Blackbird Creek (Delaware) Explained

Blackbird Creek
Name Other:Tributary to Delaware Bay
Image Alt:Picture of Blackbird Creek at Blackbird Creek Reserve
Map Size:180
Map Alt:Map of the confluence of Blackbird Creek and Delaware Bay
Pushpin Map:Delaware#USA
Pushpin Map Size:180
Pushpin Map Alt:Location of the confluence of Blackbird Creek and Delaware Bay
Subdivision Type1:Country
Subdivision Name1:United States
Subdivision Type2:State
Subdivision Name2:Delaware
Subdivision Type3:County
Subdivision Name3:New Castle
Subdivision Type4:City
Subdivision Name4:Townsend
Length:16.28miles[1]
Source1:On the watershed divide between Blackbird Creek and the Chester River
Source1 Location:Dexter Corners, Delaware
Source1 Coordinates:39.3236°N -75.6961°W[2]
Source1 Elevation:75feet[3]
Mouth:2 miles north of Taylors Bridge, Delaware
Mouth Location:Taylors Bridge, Delaware
Mouth Coordinates:39.4386°N -75.5742°W
Mouth Elevation:0feet
Progression:Delaware BayAtlantic Ocean
River System:Delaware River
Basin Size:8,022 ha[4]
Tributaries Left:Barlow Branch
Herring Run
Beaver Branch
Tributaries Right:Sandom Branch
Fishing Creek
Mill Creek
Gravel Gut
Waterbodies:Blackbird Pond
Bridges:Greenspring Road
Oliver Guessford Road
Railroad Crossing
Blackbird Station Road
US 13
Blackbird Landing Road
DE 9

Blackbird Creek is a 16.9adj=midNaNadj=mid[5] river in northern Delaware in the United States.

Course

Blackbird Creek Reserve is on the Delaware Bayshore Byway and includes trails, pavilion and canoe/kayak launch. The reserve boasts several miles of trails through uplands and along the marsh, restoration demonstration areas as well as a variety of programs and volunteer opportunities for the community, teachers, students, and families.[6] Blackbird Creek rises in two branches both north and south of Dexter Corners in southern New Castle County, Delaware and flows generally northeast in a meandering course. The northerly branch is contained within Blackbird State Forest, while the southerly branch arises in a swampy wooded buffer in farmland. Both branches join just upstream of Blackbird Pond, which is southwest of the village of Blackbird, Delaware. Just downstream of Blackbird Pond and upstream of US 13, Barlow Branch enters from the left (north). Downstream of US 13, Sandom Branch enters from the right (south) and a little further downstream, Blackbird Creek becomes subject to tidal influence and widens considerably.

Upstream of Blackbird Landing Road, Herring Run enters from the left (north) in an area of freshwater tidal marsh. Downstream of Blackbird Landing Road, another tributary, Beaver Branch, enters from the left (north). Near the mouth of Blackbird Creek, three tidal tributaries enter from the right (south) and include Fishing Creek, Mill Creek, and Gravel Gut. The mouth of Blackbird Creek is located at the north end of Delaware Bay approximately south of the mouth of the Appoquinimink River and approximately north of Taylors Bridge.[7]

Watershed

Blackbird Creek watershed is largely forested and rural. Near its mouth, it is surrounded by extensive salt marshes, with extensive populations of saltmarsh cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) and common reed (Phragmites australis). The lower river upstream from Delaware State Highway 9 is protected as part of the Delaware National Estuarine Research Reserve, along with portions of the lower Appoquinimink. Blackbird State Forest covers large areas of the headwaters.[8] One small village, Blackbird, is located totally within the watershed, while the city of Townsend is on the northern edge.

River Modifications

Blackbird Pond, a former millpond,[9] is the only dam present on Blackbird Creek.

The damming of this creek was the subject of the 1829 Supreme Court case that gave rise to the theory of the Dormant Commerce Clause.

Natural History

The Blackbird Creek watershed is a focus area in Delaware for “Delmarva Bays”, which are undrained depression deposits that may or may not have a sandy rim.[10] These “bays” have fluctuating hydrology that provide breeding sites for amphibians and habitat for a number of rare plants. Larger versions are generally called “Carolina Bays.”

Geology

Blackbird Creek is located in the High Coastal Plain that originates from glacial outwash of continental deposits (Columbia Formation).[11] The headwaters of Blackbird Creek are located in an area of undrained depression deposits of the Columbia Formation.[12] The northeasterly course of Blackbird Creek takes it through the Lynch Heights Formation, Scotts Corners Formation, and into marsh deposits forming steep valleys along the way.[13]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: ArcGIS Web Application . epa.maps.arcgis.com . US EPA . 30 July 2019.
  2. Web site: GNIS Detail - Blackbird Creek . geonames.usgs.gov . 19 May 2019.
  3. Web site: Blackbird Creek Topo Map, New Castle County DE (Taylors Bridge Area) . TopoZone . Locality, LLC . 30 July 2019 . en.
  4. Web site: Blackbird Creek Watershed Proposed TMDLs . Hydroqual Environmental Engineers & Scientists . 19 May 2019.
  5. U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map, accessed April 1, 2011
  6. https://dnrec.delaware.gov/coastal-programs/research-reserve/blackbird-creek/
  7. Web site: Blackbird Creek Topo Map, New Castle County DE (Taylors Bridge Area) . TopoZone . Locality, LLC . 23 May 2019 . en.
  8. Web site: Blackbird State Forest Map . Blackbird State Forest . Delaware Department of Agriculture . 22 May 2019.
  9. Web site: Scharf . John Thomas . History of Delaware : 1609-1888: Local history . Google Books . 23 May 2019 . English.
  10. Web site: Dugan . Bailey L. . Neimeister . Mark P. . Andres . A. Scott . Open File Report No. 49--Hydrogeological Framework of Southern New Castle County . Delaware Geological Survey Open File Reports . Delaware Geological Survey . 22 May 2019.
  11. Web site: Archaeological Investigations at the Blackbird Creek Site . Delaware DOT Archaeology . Delaware Department of Transportation . 23 May 2019.
  12. Web site: Ramsey . Kelvin W. . Geologic Map of New Castle County, Delaware . Delaware Geological Survey . Delaware Geological Survey . 23 May 2019.
  13. Web site: Ramsey . Kelvin W. . Geologic Map of New Castle County, Delaware . Delaware Geological Survey . Delaware Geological Survey . 23 May 2019.