Blood type distribution by country explained

This list concerns blood type distribution between countries and regions. Blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood, based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids, depending on the blood group system.

ABO and Rh distribution by country

ABO and Rh blood type distribution by country & dependency (population averages)
Country/DependencyPopulation[1] O+ A+ B+ AB+ O− A− B− AB−
Albania[2] 3,074,579 34.1% 31.2% 14.5% 5.2% 6.0% 5.5% 2.6% 0.9%
Algeria[3] 43,576,691 40.0% 30.0% 15.0% 4.25% 6.6%2.3%1.1%0.75%
Argentina[4] 45,479,118 50.34% 31.09% 8.20% 2.16% 4.29%2.98%0.74%0.20%
Armenia[5] 3,021,324 29.0% 46.3% 12.0% 5.6% 2.0% 3.7% 1.0% 0.4%
Australia[6] 25,466,459 38.0% 32.0% 12.0% 4.0% 7.0% 6.0% 2.0% 1.0%
Austria[7] 8,859,449 30.0% 37.0% 12.0% 5.0% 6.0% 7.0% 2.0% 0.45%
Azerbaijan10,205,810 29.8% 30.0% 21.1% 9.0% 3.3% 3.4% 2.4% 1.0%
Bahrain1,505,003 48.48% 15.35% 22.61% 3.67% 3.27% 1.33% 1.04% 0.25%
Bangladesh[8] 164,098,818 29.21% 26.3% 33.12% 9.59% 0.53% 0.48% 0.6% 0.17%
Belarus9,441,842 32.3% 30.6% 15.3% 6.8% 5.7% 5.4% 2.7% 1.2%
Belgium[9] 11,720,716 38.0% 34.0% 8.5% 4.0% 7.0% 6.0% 1.5% 1.0%
Bhutan857,423 38.15% 29.45% 23.86% 8.41% 0.06% 0.04% 0.04% 0.01%
11,639,909 51.53% 20.45% 10.11% 1.15% 4.39% 2.73% 0.54% 0.1%
Bosnia and Herzegovina3,835,586 31.0% 36.0% 12.0% 6.0% 5.0% 7.0% 2.0% 1.0%
Brazil[10] 211,715,973 36.0% 34.0% 8.0% 2.5% 9.0% 8.0% 2.0% 0.5%
Bulgaria6,966,899 28.0% 37.4% 12.8% 6.8% 5.0% 6.6% 2.2% 1.2%
Burkina Faso[11] 21,382,659 39.94% 20.79% 26.34% 5.17% 3.36% 1.75% 2.22% 0.43%
Cambodia16,926,984 46.7% 27.2% 18.5% 4.9% 1.3% 0.8% 0.5% 0.1%
Cameroon[12] 27,744,989 46.83% 24.15% 21.06% 4.29% 1.79% 0.92% 0.8% 0.16%
Canada[13] 37,694,085 39.0% 36.0% 7.6% 2.5% 7.0% 6.0% 1.4% 0.5%
Chile[14] 18,186,770 55.01% 28.08% 8.02% 1.81% 4.19% 2.14% 0.61% 0.14%
Colombia[15] 49,084,84161.3% 21.11% 7.28% 1.47% 5.13%2.7%0.7%0.31%
Costa Rica[16] 5,097,988 49.7% 28.5% 12.4% 3.0% 3.4% 1.9% 0.9% 0.2%
Croatia4,227,746 29.0% 36.0% 15.0% 5.0% 5.0% 6.0% 3.0% 1.0%
Cuba11,059,062 45.8% 33.5% 10.2% 2.9% 3.6% 2.8% 1.0% 0.2%
Cyprus[17] 1,266,676 35.22% 40.35% 11.11% 4.72% 3.85% 3.48% 0.87% 0.40%
Czech Republic[18] 10,702,498 27.0% 36.0% 15.0% 7.0% 5.0% 6.0% 3.0% 1.0%
101,780,263 59.5% 21.3% 15.2% 2.4% 1.0% 0.3% 0.2% 0.1%
Denmark[19] 5,869,410 35.0% 37.0% 8.0% 4.0% 6.0% 7.0% 2.0% 1.0%
Dominican Republic10,499,707 47.2% 26.4% 16.9% 2.1% 3.7% 2.1% 1.4% 0.2%
Ecuador16,904,867 75.0% 14.0% 7.1% 0.5% 2.38% 0.7% 0.3% 0.02%
Egypt[20] 104,124,440 36.44% 33.94% 20.96% 8.65% n/a n/a n/a n/a
El Salvador[21] 6,481,102 62.0% 23.0% 11.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.7% 0.3%
