Bluefish Caves Explained

Bluefish Caves
Map Type:Canada
Map Alt:Bluefish Caves
Map Size:240
Relief:yes
Coordinates:67.15°N -175°W
Location:Near the Vuntut Gwichin community, Old Crow
Region:Yukon, Canada
Built:24,000 BP (disputed)

Bluefish Caves is an archaeological site in Yukon, Canada, located 54km (34miles) southwest of the Vuntut Gwichin community of Old Crow.[1] It has been controversially suggested that human occupation dates to 24,000 years Before Present (BP) based on radiocarbon dating of animal remains,[2] but these dates are contested due to the uncertain stratigraphic context of the archaeological remains relative to the dated animal remains.[3] There are three small caves in the area.[4]

Context

Bluefish Cave was initially known to the local First Nations, but was popularized by a fishing expedition in 1976, and later by researchers. This site is made up of three small caves, ranging from 10to.[5] The first cave contains various animal bones that appear to have been dragged there by predators; findings of cut marks may point to a human presence.[6]

The Old Crow Flats, another important area with early human presence, are located about 75 km northeast of the Bluefish Caves.[7]

Dating

The site was excavated by archaeologist Jacques Cinq-Mars between 1977 and 1987, and the initial radiocarbon dating suggested an age of 24,000 before present (BP).[8] This was considered controversial as it was in contrast to the Clovis-First theory, widely accepted by academics at the time, which considered the earliest settlement date of North America to be around 13,000 BP.[9] A review of the site in 2017 found it to be 24,000 years old,[10] lending support to the "Beringian standstill" hypothesis — that the ancestors of Native Americans spent considerable time isolated in a Beringian refuge during the Last Glacial Maximum before populating the Americas.[11] A later paper questioned the dating (based on claimed disturbances) and the culturality of the faunal remains,[12] but support for the 2017 study was reiterated by the author of that report.[13]

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Burke, A., and J. Cinq-Mars, "Paleoethological Reconstruction and Taphonomy of Equus Lambei from the Bluefish Caves, Yukon Territory, Canada", Arctic, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 105–15, 1998
  2. Web site: Archaeological Find Puts Humans in North America 10,000 Years Earlier Than Thought. 2020-11-18. Hakai Magazine. en. 2021-01-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20210117032717/https://www.hakaimagazine.com/news/archaeological-find-puts-humans-north-america-10000-years-earlier-thought/. live.
  3. Potter . Ben A. . Chatters . James C. . Prentiss . Anna Marie . Fiedel . Stuart J. . Haynes . Gary . Kelly . Robert L. . Kilby . J. David . Lanoë . François . Holland-Lulewicz . Jacob . Miller . D. Shane . Morrow . Juliet E. . Perri . Angela R. . Rademaker . Kurt M. . Reuther . Joshua D. . Ritchison . Brandon T. . 2022-01-02 . Current Understanding of the Earliest Human Occupations in the Americas: Evaluation of Becerra-Valdivia and Higham (2020) . PaleoAmerica . en . 8 . 1 . 62–76 . 10.1080/20555563.2021.1978721 . 239834259 . 2055-5563.
  4. Heather Pringle (MARCH 8, 2017), What Happens When an Archaeologist Challenges Mainstream Scientific Thinking? -- The story of Jacques Cinq-Mars and the Bluefish Caves shows how toxic atmosphere can poison scientific progress. Hakai Magazine, SMITHSONIAN.COM
  5. Web site: Significance of the Bluefish Caves in Beringian Prehistory Essays Resources For Scholars Research Learn Canadian Museum of History. www.historymuseum.ca. 2017-01-11. 2017-01-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20170106003309/http://www.historymuseum.ca/learn/research/resources-for-scholars/essays/significance-of-the-bluefish-caves-in-beringian-prehistory/. live.
  6. Web site: New Thoughts on the Bones from Bluefish Caves - Archaeology Magazine. Saraceni. Jessica E.. www.archaeology.org. 2017-01-11. 2017-01-13. https://web.archive.org/web/20170113114334/http://www.archaeology.org/news/3011-150213-bluefish-caves-bones. live.
  7. J. Cinq-Mars (2001), On the significance of modified mammoth bones from eastern Beringia.
  8. Harington. CR. Cinq-Mars. J. 2008. Bluefish Caves- Fauna and Context. Beringian Research Notes. 19. 2017-01-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20181110031659/http://www.tc.gov.yk.ca/publications/Blue_Fish_Caves_2008.pdf. 2018-11-10. dead.
  9. Curry. Andrew. 2012-05-03. Ancient migration: Coming to America. Nature. 485. 7396. 30–32. 10.1038/485030a. 22552076. 2012Natur.485...30C. free.
  10. Bourgeon. Lauriane. Burke. Ariane. Higham. Thomas. 2017-01-06. Earliest Human Presence in North America Dated to the Last Glacial Maximum: New Radiocarbon Dates from Bluefish Caves, Canada. PLOS ONE. 12. 1. e0169486. 10.1371/journal.pone.0169486. 1932-6203. 5218561. 28060931. 2017PLoSO..1269486B. free.
  11. News: On Way to New World, First Americans Made a 10,000-Year Pit Stop. 2017-02-27. 2017-01-11. 2017-01-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20170119031856/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/04/140227-native-americans-beringia-bering-strait-pit-stop/. dead.
  12. Kathryn E. Krasinski and John C. Blong. 2020. "Unresolved Questions about Site Formation, Provenience, and the Impact of Natural Processes on Bone at the Bluefish Caves, Yukon Territory," Arctic Anthropology 57(1): 1 1-21. doi: 10.3368/aa.57.1.1
  13. LaurianeBourgeon. 2021. "Revisiting the Mammoth Bone Modifications from Bluefish Caves (YT, Canada)," Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 37, 102969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.102969

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