹2140.58 Cr from BCCI, 2004–05 onwards, but tax payment still pending, 53 Cr is from assessment year 2008–09, ₹100 Cr from 2010 to 11, ₹100 Cr from 2011 to 12, ₹116.89 Cr of year 2012–13 from BCCI.[136] In 2014–15, the BCCI paid ₹864.78 Cr income tax by leaving outstanding tax of ₹462.52 Cr, which income tax department want from it, also demanded ₹400 Cr from FY 2015–16.[137]
The following table contains the information of BCCI's tax payment : [138]
| FY | Amount |
|---|
| 2013–14 | ₹50[139] or ₹100 Cr |
| 2014–15 | ₹864.78 Cr |
| 2017–18 | ₹596.21 Cr |
| 2018–19 | ₹815.08 Cr |
| 2019–20 | ₹882.29 Cr |
| 2020–21 | ₹844.92 Cr |
| 2021–22 | ₹1159 Cr |
| 2022–23 | ₹4000 Cr | |
Controversies
Conflicts of interest
India Cements-Chennai Super Kings owner and former president N. Srinivasan was criticised for his alleged biased behaviour towards some state boards by awarding them ODI, Test and T20I matches while in office, possibly in violation of the board's rotation policy on venues.[140] [141] [142]
During Srinivasan's tenure as treasurer in BCCI before he became the president, the board constitution was amended to facilitate him to buy an IPL franchise, through his company India Cements during the 2008 IPL team auction (An event held where 8 teams was sold through an open auction).[143] Srinivasan courted further controversy for appointing India national side's and Chennai Super Kings' (CSK) captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni as a vice-president of India Cements.[144] He also interfered in national team's selection, in 2012 ex BCCI selector Mohinder Amarnath revealed that selectors wanted to sack Dhoni from skipper post, after India lost 8 test in a row, including "disastrous series in Australia", they wanted to replace him, it was a unanimous decision by selectors, but Srinivasan didn't allow it to happen.[145] Srinivasan's son-in-law Gurunath Meiyappan, who was team principal of CSK, was arrested for involvement in Spot-fixing and betting. Then unrecognised state association by BCCI, the Bihar Cricket Association, filed a petition against it for mismanagement and conflict of interest in its investigation of 2013 IPL corruption scandal. In 2013, Mumbai police arrested the Indian cricket team's regular player S. Sreesanth, other players and IPL team owners of Chennai Super Kings and Rajasthan Royals for their dealings with the illegal betting industry.[146] In 2015, the Supreme Court appointed the Lodha Committee suspended Chennai Super Kings from the IPL for two years, and suspended Meiyappan from cricket activities for life.[147] In 2013, Rupa Gurunath—N Shrinivasan's daughter and Gurunath Meiyappan's wife—who was then president of Tamil Nadu Cricket Association, was found guilty of conflict of interest by the BCCI's ethics officer Justice D.K. Jain. In 2015, the Supreme Court of India barred Srinivasan from the BCCI for contesting elections due to his conflict of interests; the court also struck down the amendments of BCCI constitution that had allowed him to own and operate an IPL team. However he still owns the CSK franchise. In January 2015, Supreme court quashed BCCI's rule, which allowed its administrators to have financial interests in cash rich leagues such as Championship league, IPL etc. The court barred individuals including N Shrinivasan from BCCI election, who have financial interests in events organised by BCCI.[148]
The BCCI does not allow its contracted, non-contracted, national and domestic players to participate in any cricket leagues abroad. Only players who have retired from all formats of Indian cricket can take part in foreign leagues. Players such as Adam Gilchrist have questioned this policy. Indian players such as Suresh Raina and Robin Uthappa have urged the board to allow non-contracted players like them to participate in foreign leagues.[149] [150]
Tax evasions