Estonia[22] 1,228,624 29.5% 30.8% 20.7% 6.3%4.3% 4.5% 3.0% 0.9%
Ethiopia108,113,150 39.0% 28.0% 21.0% 5.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 1.0%
Fiji935,974 43.0% 33.3% 16.5% 4.8% 1.0%0.7%0.5%0.2%
Finland[23] 5,571,665 28.0% 35.0% 16.0% 7.0% 5.0% 6.0% 2.0% 1.0%
France[24] 67,848,156 36.5% 38.2% 7.7% 2.5%6.5% 6.8% 1.4% 0.4%
Gabon[25] 2,284,912 57.55% 20.52% 17.19% 2.54% 1.35% 0.48% 0.41% 0.06%
Georgia[26] 4,933,674 34.8% 32.3% 11.9% 6.0% 6.2% 5.7% 2.1% 0.5%
Germany[27] 80,159,662 35.0% 37.0% 9.0% 4.0% 6.0% 6.0% 2.0% 1.0%
Ghana29,340,248 53.8% 17.6% 18.3% 2.8% 4.5% 1.3% 1.3% 0.2%
Greece10,607,051 37.8% 32.2% 11.0% 4.0% 6.6% 5.7% 2.0% 0.7%
Guinea12,527,440 46.88% 21.64% 22.86% 4.52% 2.0% 0.9% 1.0% 0.2%
Honduras9,235,340 57.5% 25.0% 7.8% 2.5% 2.7% 1.7% 0.6% 0.2%
Hong Kong7,249,907 42.8% 25.5% 25.8% 5.9% 0.7% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1%
Hungary9,771,827 27.0% 33.0% 16.0% 8.0% 5.0% 7.0% 3.0% 1.0%
Iceland[28] 350,734 46.8% 27.2% 9.0% 2.0% 8.2% 4.8%1.6%0.4%
India[29] 1,339,330,514 32.53% 21.80% 32.10% 7.70% 2.03%1.36%2.00%0.48%
Indonesia267,026,366 36.82% 25.87% 28.85% 7.96% 0.18% 0.13% 0.15% 0.04%
84,923,314 36.5% 27.0% 22.2% 4.0% 5.0% 2.0% 2.5% 0.8%
Iraq38,872,655 32.1% 25.0% 25.6% 7.4% 3.6% 2.7% 2.7% 0.9%
Ireland[30] 5,176,569 47.0% 26.0% 9.0% 2.0% 8.0% 5.0% 2.0%1.0%
Israel[31] 8,675,475 32.0% 34.0% 17.0% 7.0% 3.0% 4.0% 2.0% 1.0%
Italy62,402,659 39.0% 36.0% 7.5% 2.5% 7.0% 6.0% 1.5% 0.5%
[32] 28,088,455 47.24% 20.19% 21.7% 3.82% 3.73% 1.54% 1.48% 0.3%
Jamaica[33] 2,808,570 51.1% 20.0% 20.0% 1.9% 3.5% 2.0% 1.0% 0.5%
Japan[34] 125,507,472 29.9% 39.8% 19.9% 9.9% 0.15% 0.2% 0.1% 0.05%
Jordan[35] 10,909,567 33.03% 32.86% 16.56% 6.28% 4.4% 3.97% 2.06% 0.04%
Kazakhstan19,091,949 30.7% 29.8% 24.2% 8.3% 2.3% 2.2% 1.8% 0.4%
Kenya53,527,936 45.6% 25.2% 21.28% 4.2% 1.8% 1.0% 0.9% 0.02%
[36] 7,574,356 37.52% 19.73% 35.36% 6.85% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.05%
Latvia1,881,232 30.6% 31.0% 17.0% 6.0% 5.4% 6.0% 3.0% 1.0%
Lebanon5,469,612 38.4% 32.3% 9.5% 3.2% 7.7% 6.5% 1.7% 0.7%
Libya6,890,535 42.64% 20.86% 11.19% 4.5% 7.26% 3.24% 1.64% 0.67%
Liechtenstein39,137 34.0% 37.0% 10.0% 4.0% 6.0% 6.5% 1.8% 0.7%
Lithuania2,731,464 36.0% 33.0% 11.0% 4.0% 7.0% 6.0% 2.0% 0.7%
Luxembourg[37] 628,381 35.0% 37.0% 9.0% 4.0% 6.0% 6.0% 2.0% 1.0%
Macao614,458 41.5% 26.1% 25.4% 6.3% 0.33% 0.09% 0.17% 0.05%
Malaysia32,652,083 34.32% 30.35% 27.37% 7.46% 0.17% 0.15% 0.14% 0.04%
Malta457,267 38.0% 41.0% 7.0% 3.0% 5.0% 4.5% 1.0% 0.5%
Mauritania[38] 4,005,475 46.3% 26.68% 17.47% 3.85% 2.8% 1.6% 1.1% 0.2%
Mauritius1,379,365 38.3% 26.0% 25.0% 6.7% 1.7% 1.0% 1.0% 0.3%
