Bittium Explained

Bittium is a genus of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Cerithiidae, the horn snails.^[1]

Distribution

This genus is found worldwide.

Species

Species in the genus Bittium include:^[2]

• Bittium aedonium (Watson, 1880)^[3]
• Bittium afrum
• Bittium amboynense (Watson, 1881)
• Bittium anembatum (Melvill, 1904)
• Bittium aquaticum
• Bittium arenaense Hertlein & Strong, 1951
• Bittium armillatum (Carpenter, 1864)
• Bittium arnoldi Bartsch, 1911
• Bittium atramentarium Melvill & Standen, 1901
• Bittium bandatum Bozzetti, 2019
• Bittium bartolomense Bartsch, 1917
• Bittium batillarium Kuroda & Habe, 1971
• Bittium casmaliense Bartsch, 1911
• Bittium cerithium
• Bittium cerralvoense Bartsch, 1911
• Bittium challisae Bartsch, 1917
• Bittium chrysomallum Melvill, 1901
• Bittium circa Moreno, 2006
• Bittium clathratalum
• † Bittium courtillerianum (Millet, 1865)
• † Bittium crassicostatum (Etheridge & Bell, 1898)
• † Bittium crassum Landau, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen, 2018
• Bittium decussatum (Carpenter, 1857)
• Bittium delicatum (Watson, 1880)^[4]
• Bittium depauperatum (Watson, 1880)
• Bittium diminutivum (Philippi, 1845)
• Bittium dumblei
• Bittium editum (Powell, 1930)
• Bittium elegantissimum (Hedley, 1899)^[5]
• † Bittium eniwetokense Ladd, 1972
• Bittium exiguum
• Bittium fastigiatum Carpenter, 1864
• Bittium filosum
• Bittium fretense
• † Bittium gallicum Landau, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen, 2018
• Bittium giganteum Bartsch, 1911
• Bittium glareosum Gould, 1861
• † Bittium gliberti Van Dingenen, Ceulemans & Landau, 2016
• Bittium hartbergense
• Bittium hawaiiensis
• Bittium impendens (Hedley, 1899)
• Bittium incile Watson, 1897
• Bittium inornatum Bartsch, 1911
• Bittium insulsum Preston, 1908
• Bittium koeneni
• Bittium lacteum (Philippi, 1836)
• Bittium laevicordatum (Powell, 1937)
• † Bittium larrieyense Vignal, 1911
• Bittium latreillii (Payraudeau, 1826)
• † Bittium lozoueti Van Dingenen, Ceulemans & Landau, 2016
• Bittium lusciniae (Watson, 1880)^[6]
• Bittium mexicanum Bartsch, 1911
• Bittium midwayense Kosuge, 1979
• Bittium multiliratum
• Bittium nanum (Mayer, 1864)
• Bittium nicholsi Bartsch, 1911
• Bittium nitens Carpenter, 1864
• Bittium ornatissimum Bartsch, 1911
• Bittium paleonotum
• Bittium paludosum
• Bittium panamense Bartsch, 1911
• Bittium peruvianum (d'Orbigny, 1841)
• Bittium philomelae (Watson, 1880)^[7]
• Bittium pigrum (Watson, 1880)^[8]
• † Bittium pingue Landau, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen, 2018
• Bittium porcellanum Watson, 1886
• Bittium proteum (Jousseaume, 1930)
• Bittium pupiforme (Watson, 1880)
• Bittium quadricinctum E. A. Smith, 1903
• † Bittium renauleauense Landau, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen, 2018
• Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778) –
• Bittium rubanocinctum
• Bittium russiensis
• Bittium salinae
• Bittium sanjuanense Bartsch, 1917
• Bittium santamariense Bartsch, 1917
• Bittium scalatum
• Bittium semigranosum
• Bittium semigranulosum''
• Bittium serra Bartsch, 1917
• Bittium simplex (Jeffreys, 1867)
• Bittium spina
• Bittium stigmosum
• Bittium submamillatum (Jeffreys, 1867)
• † Bittium sublima (d'Orbigny, 1852)
• Bittium tenuispina
• Bittium terebelloides
• † Bittium transenna (Bayan, 1873)
• Bittium tumidum Bartsch, 1907
• Bittium turritella
• Bittium vancouverense Dall & Bartsch, 1910
• † Bittium venustulum (Millet, 1865)
• † Bittium vignali Dollfus, 1909
• Bittium watsoni (Jeffreys, 1885)
• Bittium xanthum Watson, 1886