BCCI has avoided paying taxes to the government on numerous occasions. One such instance was when it claimed itself to be a "charitable organisation", to avoid paying taxes and often disguises itself as a Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO).[151] In 2014, Ministry of finance revealed that, there were as many as 213 cases of tax evasions of BCCI/IPL from 2009–10 to 2014, involving 261.64 Cr rupees.[152] In the 2010s, almost every year the Income Tax Department demanded the 'outstanding income tax' from the BCCI (see details - Tax payment). Frequently till 2012, the board got exemptions for tax under the IT Act 1961 (section 11) but later Income tax department declared BCCI's earnings as commercial and listed them as business incomes.[153] During 2016 T20 world cup, Modi government gave them 10% exemption.[154] According to Deccan Herald's article on 19 December 2021, even though BCCI is one of the world's richest sports bodies and earns thousands of millions of rupees per year, it shows unwillingness to pay income taxes and finds loopholes in laws to avoid paying taxes.[155]
Politicians in the board
Politicians from multiple political parties have held positions within BCCI; Sharad Pawar of the Nationalist Congress Party, Madhavrao Scindia of the Indian National Congress and Anurag Thakur of Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) were BCCI presidents,, latter's brother Arun Singh Dhumal is the IPL chairman. Jay Shah, the son of the Home Minister of India Amit Shah, is BCCI's secretary. Rajiv Shukla of the Congress party is its vice-president, he is in BCCI continuously since 2000s and held various top positions, he was IPL president from 2011 to 2017.[156] Ashish Shelar of BJP is the treasurer.[157]
Lodha committee reform
The BCCI has been criticised for its monopolistic practices, and has suffered from allegations of corruption and cronyism. [158] Supreme Court of India appointed a committee to make reforms in BCCI, headed by justice R. M. Lodha, the Lodha committee suggested many reforms to the BCCI, but BCCI did not implemented them as a result Supreme court removed officials of the BCCI.[159] On 30 January 2017, The Supreme Court of India nominated a four-member 'Committee of Administrators' (COA) composed of Vinod Rai, Ramachandra Guha, Vikram Limaye and Diana Edulji to administer the BCCI to implement Lodha Committee's reforms.[160] Vinod Rai, a retired civil servant and the former Comptroller and Auditor General of India, led the committee, which administered the board until elections could be conducted.[161] [162] [163]
Many years BCCI consistently opposed to adhere regulations of the National Anti-Doping Agency, India (NADA). On 9 August 2019, it agreed to adhere the anti-doping mechanisms governed by the NADA.[164] [165]
Rebel league
The rebel league the Indian Cricket League (ICL) was owned and operated by Essel Group. BCCI banned Indian players who played in the ICL, including Hemang Badani, Dinesh Mongia, Rohan Gavaskar and Ambati Rayudu, but later gave amnesty to these players and lifted theirs bans after they ended their ties with the ICL.[166] [167] [168] The BCCI blacklisted Essel Group company Zee Entertainment Enterprises due to this league, and expelled it from the BCCI in 2021. Zee was prohibited from buying BCCI's media rights.[169] In 2006, the BCCI sold the Indian cricket team's media rights to Zee for the 2006-11 period but after Essel Group initiated the ICL, the BCCI terminated this deal. Zee fought a long legal battle with the BCCI; on 12 March 2018, a tribunal headed by three judges found BCCI guilty and asked them to pay Zee for losses. The tribunal found blacklisting of Zee by BCCI was illegal and said in judgement; "To us it seems that BCCI was exploiting its dominating position in respect of game of cricket in India" and also added Zee and its affiliated companies to the blacklist and banning them from participating in the BCCI bidding process was illegal.[170]
Virat Kohli sacking
In 2021 BCCI sacked Virat Kohli from ODI captaincy, then President Ganguly told media that the BCCI asked him to remain captain but Kohli was not interested. After which Kohli took a press conference and contradicted him (Ganguly), revealing that BCCI did not ask him to remain captain. In February 2023, in a sting operation of Zee News, then chief national selector Chetan Sharma, made shocking revelations, accusing Kohli of lying and in fact president Ganguly had told him to remain as captain, in a meeting in front of all the selectors. According to Sharma, Virat Kohli was considering himself bigger than BCCI and wanted to teach a lesson to the president of the BCCI. He also revealed that after Kohli resigned from T20 captaincy, BCCI decided to sack him from ODI captaincy as well because they did not want two separate captains for limited overs format.[171]
