Maleng language explained

Maleng
Also Known As:	Pakatan
Nativename:	Bo
States:	Laos, Vietnam
Speakers:	3,700
Date:	2000–2007
Ref:	e18
Familycolor:	Austro-Asiatic
Fam2:	Vietic
Fam3:	Chutic
Dia1:	Atel
Dia2:	Thémarou
Dia3:	Arao
Dia4:	Makang
Dia5:	Malang
Dia6:	Maleng
Dia7:	Tơe
Lc1:	pkt
Ld1:	Pakatan
Lc2:	bgl
Ld2:	Bo
Glotto:	male1282
Glottoname:	Maleng
Glotto2:	bola1249
Glottoname2:	Bo-Maleng
Glottorefname2:	Bo-Maleng

Maleng (autonym: /malɛ̤ŋ²/), also known as Pakatan and Bo, is a Vietic language of Laos and Vietnam.

Maleng has the four-way register system of Thavung augmented with pitch.Sidwell, Paul. Vietic languages. Mon-Khmer Languages Project.

Malieng, despite having the same name as Maleng, is a dialect of Chut (Chamberlain 2003, Sidwell 2009).

Varieties

Maleng consists of three dialect clusters:^[1]

• Maleng (Mã Liềng); Kha Pakatan; Malang; Arem/Harème (Rivière 1902).^[2] Sub-varieties include Kha Muong Ben and Kha Bo (Fraisse 1950).^[3]
• Ma Lieng, also known as Pa Leng (Đặng Nghiêm Vạn et al. 1986)^[4]
• Kha Phong (formerly an exonym, but now also used as an autonym); Maleng Kari; Maleng Bro. Also known as Kha Nam Om (Fraisse 1949).^[5] The Kha Phong live in 2 to 3 villages in Laos, and in one village in Ha Tinh province, Vietnam. Strongly influenced by Lao. Maleng Bro was documented by Michel Ferlus in 1992 (see Ferlus 1997^[6]), and also by the 2012-2013 Russian-Vietnamese Linguistic Expedition.

Distribution

Maleng is spoken in the following villages of Laos and Vietnam.^[7]

• Khammouane province, Laos
  • Nậm Huay
  • Pung Kợt
  • Song Khon
  • Upper Nrong River
  • Xang Huay E An
• Quảng Bình province (500+ people) and Hà Tĩnh province (in Hương Khê district; 133 people in 2012), Vietnam^[1]
  • Hương Lâm
  • Hương Liên
  • Lâm Hóa

External links

• https://web.archive.org/web/20120321112336/http://cema.gov.vn/modules.php?name=Content&op=details&mid=493

Notes and References

1. Book: Babaev. Kirill. Samarina. Irina. Sidwell. Paul. 2021. A Grammar of May: An Austroasiatic Language of Vietnam. Brill. 978-9-00446-108-6. 12.
2. Rivière, Capitaine M. 1902. Vocabulaires Hang-Tcheh, Khas Xos, Harème. Mission Pavie, Géographie et voyages. IV. Paris: Ernest Leroux.
3. Fraisse, André. 1950. Les tribus Sèk et Kha de la province de Cammon (Laos). Bulletin de la Société des études indochinoises 25.3:333–348.
4. Đặng Nghiêm Vạn, Chu Thái Sơn, Lưu Hùng. 1986. Les ethnies minoritaires du Vietnam. Hanoi: Editions en langues étrangères.
5. Fraisse, André. 1949. Une civilisation de clairière au Laos: le Cammon. Annales de Géographie 58.310:158–161.
6. Ferlus, Michel. 1997. Le maleng brô et le vietnamien. Mon-Khmer Studies 27:55–66.
7. Babaev, Kirill Vladimirovich [Бабаев, Кирилл Владимирович]; Samarina, Irina Vladimirovna [Самарина, Ирина Владимировна]. 2019. Язык май. Материалы Российско-вьетнамской лингвистической экспедиции / Jazyk maj. Materialy Rossijsko-vetnamskoj lingvisticheskoj ekspeditsii. Moscow: Издательский Дом ЯСК. . . p.16.