| Black Hawk | |
| Location: | 200 Hyde Street San Francisco, California, United States |
| Coordinates: | 37.7828°N -122.4154°W |
| Type: | Nightclub |
| Genre: | Jazz, Bebop |
| Opened: | 1949 |
| Closed: | 1963 |
| Seating Capacity: | 200 |
The Black Hawk was a San Francisco nightclub that featured live jazz performances during its period of operation from 1949 to 1963. It was located on the corner of Turk Street and Hyde Street in San Francisco's Tenderloin District. Guido Caccienti owned the club along with Johnny and Helen Noga.
The Black Hawk's intimate atmosphere was ideal for small jazz groups and the club was a very popular hangout. In 1959, the fees that the club was able to pay jazz acts rose from less than $300 to more than $3,000 a week.[1]
A "cage" area separated by woven wire fencing was provided for patrons under 21 years old who could not legally consume alcohol. This exception to the liquor laws was set up by an agreement between Black Hawk owner Guidio Caccienti and Mayor George Christopher, and made it possible for children to experience jazz.[2]
A number of musicians recorded albums at the club, including Miles Davis, Cal Tjader, Thelonious Monk, Shelly Manne and Mongo Santamaría.
Notable musicians who appeared there include the Dave Brubeck Quartet,[3] John Coltrane,[4] Dizzy Gillespie, Chet Baker, Vince Guaraldi, Stan Getz,[5] Mary Stallings, Johnny Mathis,[6] Art Blakey, Shorty Rogers, Art Pepper, Art Farmer, Gerry Mulligan,[7] Horace Parlan and Russ Freeman. Art Tatum mainly did concert work in the last 18 months of his life; he played the Black Hawk in 1955.[8]
Sunday afternoon sessions at the Black Hawk offered blowing time to young musicians. After a young sextet working at the Black Hawk brought Johnny Mathis in for a Sunday afternoon session, Helen Noga, co-owner of the club, decided that she wanted to manage his career. In early September 1955, Mathis gained a job singing at weekends for Ann Dee's 440 Club. After repeated attempts, Noga convinced George Avakian, then head of Popular Music A&R at Columbia, to see him. Avakian came to the club, heard Mathis sing and sent the now famous telegram to his record company: "Have found phenomenal 19-year-old boy who could go all the way."[9]
Billie Holiday and Lester Young played their last West Coast club dates here and the Modern Jazz Quartet played its first.[10] When Charlie Parker was supposed to be opening across town at Gordon "Dutch" Nieman's[11] [12] [13] [14] Say When Club at 952 Bush Street,[15] [16] [17] near Powell, he could be found instead jamming at the Black Hawk. For several months each year, Brubeck, who got his real start at the Black Hawk, returned for extended series of appearances with his quartet, playing for consecutive weekends, sometimes for three months at a time.[18]
Oakland-based guitarist and guitar builder Nick Esposito, known for his 1940's recordings with Barney Bigard including "Empty Ballroom Blues", "Penny", and "Back Fat Boogie," appeared many times at the Black Hawk during the 1950s.
The Blackhawk was closed in 1963. After housing a number of clubs including the "Top Drawer," the building was finally demolished, and is now a parking lot. Still standing adjacent to the site, however, is the "222 Club" (also known as "The Three Deuces"), a former green room to the Blackhawk where equipment was stored for live recordings. For his 1962 performance, Cal Tjader wrote a tune entitled "222 Time" as a nod to the Blackhawk's longtime neighbor.
| Year | Title | Artist | Genre | Label | Recorded | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1956 | Jazz at the Black Hawk | Dave Brubeck | Jazz | Fantasy | 1956 | |
| 1957 | Jazz at the Blackhawk | Cal Tjader | Jazz | Fantasy | January 20, 1957 | |
| 1958 | Cal Tjader's Latin Concert | Cal Tjader | Jazz | Fantasy | September 1958 | |
| 1958 | A Night at the Blackhawk (Live) | Cal Tjader | Jazz | Fantasy | December 1958 | |
| 1959 | At the Black Hawk 1 | Shelly Manne | Jazz | Contemporary | September 22–24, 1959 | |
| 1959 | At the Black Hawk 2 | Shelly Manne | Jazz | Contemporary | September 22–24, 1959 | |
| 1959 | At the Black Hawk 3 | Shelly Manne | Jazz | Contemporary | September 22–24, 1959 | |
| 1959 | At the Black Hawk 4 | Shelly Manne | Jazz | Contemporary | September 22–24, 1959 | |
| 1959 | At the Black Hawk 5 | Shelly Manne | Jazz | Contemporary | September 23 & 24, 1959 | |
| 1960 | Thelonious Monk Quartet Plus Two at the Blackhawk | Thelonious Monk | Jazz | Riverside | April 1960 | |
| 1960 | Live and Direct | Cal Tjader | Jazz | Fantasy | September 1960 | |
| 1961 | In Person Friday Night At The Blackhawk, Complete, Volume I | Miles Davis | Jazz | Columbia | April 21, 1961 | |
| 1961 | In Person Saturday Night At The Blackhawk, Complete, Volume II | Miles Davis | Jazz | Columbia | April 22, 1961 | |
| 1962 | ¡Viva Mongo! | Mongo Santamaría | Latin Jazz | Fantasy | 1962 | |
| 1962 | Mighty Mongo | Mongo Santamaría | Latin Jazz | Fantasy | 1962 | |
| 1962 | Ahmad Jamal at the Blackhawk | Ahmad Jamal | Jazz | Argo | 1962 | |
| 1962 | Saturday Night/Sunday Night at the Blackhawk | Cal Tjader | Jazz | Verve | January 27–28, 1962 |
. John Chilton . Who's who of Jazz: Storyville to Swing Street . registration . . 1985 . 325 . 0-306-80243-0.
. Joel Selvin . San Francisco, the Musical History Tour: A Guide to Over 200 of the Bay Area . . 76 . 1996 . 0-8118-1007-0.
. Leonard Michaels . West of the West: Imagining California . . 178 . 1995 . 0-520-20164-7.