Sharma also alleged that lots of Indian players take injections to expedite their return in national team despite being 80 to 85% fit.[172] After few days he resigned from his post.[173]
Criticism of BCCI and National selection committee
BCCI and its selection committee are routinely slammed for irregularities in their selection process. Ideally, the national team's selectors should select players based upon their performance in all forms of domestic cricket but often a higher precedence is alleged to be given to the performance in the IPL, even in the selection of Test squads. This results in the de facto exclusion of players who regularly do well in domestic tournaments like the Ranji Trophy. In 2023 Sunil Gavaskar, Wasim Jaffer, Abhinav Mukund, media and many fans slammed BCCI for doing this, Gavaskar fumed said if you (BCCI-selectors) do not consider and choose best performers from Ranji trophy for India's Test team then stop organising it (Ranji trophy), then just organise IPL and select players from it.[174] [175] [176] [177] Former India skipper Sourav Ganguly also has raised questions on selection process, while talking about appointment of Ajinkya Rahane as Test team's vice-captain for the 2023 West Indies tour. Rahane was dropped from the Test team for 18 months, then BCCI selected him in the squad for the 2023 World test championship final, and after playing just one game they (BCCI) made him vice-captain of the Test team; Ganguly said there should be "consistency and continuity" in selection process, this is "difficult to understand". Some also claim that BCCI's selectors use different yard stick for different players, they usually select players by looking their stardom, big name, past performance rather than current.[178] [179] It is said that the selectors often choose players for national side by considering their one or two best innings in IPL, it seems awarding Indian cap (place in national team) has became[sic] an everydays affair. The position of the captain is also not fixed in the team, random players getting selected as captain, almost each bilateral series had new captain, it is evident by the fact that as of July 2022, the Indian team had 8 different people as captain in last 1 year, almost everyone who played in last 5 year for the team got opportunity to become national team's captain.[180] Venkatesh Prasad said "There is no consistency in selection random stuff happening too much."[181] Since last 2 to 3 years, BCCI consistently doing experiments with the national team (senior men's team), numerous players got selected, but majority of them never got chance to play consistently, as a result of this, there is uncertainty in the one day team, apart from 3-4 players, its not certain who will get selected and who will not (Specially for world cup 2023). It is said that due to BCCI's experiments since 2019 world cup, the team yet not settled, even though 2023 world cup is 2.5 months away. The players are also inconsistent in their performance.[182]
In July 2023, BCCI has faced heavy criticism on social media for not broadcasting domestic tournaments such Deodhar trophy, Duleep trophy etc. on TV.[183]
In popular culture
- The BCCI was featured in the Jersey, a 2019 Telugu language film in which the main protagonist Arjun (Nani) aspires to play for the India national cricket team and in the Ranji Trophy.[184]
- This organisation was mentioned in (2016) Bollywood film.
- The BCCI was a major talking point in comedian Hasan Minhaj's "Cricket Corruption" episode on the Patriot Act with Hasan Minhaj. In "Cricket Corruption", Minhaj claims that the growth of Indian cricket is suppressing cricket's inclusivity and accessibility to fledgling nations (these are referred to as "Associate Members" by the ICC). He even opines that the financial successes of the IPL have launched the BCCI to a position where they now transcend the ICC in global cricketing power and influence.[185]
- The BCCI was featured in Kabir Khan's 83 (2021), which is a Hindi-language sports drama film that chronicles India's against-all-odds victory in the 1983 Cricket World Cup. Albeit not by any means the central focus of the film, the BCCI are presented as an important organization in Indian cricket in supporting and promoting the game across the nation.
See also
External links
Notes and References
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