The black-backed grosbeak (Pheucticus aureoventris) is a bird in the family Cardinalidae, the cardinals or cardinal grosbeaks. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela. They are often kept as cagebirds.[1] [2]
The black-backed grosbeak has five recognized subspecies:[1]
There is some evidence that the black-backed grosbeak may be paraphyletic with respect to golden grosbeak (Pheucticus chrysogaster). Their ranges overlap in Peru.[3] [2] [4] [5]
The black-backed grosbeak is approximately 22cm (09inches) long and weighs 43.8g66.2g. All of the subspecies except P. a. crissalis are very similar. The males' upperparts are black with a yellow shoulder patch; the closed wings show white patches. The chin, throat, and upper breast are also black. The lower breast and belly are bright yellow with a variable amount of black flecking on the sides and flanks. The female is similar but browner and has yellow mottling on the upperside and dusky speckles on the underside. P. a. crissalis differs mainly in having a yellow chin, throat, and upper breast where the other subspecies are black.[2]
The black-backed grosbeak is a bird of the eastern Andes. The subspecies are found thus. All except the nominate are believed to be sedentary.[1] [2]
The black-backed grosbeak inhabits dry to very dry woodland (scrubby to open) and is often found in gardens. In Venezuela it generally ranges in elevation from 1450to and occasionally up to 3700m (12,100feet). In Colombia it is found between 1700and and in Peru mostly from 1200to. At the southern end of its range in can be found as low as 600m (2,000feet).[2]
The black-backed grosbeak's diet is berries, seeds, flowers, and insects. It usually forages singly or in pairs, but several may gather in a fruiting tree. It mostly forages high up in trees but can be seen at any level. It does not join mixed-species foraging flocks.[2]
Little information about the black-backed grosbeak's breeding phenology has been published. Evidence or proof of breeding such as adults with enlarged gonads, nests with eggs, and a fledged chick have been noted between November and January. Nests are an open cup made of vine stalks and lined with fine fibers placed up to 3m (10feet) high in a shrub. The plush-crested jay (Cyanocorax chrysops) is a frequent predator at the nest.[2]
The black-backed grosbeak's song is "a rich, melodious series of whistled notes" https://www.xeno-canto.org/428576. Its call is "a sharp 'keck'" https://www.xeno-canto.org/312407.[2]
The IUCN has assessed the black-backed grosbeak as being of Least Concern. It varies from uncommon to common across its range, but is trapped for the cagebird trade.[2]