Mexico[39] 128,649,565 59.09% 26.23% 8.53% 1.73% 2.73% 1.21% 0.40% 0.08%
[40] 3,364,496 28.5% 31.8% 17.6% 7.0% 5.0% 6.0% 3.0% 1.1%
Mongolia[41] 3,198,913 36.4% 29.2% 8.1% % 13.3% 8.0% 2.0% 0.01%
Morocco35,561,654 42.3% 30.8% 14.0% 4.0% 4.5% 3.1% 1.5% 0.4%
Myanmar56,590,071 35.7% 23.8% 32.7% 6.95% 0.3%0.2%0.3%0.05%
Namibia[42] 2,678,191 50.58% 20.49% 20.21% 1.02% 4.22% 1.71% 1.69% 0.08%
Nepal30,327,877 35.2% 36.3% 27.1% 2.6% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1%
Netherlands[43] 17,280,397 38.2% 36.6% 7.7% 2.5% 6.8% 6.4% 1.3% 0.5%
New Zealand[44] 4,925,477 39.0% 31.0% 10.0% 2.0% 10.9% 6.0% 1.0% 0.1%
Nicaragua[45] 6,243,931 62.0% 20.0% 11.0% 4.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.7% 0.3%
Nigeria[46] 219,463,862 50.23% 21.61% 19.59% 3.47% 2.7% 1.16% 1.05% 0.19%
25,643,466 27.15% 31.08% 30.15% 11.32% 0.08% 0.1% 0.1% 0.03%
2,125,971 30.0% 34.0% 15.0% 6.0% 5.0% 6.0% 3.0% 1.0%
Norway[47] 5,467,439 33.2% 41.6% 6.8% 3.4% 5.8% 7.4% 1.2% 0.6%
Pakistan238,181,034 30.04% 21.53% 30.24% 8.83% 3.1% 2.22% 3.13% 0.91%
Papua New Guinea7,259,456 55.7% 32.2% 9.6% 2.1% 1.8%0.5%0.2%0.1%
Paraguay[48] 7,272,639 63.07% 21.32% 4.72% 1.38% 5.89% 2.97% 0.49% 0.15%
Peru[49] 31,914,989 70.0% 18.4% 7.8% 1.6% 1.4% 0.5% 0.28% 0.02%
Philippines[50] 109,180,815 45.9% 22.9% 24.9% 5.97% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.03%
Poland[51] 38,282,325 31.0% 32.0% 15.0% 7.0% 6.0% 6.0% 2.0% 1.0%
Portugal[52] 10,302,674 36.2% 39.8% 6.6% 2.9% 6.1% 6.8% 1.1% 0.5%
1,397,897,720 34.0% 27.6% 28.9% 8.4% 0.4% 0.25% 0.2% 0.15%
Romania[53] 21,230,362 28.0% 37.0% 14.0% 7.0% 5.0% 6.0% 2.0% 1.0%
[54] 145,478,097 36.0% 31.0% 19.0% 2.1% 6.0% 4.0% 1.0% 0.9%
Saudi Arabia[55] 34,173,498 47.8% 16.0% 17.9% 4.0% 4.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.3%
Serbia7,012,165 31.92% 35.28% 12.6% 4.2% 6.08% 6.72% 2.4% 0.8%
Singapore[56] 6,209,660 44.7% 23.9% 24.5% 5.6% 0.6% 0.3% 0.3% 0.1%
Slovakia[57] 5,440,602 27.2% 35.7% 15.3% 6.8% 4.8% 6.3% 2.7% 1.2%
Slovenia2,102,678 31.0% 33.0% 12.0% 6.0% 7.0% 7.0% 3.0% 1.0%
Somalia[58] 12,094,640 52.8% 19.36% 12.32% 3.52% 7.2% 2.64% 1.68% 0.48%
South Africa[59] 56,463,617 39.0% 32.0% 12.0% 3.0% 6.0% 5.0% 2.0% 1.0%
[60] 51,835,110 29% 32% 31% 8% 0.19% 0.1% 0.1% 0.01%
Sri Lanka[61] 23,044,123 43.42% 21.0% 25.78% 5.13% 2.12% 1.04% 1.25% 0.26%
Spain[62] 50,015,792 35.0% 36.0% 8.0% 2.5% 9.0% 7.0% 2.0% 0.5%
Sudan45,561,556 48.0% 27.7% 15.2% 2.3% 3.5% 1.8% 0.8% 0.2%
Sweden[63] 10,202,491 32.0% 37.0% 10.0% 5.0% 6.0% 7.0% 2.0% 1.0%
Switzerland[64] 8,403,994 35.0% 38.0% 8.0% 4.0% 6.9% 7.0% 1.0% 0.1%
19,398,448 43.0% 30.0% 14.0% 3.7% 5.0%3.0%1.0%0.3%
