Roman Catholic Diocese of Tulle explained

Jurisdiction:Diocese
Tulle
Latin:Dioecesis Tutelensis
Local:Diocèse de Tulle
Country: France
Province:Poitiers
Metropolitan:Archdiocese of Poitiers
Area Km2:5,896
Population:242,454
Population As Of:2014
Catholics:223,000
Catholics Percent:92.1
Parishes:296
Denomination:Catholic
Sui Iuris Church:Latin Church
Rite:Roman Rite
Established:11 July 1317
Cathedral:Cathedral of Notre Dame and St. Martin
Patron:Saint Martin of Tours
Priests:54 (diocesan)
5 (Religious Orders)
Bishop:Francis Bestion
Metro Archbishop:Pascal Wintzer
Suffragan:for one -->
Archdeacon:for one-->
Emeritus Bishops:Bernard Louis Marie Charrier (since 2013)

The Diocese of Tulle (Latin: Dioecesis Tutelensis; French: Diocèse de Tulle) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Tulle, France. The diocese of Tulle comprises the whole département of Corrèze.

The Abbey of Tulle was founded in the early 10th century. By the early 12th century, the abbot had established control over the pilgrimage church of Rocamadour. The abbacy was raised to a diocese in 1317, but suppressed by the Concordat of 1802, which joined it to the diocese of Limoges. In 1817, the diocese was re-established in principle, according to the terms of the Concordat of 1817,[1] but was re-erected canonically only by the papal Bulls dated 6 and 31 October 1822,[2] and made suffragan to the Archbishop of Bourges. Since the reorganization of French ecclesiastical provinces by Pope John Paul II on 8 December 2002, Tulle has been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Poitiers.[3]

History

According to legends which arose in later years around the Saint Martial cycle, that saint, who had been sent by St. Peter to preach, is said to have restored to life at Tulle the son of the Roman governor, Nerva, and to have covered the neighbouring country with churches. The building of churches, however, was not possible until the fourth century.

Some legends name St. Martin of Tours as founder of the Abbey of Tulle, others St. Calmin, Count of Auvergne (seventh century).[4] Robbed of its possessions by a powerful family, the Counts of Quercy, the abbey recovered them in 930 through the efforts of a member of the same family, Viscount Adhemar.[5] Adhemar is recorded as count or viscount of Tulle between 898 and 935.[6] Odo of Cluny, reformed the abbey in 928–929, along the lines of Cluny, where the abbot was elected by the monks, not provided by some powerful local family.[7] The important pilgrimage shrine at Rocamadour was acquired by the abbey of Tulle, as confirmed by Pope Paschal II in 1105.[8]

Pope John XXII by a Bull dated 13 August 1317,[9] separated the Abbey of Tulle from the jurisdiction of the diocese of Limoges and raised it to episcopal rank; but the Chapter of the new cathedral continued to observe the Rule of St. Benedict, and was not transformed into a college of secular Canons until 1514.[10] The Chapter dignitaries included: a Dean, a Provost, a Treasurer and a Cantor.[11] The new Chapter of Secular Canons was authorized to have sixteen canons, and to create twelve choral vicars (which they were unable to do, because of financial constraints); by the eighteenth century there were only twelve canons.[12] Abbot Arnaud of Tulle was named the first bishop of Tulle.[13] Pope John also raised Tulle from the rank of a town to that of a city, and gave the Bishops of Tulle the title of Vicomte.[14]

Among the bishops of Tulle were, known as Cardinal de Tulle (1342–43), who was Bishop for only ten weeks, was never consecrated, and lived with his brother Clement VI in Avignon; Jean Fabri (1370–71), who became cardinal in 1371; Jules Mascaron, the preacher (1671–79), who was afterwards Bishop of Agen;[15] Léonard Berteaud,[16] preacher and theologian (1842–1878). By far the most important scholar to come from Tulle was Etienne Baluze, Aumonier to Louis XIV and Director of the Collège de France (1709–1710),[17] author of Vitae Paparum Avenionensium (1693) and Historia Tutelensis (1716).

Pierre Roger, who became pope under the name of Clement VI, was a native of Maumont (now part of the commune of Rosiers-d'Égletons) in the diocese. In 1352 the papal Conclave chose Etienne Aubert, who became pope under the name Innocent VI, and who was a native of the hamlet of Les Monts (now part of the commune of Beyssac) in the Diocese of Tulle. In 1362 Hugues Roger, called the Cardinal of Tulle, brother of Clement VI, refused the papacy; in 1370 Pierre Roger de Beaufort, his nephew, became pope under the name of Gregory XI.

At Tulle and in Bas (Lower) Limousin, every year, on the vigil of St. John the Baptist, a feast is kept which is known as le tour de la lunade (the change of the moon); it is a curious example of the manner in which the Church was able to sanctify and Christianize many pagan customs. Legend places the institution of this feast in 1346 or 1348, about the time of the Black Death. It would seem to have been the result of a vow made in honour of St. John the Baptist.[18] Maximin Deloche, a native of Tulle, has argued however that the worship of the sun existed in Gaul down to the seventh century, according to the testimony of St. Eligius, and that the feast of St. John's Nativity, 24 June, was substituted for the pagan festival of the summer solstice, so that the tour de la lunade was an old pagan custom, sanctified by the Church, which changed it to an act of homage to St. John the Baptist.