Species brought into synonymy:

• Bittium adamsi Dall, 1889: synonym of Finella adamsi (Dall, 1889)
• Bittium alternatum (Say, 1822)^[9] and Bittium nigrum (Totten, 1834) are synonyms of Bittiolum alternatum (Say, 1822)^[10]
• Bittium asperum Gabb, 1861: synonym of Lirobittium asperum (Gabb, 1861)
• Bittium attenuatum Carpenter, 1864 – slender cerith:^[9] synonym of Lirobittium attenuatum (Carpenter, 1864)
• Bittium boeticum (Pease, 1860) and Bittium pusillum (Gould, 1851) are synonyms of Cerithium boeticum Pease, 1860^[11]
• Bittium catalinense Bartsch, 1907:^[9] synonym of Lirobittium purpureum (Carpenter, 1864)
• Bittium cinctum Hutton, 1885: synonym of Seila cincta (Hutton, 1886)
• † Bittium cossmanni: synonym of † Hemicerithium cossmanni (Dall, 1892)
• Bittium diplax Watson, 1886 is a synonym of Cerithidium diplax (Watson, 1886)^[12]
• Bittium eschrichti (Middendorff, 1849): synonym of Neostylidium eschrichtii (Middendorff, 1849)
• Bittium estuarinumTate, 1893: synonym of Zeacumantus plumbeus (G. B. Sowerby II, 1855)
• Bittium exile (Hutton, 1873): synonym of Zebittium exile (Hutton, 1873)
• Bittium fetellum Bartsch, 1911:^[9] synonym of Lirobittium fetellum (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination)
• Bittium furvum Watson, 1886 : synonym of Cacozeliana furva (Watson, 1886)
• Bittium fuscocapitulum Hedley & Petterd, 1906 : synonym of Cacozeliana fuscocapitulum (Hedley & Petterd, 1906)
• Bittium granarium (Kiener, 1842) is a synonym of Cacozeliana granarium (Kiener, 1842)^[13]
• Bittium hiloense: synonym of Bittinella hiloensis (Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1908)
• Bittium houbricki Ponder, 1993 : synonym of Ittibittium houbricki (Ponder, 1993)
• Bittium icarus (Bayle, 1880) : synonym of Cacozeliana icarus (Bayle, 1880)
• Bittium interfossa (Carpenter, 1864):^[9] synonym of Lirobittium interfossa (Carpenter, 1864)
• Bittium jadertinum Brusina, 1865: synonym of Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)
• Bittium johnstonae Bartsch, 1911:^[9] synonym of Lirobittium johnstonae (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination)
• Bittium larum Bartsch, 1911:^[9] synonym of Lirobittium larum (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination)
• Bittium lawleyanum Crosse, 1863: synonym of Zeacumantus plumbeus (G. B. Sowerby II, 1855)
• Bittium leucocephalum Watson, 1886 : synonym of Argyropeza leucocephala (Watson, 1886)
• Bittium minutulum: synonym of Batillariella minutula (Thiele, 1930) (original combination)
• Bittium munitum (Carpenter, 1864):^[9] synonym of Lirobittium munitum (Carpenter, 1864)
• Bittium oldroydae Bartsch, 1911:^[9] synonym of Lirobittium oldroydae (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination)
• Bittium oryza (Mörch, 1876) : synonym of Ittibittium oryza (Mörch, 1876)
• Bittium paganicum (Dall, 1919):^[9] synonym of Lirobittium paganicum (Dall, 1919)
• Bittium parcum Gould, 1861 is a synonym of Ittibittium parcum (Gould, 1861)^[14]
• Bittium perparvulum Watson, 1886^[9] is a synonym of Cerithidium perparvulum (Watson, 1886)^[15]
• Bittium perpusillum Tryon, 1887 : synonym of Cerithium alutaceum (Gould, 1861)
• Bittium plumbeum: synonym of Zeacumantus plumbeus (G. B. Sowerby II, 1855)
• Bittium quadrifilatum Carpenter, 1864 – four-thread cerith:^[9] synonym of Lirobittium quadrifilatum (Carpenter, 1864) (original combination)
• Bittium scabrum (Olivi, 1792) : synonym of Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)
• Bittium seymourianum Strebel, 1908: synonym of Cerithiella seymouriana (Strebel, 1908) (original combination)
• Bittium subplanatum Bartsch, 1911:^[9] synonym of Lirobittium rugatum (Carpenter, 1864)
• Bittium torresiense Melvill & Standen, 1899 : synonym of Bittium elegantissimum (Hedley, 1899)
• Bittium variegatum Henn & Brazier, 1894 : synonym of Cacozeliana variegatum (Henn & Brazier, 1894)
• Bittium varium (Pfeiffer, 1840) – grass cerith^[9] is a synonym of Bittiolum varium (Pfeiffer, 1840)^[16]
• Bittium zebrum (Kiener, 1841) is a synonym of Cerithium zebrum Kiener, 1841^[17]