23,603,049 43.9% 25.9% 23.9% 6.0% 0.28% 0.01% 0.01% 0.01%
Thailand68,977,400 40.8% 16.9% 36.8% 4.97% 0.2%0.1%0.2%0.03%
Tunisia[65] 11,811,335 41.86% 28.21% 16.38% 4.55% 4.14% 2.79% 1.62% 0.45%
Turkey[66] 82,017,514 29.4% 38.3% 13.2% 6.4% 4.4% 5.5% 2.1% 0.7%
Uganda[67] 44,712,143 49.29% 24.11% 20.29% 4.41% 1.01% 0.49% 0.41% 0.09%
Ukraine43,922,939 32.0% 34.0% 15.0% 5.0% 5.0% 6.0% 2.0% 1.0%
United Arab Emirates9,992,083 44.1% 21.9% 20.9% 4.3% 4.3% 2.1% 2.0% 0.4%
United Kingdom[68] 66,971,395 35%30% 8% 2% 13%5% 2% 1%
United States[69] 334,998,398 37.4% 35.7% 8.5% 3.4% 9.8% 4.1% 1.5% 0.6%
Uzbekistan[70] 30,842,796 29.42% 30.93% 24.98% 9.27% 1.68% 1.77% 1.42% 0.53%
[71] 28,644,603 58.3% 28.2% 5.6% 1.9% 4.0%1.5%0.4%0.1%
98,721,27541.7% 20.9% 30.8% 4.98% 0.3% 0.1% 0.2% 0.02%
Yemen29,884,405 47.84% 27.5% 15.32% 2.14% 3.66% 2.1% 1.17% 0.16%
Zimbabwe14,546,314 36.4% 29.3% 8.1% 2.0% 14.1% 8.1% 2.0% 0.01%
World[72] 7,772,850,805 38.4% 27.3% 8.1% 2.0% 14.1% 8.1% 2.0% 0.01%
Ethnic distribution of ABO (without Rh) blood types[73]
width=200 People groupwidth=70 O (%)width=70 A (%)width=70 B (%)width=70 AB (%)
Australian Aboriginals3900
Abyssinians4327255
Ainu (Japan)17323218
Albanians3843136
Great Andamanese92012
Arabs3431296
Armenians31136
Asian Americans4028275
Austrians3644136
Bantus4630195
Basques514441
Belgians474283
Bororo (Brazil)000
Brazilians474193
Bulgarians3244158
Bamar people3624337
Buryats (Siberia)3321388
Bushmen3492
Chinese-Canton4723254
Chinese-Ningbo3532259
Chinese-Yangzhou3132277
Chinese-Peking29273213
Chuvash3029337
Croats3442177
Czechs3044189
Danes4144114
Dutch454393
Egyptians3336248
English474193
Inuit (Alaska)3844135
Inuit (Greenland)36235
Estonians3436238
Fijians4434176
Finns3441187
French434773
Georgians4637124
Germans4143115
Greeks4438145
Romani people (Hungary)29273510
Hawaiians3721
Hindus (Bombay)32292811
Hungarians3643198
Icelanders32103
nowrap Indians (India)3722337
nowrap Native Americans (US)1641
Irish35101
Italians (Milan)4641113
Japanese30382210
Jews (Germany)4241125
Jews (Poland)3341188
Kalmyks26234111
Kikuyu (Kenya)19201
Koreans2832319
Sami people2944
Latvians3237247
Lithuanians4034206
Malays18200
Māori4610
Mayans111
Moros16200
Navajo Indians2700
Nicobarese9151
Norwegians3984
Papuans (New Guinea)4127239
Persians3833227
Peruvian Indians000
Filipinos4522276
Poles3339209
Portuguese3584
Romanians3343168
Russians3336238
Sardinians26195
Scots34123
Serbs3842165
Shompen Nicobarese000
Slovaks3742165
South Africans4540114
Spanish3847105
Sudanese16210
Swedish3645127
Swiss3893
Tatars28302913
Thais3221369
Turks4333196
Ukrainians3740186
African Americans4927204
White Americans4540114
Vietnamese4222305

