Blackwell Island Light Explained

Coordinates:40.7728°N -73.9402°W
Yearbuilt:1872
Yearlit:1872
Foundation:stone
Construction:stone
Shape:octagonal tower
Height:ca.
Module:
Embed:yes
Lighthouse
Designated Other1:New York State Register of Historic Places
Designated Other1 Abbr:NYSRHP
Designated Other1 Date:June 23, 1980
Designated Other1 Number:06101.000500
Designated Other1 Num Position:bottom
Designated Other2 Name:New York City Landmark
Designated Other2 Date:March 23, 1976
Designated Other2 Abbr:NYCL
Designated Other2 Number:0911
Designated Other2 Link:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission
Designated Other2 Color:
  1. ffe978
Added:March 16, 1972
Area:less than one acre
Refnum:72000876

Blackwell Island Lighthouse, now known as Roosevelt Island Lighthouse, also was known as Welfare Island Lighthouse, is a stone lighthouse built by the government of New York City in 1872.[1] [2] [3] [4] It is within Lighthouse Park at the northern tip of Roosevelt Island in the East River. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places on March 16, 1972 and was designated a New York City Landmark on March 23, 1976.[3]

History

Blackwell Island (known as Welfare Island from 1921 to 1973; now Roosevelt Island) is located in the middle of the East River, within the modern borough of Manhattan. The island was purchased by the city government in 1828. Various facilities on the island were built including a penitentiary, almshouse, city hospital, the New York Lunatic Asylum, and the Smallpox Hospital.[5]

In 1872, the City of New York built a lighthouse. The supervising architect was James Renwick Jr., who also designed several other buildings on the island for the Charities and Correction Board as well as more famous works such as St. Patrick's Cathedral.[2] [3] [4]

Legends abound about the construction of the lighthouse. Two names, John McCarthy and Thomas Maxey, are associated with the various legends. The 1870 report of the warden of the lunatic asylum indicated that an industrious patient had built a seawall near the Asylum that had reclaimed land. The legends indicate that an inmate of the asylum built a fort to defend the island against a British invasion that he feared. Some versions indicate that he had incorporated Civil War cannons. The legend indicates that the builder was bribed with bogus money to demolish the fort for the construction of the lighthouse. Other stories indicate that an Asylum inmate constructed the lighthouse.[2] [3] [4] For many years, a saying was inscribed on a stone near the lighthouse:[1] [2] [3] [4] [6]

The lighthouse was operated by the City instead of the U.S. Lighthouse Board. In its 1893 annual report, the Lighthouse Board generally praised the operations of Blackwell Island Lighthouse, but indicated that the Board had been unfairly criticized because of the City's occasional failure to keep the light in operation. The Board advocated banning private lights.[7] The 1917 U.S. Coast Pilot indicated that there was a private light at the north end of the island.[8]

The light was operated until about 1940.[2] [6] In the 1970s, the lighthouse was partially restored. The restoration was completed in 1998.[2] A second restoration project commenced in 2021 which changed the design of the lantern and lamp bell on the roof as well as a working decorative lens. The project was completed in 2022 to coincide with the lighthouse's 150th anniversary. [9]

Architecture

The lighthouse is approximately tall. It is constructed of gray gneiss, rough ashlar that was quarried on the island by inmates from the penitentiary. It has an octagonal base and an octagonal shaft. There is an entrance on the south side under a projecting gable and a pointed Gothic arch. Two south-facing slit windows in the shaft light the interior. At the top of the shaft there is a band of ornamented corbels below the gallery, which is surrounded by an iron railing. The lantern is octagonal with a shallow conical roof. An 1893 photograph[10] and a 1903 movie[11] show that it probably had a much taller, steeper conical cap when it was built. The optics were provided by the U.S. Lighthouse Board.[6]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: National Register of Historic Places Registration: Lighthouse. June 15, 1971. October 17, 2009. Ellen Rosenbrock. Ellen Kramer. Allen Burnham. New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. September 15, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120915055115/http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=4877. dead. See also: Web site: Accompanying two photos, from 1970 . October 19, 2009 . September 15, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120915055135/http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=4875 . dead .
  2. Web site: Blackwell Island, NY . New York Lighthouses . Lighthousefriends.com . October 17, 2009 .
  3. Web site: Landmarks Preservation Committee . New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission . LIGHTHOUSE, Roosevelt Island . New York City Landmarks Preservation Committee . March 23, 1976 . October 17, 2009 . March 11, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100311033933/http://www.neighborhoodpreservationcenter.org/db/bb_files/LIGHTHOUSE-ROOSEVELT-IS.pdf . dead .
  4. Web site: Lighthouse . Roosevelt Island Historical Society . June 23, 2006 . October 17, 2009.
  5. Web site: Timeline of Island History . Roosevelt Island . nyc10044.com . October 18, 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090517003017/http://nyc10044.com/timeln/timeline.html . May 17, 2009 .
  6. Book: Berdy, Judith . Roosevelt Island Historical Society . Roosevelt Island . Arcadia Publishing . 2003 . Charleston, South Carolina . 43, 53–54 . 0-7385-1238-9.
  7. Book: U. S. Light-House Board . United States Lighthouse Board . Annual Report of the Light-House Board . Government Printing Office . 1893 . Washington, D.C. . 24 . blackwell island Light-House Board. .
  8. Book: Department of Commerce . United States Coast Pilot: Point Judith to New York . Government Printing Office . 1917 . Washington, D.C. . 6th . 167 .
  9. Web site: davidstone1313 . A Headless Roosevelt Island Lighthouse... Is It Still a Lighthouse? — Roosevelt Island, New York, Daily News . 2023-02-03 . rooseveltislanddaily.news . en-US.
  10. Web site: Lighthouse . Roosevelt Island Historical Walk . correctionhistory.org . October 17, 2009 .
  11. Web site: Thomas A. Edison, Inc.. Edison Studios. Panorama of Blackwell Island, N.Y.. 1903 . October 17, 2009.