| Blackbird Creek | |
| Name Other: | Tributary to Delaware Bay |
| Image Alt: | Picture of Blackbird Creek at Blackbird Creek Reserve |
| Map Size: | 180 |
| Map Alt: | Map of the confluence of Blackbird Creek and Delaware Bay |
| Pushpin Map: | Delaware#USA |
| Pushpin Map Size: | 180 |
| Pushpin Map Alt: | Location of the confluence of Blackbird Creek and Delaware Bay |
| Subdivision Type1: | Country |
| Subdivision Name1: | United States |
| Subdivision Type2: | State |
| Subdivision Name2: | Delaware |
| Subdivision Type3: | County |
| Subdivision Name3: | New Castle |
| Subdivision Type4: | City |
| Subdivision Name4: | Townsend |
| Length: | 16.28miles[1] |
| Source1: | On the watershed divide between Blackbird Creek and the Chester River |
| Source1 Location: | Dexter Corners, Delaware |
| Source1 Coordinates: | 39.3236°N -75.6961°W[2] |
| Source1 Elevation: | 75feet[3] |
| Mouth: | 2 miles north of Taylors Bridge, Delaware |
| Mouth Location: | Taylors Bridge, Delaware |
| Mouth Coordinates: | 39.4386°N -75.5742°W |
| Mouth Elevation: | 0feet |
| Progression: | Delaware Bay → Atlantic Ocean |
| River System: | Delaware River |
| Basin Size: | 8,022 ha[4] |
| Tributaries Left: | Barlow Branch Herring Run Beaver Branch |
| Tributaries Right: | Sandom Branch Fishing Creek Mill Creek Gravel Gut |
| Waterbodies: | Blackbird Pond |
| Bridges: | Greenspring Road Oliver Guessford Road Railroad Crossing Blackbird Station Road US 13 Blackbird Landing Road DE 9 |
Blackbird Creek is a 16.9adj=midNaNadj=mid[5] river in northern Delaware in the United States.
Blackbird Creek Reserve is on the Delaware Bayshore Byway and includes trails, pavilion and canoe/kayak launch. The reserve boasts several miles of trails through uplands and along the marsh, restoration demonstration areas as well as a variety of programs and volunteer opportunities for the community, teachers, students, and families.[6] Blackbird Creek rises in two branches both north and south of Dexter Corners in southern New Castle County, Delaware and flows generally northeast in a meandering course. The northerly branch is contained within Blackbird State Forest, while the southerly branch arises in a swampy wooded buffer in farmland. Both branches join just upstream of Blackbird Pond, which is southwest of the village of Blackbird, Delaware. Just downstream of Blackbird Pond and upstream of US 13, Barlow Branch enters from the left (north). Downstream of US 13, Sandom Branch enters from the right (south) and a little further downstream, Blackbird Creek becomes subject to tidal influence and widens considerably.
Upstream of Blackbird Landing Road, Herring Run enters from the left (north) in an area of freshwater tidal marsh. Downstream of Blackbird Landing Road, another tributary, Beaver Branch, enters from the left (north). Near the mouth of Blackbird Creek, three tidal tributaries enter from the right (south) and include Fishing Creek, Mill Creek, and Gravel Gut. The mouth of Blackbird Creek is located at the north end of Delaware Bay approximately south of the mouth of the Appoquinimink River and approximately north of Taylors Bridge.[7]
Blackbird Creek watershed is largely forested and rural. Near its mouth, it is surrounded by extensive salt marshes, with extensive populations of saltmarsh cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) and common reed (Phragmites australis). The lower river upstream from Delaware State Highway 9 is protected as part of the Delaware National Estuarine Research Reserve, along with portions of the lower Appoquinimink. Blackbird State Forest covers large areas of the headwaters.[8] One small village, Blackbird, is located totally within the watershed, while the city of Townsend is on the northern edge.
Blackbird Pond, a former millpond,[9] is the only dam present on Blackbird Creek.
The damming of this creek was the subject of the 1829 Supreme Court case that gave rise to the theory of the Dormant Commerce Clause.
The Blackbird Creek watershed is a focus area in Delaware for “Delmarva Bays”, which are undrained depression deposits that may or may not have a sandy rim.[10] These “bays” have fluctuating hydrology that provide breeding sites for amphibians and habitat for a number of rare plants. Larger versions are generally called “Carolina Bays.”
Blackbird Creek is located in the High Coastal Plain that originates from glacial outwash of continental deposits (Columbia Formation).[11] The headwaters of Blackbird Creek are located in an area of undrained depression deposits of the Columbia Formation.[12] The northeasterly course of Blackbird Creek takes it through the Lynch Heights Formation, Scotts Corners Formation, and into marsh deposits forming steep valleys along the way.[13]