Bixin Explained

Bixin is an apocarotenoid found in the seeds of the achiote tree (Bixa orellana)[1] from which it derives its name. It is commonly extracted from the seeds to form annatto, a natural food coloring, containing about 5% pigments of which 70–80% are bixin.[2]

Applications

thumb|center|Red seeds of the achiote tree

thumb|Bixin is one of the colorants used in the snack Cheetos.Several thousand tons are harvested annually.[3]

Chemical properties

Bixin is unstable. It isomerizes into trans-bixin (β-bixin), the double-bond isomer.

Bixin is soluble in fats and alcohols but insoluble in water. Upon exposure to alkali, the methyl ester is hydrolyzed to produce the dicarboxylic acid norbixin, a water-soluble derivative.

Notes and References

  1. Bouvier. Florence. Dogbo. Odette. Camara. Bilal. 2003. Biosynthesis of the Food and Cosmetic Plant Pigment Bixin (Annatto). Science. 300. 5628. 2089–2091. 10.1126/science.1085162 . 3834418 . 12829782 . 2003Sci...300.2089B . 560600 . 0036-8075.
  2. https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/htdocs/chem_background/exsumpdf/bixin_508.pdf Executive Summary Bixin
  3. Book: 10.1016/B978-0-12-803138-4.00006-X. Annatto/Urucum— Bixa orellana . Exotic Fruits . 2018 . Stringheta . Paulo C. . Silva . Pollyanna I. . Costa . André G.V. . 23–30 . 9780128031384 .