Blåmannsisen Explained


Other Name:Historic:
Map:Nordland#Norway
Location:Sørfold and Fauske, Nordland, Norway
Coordinates:67.2414°N 16.0672°W
Area:87km2
Thickness:200mto400mm (700feetto1,300feetm)

or (English: '''Blåmann Glacier'''[1] [2]) is the fifth-largest glacier in mainland Norway. It is located on the border of the municipalities of Fauske and Sørfold in Nordland county, Norway - just west of the border with Sweden.[3]

Its highest point is above sea level and its lowest point is at an elevation of . Three outlet glaciers extend from the icecap. A small outlet spills over a subglacial ridge to the north damming an unnamed lake resulting in occasion outburst floods. To the east a large outlet extends towards the lake, Leirvatnet. A further outlet descends steeply to the west. The western and northern outlets are heavily crevassed, as is the snout of the eastern glacier calving into Leirvatnet. The glacier also calves into lake Blåmannsisvatnet, resulting in extensive crevasses in the glacier above that lake. Given the degree of crevassing at the margins, traversing the glacier can be dangerous, particularly in late spring or early summer when snow bridges may be weak.

Blåmannsisen drains into the local Norwegian hydropower networks operated by Elkem and Saltens Kraftsamband and into the one in Luleälv, Sweden. The ice-dammed lake on the northern margin occasionally produces jökulhlaups (also known as glacial lake outburst floods). The icecap is typically 200mto400mm (700feetto1,300feetm) thick, exceeding in places.[4] The equilibrium line altitude (ELA) is around on the eastern side of the icecap, above the Leirvatnet outlet. Satellite imagery, including that used by Google Earth, shows extensive exposed firn suggesting the ELA has retreated in recent years in common with other temperate icecaps in Norway.[5] The southern margin of the glacier exhibits a forefield exposed since the retreat from the 'Little Ice Age' maximum with a well formed end moraine marking a former margin.[6]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. http://reports.huginonline.com/776935.pdf Prospectus: Hafslund and Saudefaldene (Elkem Energi) . 2000, p. 46.
  2. Hoel, Adolf, & Johannes Norvik. 1962. Glaciological Bibliography of Norway. Oslo: Norsk polarinstitutt, p. 103.
  3. Web site: Blåmannsisen. Store norske leksikon. Store norske leksikon. Norwegian. 2012-04-02.
  4. News: Kennet. M.. 1990. Kartlegging av istykkelse og feltavgrensning på Blåmannsisen 1990. NVE Rapport nr. 8. Norwegian.
  5. News: Bjarne. Kjøllmoen. Liss M. Andreassen. Hallgeir. Elvehøy. Miriam. Jackson. Rianne H. Giesen. Stefan. Winkler. 2008. Glaciological investigations in Norway 2007. NVE Report 3 2008. 91.
  6. News: Liss M. Andreassen. 2000. Regional change of glaciers in northern Norway. NVE Report No. 1, 122 p + 10 p app.