Nomen dubium:

• Bittium alabastrulum (Mörch, 1876)
• Bittium caraboboense (Weisbord, 1962)
• Bittium galactis Mörch, 1876
• Bittium lima (Bruguière, 1792)

See also

• Cerithium
• Ittibittium

References

• Biggs H.E. (1971). On a proposed new genus of cerithid mollusca from the Dahlak islands, Red Sea. Journal of Conchology 27: 221–223, pl. 7
• Gründel J. (1976). Zur Taxonomie und Phylogenie der Bittium-Gruppe. Malakologische Abhandlungen 5(3): 33–59
• Houbrick R. (1978). Redescription of Bittium proteum (Jousseaume, 1930) with comments on its generic placements. The Nautilus 92 (1): 9–11
• Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp
• Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213

Further reading

• Gray, J. E. (1847). A list of the genera of recent Mollusca, their synonyma and types. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 15: 129-219
• Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
• Gray, J.E. (1847). On the classification of the British Mollusca by W E Leach. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. ser. 1, 20: 267-273
• Verduin A. (1982). On the taxonomy and variability of recent european species of the genus Bittium Leach (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). Basteria 46: 93-120
• Houbrick R. (1977). Reevaluation and new description of the genus Bittium (Cerithiidae). The Veliger 20 (2): 101-106

Notes and References

1. Gofas, S. (2011). Bittium Leach in Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137758 on 8 February 2011
2. https://archive.today/20130210075904/http://zipcodezoo.com/Key/Animalia/Bittium_Genus.asp ZipCodeZoo
3. WoRMS (2010). Bittium aedonium (Watson, 1880). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473064 on 13 January 2011
4. WoRMS (2010). Bittium delicatum (Watson, 1880). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473067 on 13 January 2011
5. WoRMS (2010). Bittium elegantissimum. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473063 on 13 January 2011
6. WoRMS (2010). Bittium lusciniae (Watson, 1880). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473070 on 13 January 2011
7. WoRMS (2010). Bittium philomelae (Watson, 1880). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473071 on 13 January 2011
8. WoRMS (2010). Bittium pigrum (Watson, 1880). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473079 on 13 January 2011
9. accessed 13 January 2011.
10. Rosenberg, G. (2010). Bittiolum alternatum (Say, 1822). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160172 on 13 January 2011
11. WoRMS (2010). Cerithium boeticum. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473096 on 13 January 2011
12. Gofas, S. (2010). Cerithidium diplax (Watson, 1886). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=397036 on 13 January 2011
13. WoRMS (2010). Cacozeliana granarium (Kiener, 1842). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473085 on 13 January 2011
14. WoRMS (2010). Ittibittium parcum (Gould, 1861). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473137 on 13 January 2011
15. Gofas, S. (2010). Cerithidium perparvulum (Watson, 1886). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=397037 on 13 January 2011
16. Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010). Bittiolum varium (Pfeiffer, 1840). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160174 on 13 January 2011
17. WoRMS (2010). Cerithium zebrum Kiener, 1841. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=216673 on 13 January 2011