Blood group B has its highest frequency in the Middle East, where it ranks as the largest share of the population. In Southeast Asia its share of the population is lowest, especially in Indonesia, secondarily in East Asia, Northern Asia and neighboring Central Asia, and its incidence diminishes both towards the east and the west, falling to single-digit percentages in Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Switzerland.[74] [75] It is believed to have been entirely absent from Native American and Australian Aboriginal populations prior to the arrival of Europeans in those areas.[76]

Blood group A is associated with high frequencies in Europe, especially in Scandinavia and Central Europe, although its highest frequencies occur in some Australian Aboriginal populations and the Blackfoot Indians of Montana, US.[77] [78]

Maps of ABO alleles among native populations

In the ABO blood group system, there are three alleles: i, IA, and IB. As both IA and IB are dominant over i, only ii people have type O blood. Individuals with IAIA or IAi have type A blood, and individuals with IBIB or IBi have type B. Those with IAIB have type AB.

See also

Notes and References

  1. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/population/ CIA World Factbook
  2. Web site: Dhuroni gjak/ Donate blood, Kryqi Kuq Shqiptar/Albanian Red Cross . 26 April 2015 . 2020-08-28.
  3. Web site: اعتماد سجلات آلية لإحصاء الزمر النادرة. Adopting automatic registers to count rare groups. 14 October 2019. ennaharononline.com. ar.
  4. Análisis de la participación del componente indígena en una muestra hospitalaria de la ciudad de Buenos Aires . 1999. Revista Argentina de Antropología Biológica. 2. 211–226. es . Avena . Sergio . Goicoechea . Alicia S. . Rey . Jorge A. . Agosti . Juan C. . Carnese . Francisco R. .
  5. Web site: Study of Blood Immunogenetical Markers in Armenian Population. 1989.
  6. Web site: About Blood Types. Australian Red Cross Lifeblood.
  7. Web site: Austrian Red Cross - Blood Donor Information . Old.roteskreuz.at . 2006-03-21 . 2010-11-19 . 15 August 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110815194118/http://www.roteskreuz.at/blutspende/blut-im-detail/wissenswertes-ueber-blut/blutgruppen/ . dead .
  8. Dewan . Gourab . Comparative frequency and allelic distribution of ABO and Rh (D) blood groups of major tribal communities of southern Bangladesh with general population and their determinants . Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics . April 2015 . 16 . 2 . 141–147 . 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2015.01.002 . free.
  9. Web site: Hebt u bloedgroep A-negatief? . 2022-08-11 .
  10. http://www.hemoam.org.br/?secao=sangue_tipos Tipos Sanguíneos
  11. 30447055. 2019. Sawadogo. S.. Nebie. K.. Millogo. T.. Kafando. E.. Sawadogo. A. G.. Dahourou. H.. Traore. F.. Ouattara. S.. Ouedraogo. O.. Kienou. K.. Dieudonné. Y. Y.. Deneys. V.. Distribution of ABO and RHD blood group antigens in blood donors in Burkina Faso. International Journal of Immunogenetics. 46. 1. 1–6. 10.1111/iji.12408. 53568223. free.
  12. Phenotypic and allelic distribution of the ABO and Rhesus (D) blood groups in the Cameroonian population. 24628906. 31 May 2021 . 2014. Ndoula. S. T.. Noubiap. J. J.. Nansseu. J. R.. Wonkam. A.. International Journal of Immunogenetics. 41. 3. 206–210. 10.1111/iji.12114. 10356243.
  13. Web site: Canadian Blood Services - Société canadienne du sang . Types & Rh System, Canadian Blood Services . 2010-11-19.
  14. Gradiente sociogenético en la población chilena / A socio-genetic gradient in chilean population . April 1987. Revista Médica de Chile. 115. 295–9. es . Valenzuela . Carlos . Acuña . Mónica P. . Harb . D. . Zuraiya . A. .
  15. Beltrán M. . Ayala M. . Jara J.. Biomédica, Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud, 1999 . Donor Blood Groups and Rh Factor Frequencies, Colombia 1996 . Biomédica . March 1999 . 19 . 1 . 39–44 . 10.7705/biomedica.v19i1.1006 . 2020-08-10. free .
  16. Web site: Incidencia de grupos Sanguíneos y Factor Rho en Costa Rica. Dr. Rodolfo Brenes C.. 1978. es. Centro Nacional de Rehabilitación CCSS. 2020-07-16.
  17. http://www.aimodosia.gov.cy/moh/blood/blood.nsf/All/F95D9FA361B9D4A4C2257F4100434141 - ΚENTΡΟ ΑΙΜΑΤΟΣ
  18. Web site: Czech Red Cross. Podíl krevních skupin v populaci České republiky. 2011-03-18. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090624015829/http://www.cckpraha1.cz/krev.htm. 24 June 2009.
  19. https://givblod.dk/fakta-om-blod/blodtyper/ Frequency of major blood groups in the Danish population.
  20. ABO blood grouping in Egyptian children with rotavirus gastroenteritis . 2017 . 5672705 . Elnady . H. G. . Abdel Samie . O. M. . Saleh . M. T. . Sherif . L. S. . Abdalmoneam . N. . Kholoussi . N. M. . Kholoussi . S. M. . El-Taweel . A. N. . Przeglad Gastroenterologiczny . 12 . 3 . 175–180 . 10.5114/pg.2017.70469 . 29123577 .
  21. Web site: ¿Por qué donar Sangre? ¡Para Salvar Vidas! . Why donate blood? to save lives! . Cruz Roja Salvadoreña . 2017-11-23 . es . https://web.archive.org/web/20170915160828/http://www.cruzrojasal.org.sv/seccion-es.php?seccion=2&cat=18%2F . 15 September 2017 . dead . dmy-all .
  22. Web site: Veregruppidest . Blood groups . verekeskus.ee . 2017-11-23 . et .
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  74. Book: Selected contributions to the literature of blood groups and immunology. 1971 v. 4 . Blood Transfusion Division, United States Army Medical Research Laboratory . 1971 . United States Army Medical Research Laboratory, Fort Knox, Kentucky . ... In northern India, in Southern and Central China and in the neighboring Central Asiatic areas, we find the highest known frequencies of B. If we leave this center, the frequency of the B gene decreases almost everywhere ....
  75. Book: The New Encyclopædia Britannica . 2002 . Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. . 978-0-85229-787-2 . ... The maximum frequency of the B gene occurs in Central Asia and northern India. The B gene was probably absent from Native Americans and Australian Aboriginal people before racial admixture occurred with the coming of the white man ....
  76. Book: Anthropology . Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember . 1973 . Appleton-Century-Crofts . 9780390290007. ... Blood type B is completely absent in most North and South American Indians ....
  77. Book: Dean . Laura . Blood group antigens are surface markers on the red blood cell membrane . National Center for Biotechnology Information (US) . en . 2005 . Blood Type A: Central and Eastern Europe. Type A is common in Central and Eastern Europe. In countries such as Austria, Denmark, Norway, and Switzerland, about 45–50% of the population have this blood type, whereas about 40% of Poles and Ukrainians do so. The highest frequencies are found in small, unrelated populations. For example, about 80% of the Blackfoot Indians of Montana have blood type A ....
  78. Book: Technical Monograph No. 2: The ABO Blood Group System and ABO Subgroups . March 2005 . Biotec . ... The frequency of blood group A is quite high (25–55%) in Europe, especially in Scandinavia and parts of central Europe. High group A frequency is also found in the Aboriginal people of South Australia (up to 45%) and in certain American Indian tribes where the frequency reaches 35% ... . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070206095952/http://www.biotec.com/pdf/Technical%20Monograph%20No.%202%20-%20ABO%20system%20and%20subgroups.pdf . 6 February 2007 . dmy-all .

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