The diocese of Tulle was abolished during the French Revolution by the Legislative Assembly, under the Civil Constitution of the Clergy (1790).[19] Its territory was subsumed into the new diocese, called the 'Corrèze', which was part of the Metropolitanate called the 'Metropole de Sud-Ouest (which included ten new 'departements'). The electors of 'Corrèze' met at Tulle beginning on 20 February 1791, and after two days of deliberations elected Jean-Jacques Brivel, a 65 year old former Jesuit and the uncle of the Procurator-Syndic of Corrèzes. He was consecrated in Paris at the Oratory on 13 March 1791 by Constitutional Bishops Saurine (Landes), Lindet and Laurent.[20] The consecration was valid, but it was illicit and schismatic; no bulls of consecration had been issued by Pope Pius VI. In Corrèzes only forty priests who had taken the Oath to the Constitution had to serve 320 parishes.

In 1791 the Cathedral of Tulle was occupied by troops of the Revolution, who set up a manufactory for weapons in one transept. In 1796 the cupola and crossing of the transept fell, and the Choir and Transept were torn down. The ancient sculpture had been destroyed during the Terror.[21]

On 27 November 1793 the enthusiasts of the Terror to the number of 2000 swept through Tulle, destroying everything connected with religion they could find, and the Constitutional Bishop fled.[22] Bishop Brivel was absent for sixteen months, and when he returned he remained inactive. He died at Tulle on 18 January 1802, after having retracted his oath and confessed his errors.[23]

Saints and pilgrimages

St. Rodolphe of Turenne, Archbishop of Bourges (died in 866) founded, about 855, the Abbey of Beaulieu in the Diocese of Tulle. The Charterhouse of Glandier dates from 1219; the Benedictine Abbey of Uzerche was founded between 958 and 991; Meymac Priory, which became an abbey in 1146, was founded by Archambaud III, Viscount of Conborn.

St. Anthony of Padua lived for several days at Brive, towards the end of October, 1226; and the pilgrimage to the Grotto of Brive is the only existing one in France in his honour. Other saints connected with the diocese are: St. Fereola, martyr (date uncertain); St. Martin of Brive, disciple of St. Martin of Tours, and martyr (fifth century); St. Duminus, hermit (early sixth century); at Argentat, St. Sacerdos, who was Bishop of Limoges when he retired into solitude (sixth century); St. Vincentianus (St. Viance), hermit (seventh century); St. Liberalis, Bishop of Embrun, died in 940 at Brive, his native place; St. Reynier, provost of Beaulieu, died at the beginning of the tenth century; St. Stephen of Obazine, b. about 1085, founder of the monastery for men at Obazine, and of that for women at Coyroux; St. Berthold of Malefayde, first general of the Carmelites, and whose brother Aymeric was Latin Patriarch of Antioch (twelfth century). The missionary Dumoulin Borie (1808–1838), who was martyred in Tonquin, was born in the diocese.

The chief pilgrimages of the diocese are: Notre-Dame-de-Belpeuch, at Camps, dating from the ninth or tenth century; Notre-Dame-de-Chastre at Bar, dating from the seventeenth century; Notre-Dame-du-Pont-du-Salut, which goes back to the seventeenth century; Notre-Dame-du-Roc at Servières, dating from 1691; Notre-Dame-d'Eygurande, dating from 1720; Notre-Dame-de-La-Buissière-Lestard, which was a place of pilgrimage before the seventeenth century; Notre-Dame-de-La-Chabanne at Ussel, dates from 1140; Notre-Dame-de-Pennacorn at Neuvic, dating from the end of the fifteenth century.

Abbots of Tulle

Bishops of Tulle

1317 to 1400

1400 to 1500

1500 to 1800

since 1800

Bibliography

Reference works

Studies

See also

Acknowledgment

45.2714°N 1.7753°W

Notes and References

  1. [Pope Pius VII]
  2. Bullarii Romani Continuatio Tomus septimus (Prati 1852), pp. 2294-2304;
  3. David M. Cheney, Catholic-Hierarchy, Diocese of Tulle, retrieved: 2016-09-19.
  4. These early monkish foundations are dismissed by Baluze, p. 3-4.
  5. Book: Antoine de Cathala-Coture. Histoire politique ecclésiastique et littéraire du Querci.... Tome III. 1785. Moutard. Paris. French. 123, 277–278.
  6. [Archibald Ross Lewis]
  7. Book: Mathew Kuefler. The Making and Unmaking of a Saint: Hagiography and Memory in the Cult of Gerald of Aurillac. 2013. University of Pennsylvania Press. 978-0-8122-0889-4. 13–15; 22–23; 46–47.
  8. Marcus Bull, The Miracles of Our Lady of Rocamadour: Analysis and Translation (Boydell, 1999), pp. 63–64.
  9. G. Mollat, Jean XXII. Lettres communes Tome I (Paris 1904), p. 434, no. 4724. Gallia christiana II, Instrumenta, pp. 210-211.
  10. The Chapter was secularized by a Bull of Pope Leo X on 26 September 1514: Gallia christiana II, Instrumenta, pp. 211-216.
  11. Gallia christiana II, p. 668.
  12. Gallia christiana II, p. 668. Rupin (1880), p. 116. After the Concordat of 1802, the number of Canons was reduced to eight.
  13. G. Mollat, Jean XXII. Lettres communes Tome I (Paris 1904), p. 440, no. 4787.
  14. Rupin (1878), p. 493.
  15. Book: Jules Mascaron. Oeuvres de Mascaron, évêque d'Agen, précédées d'une notice biographique. 1830. Brajeux. Paris. French. 5–14.
  16. Book: Louis Veuillot. Eugène Veuillot. Henry de Riancey & Léopold Giraud. Célébrités catholiques contemporaines . 1870. V. Palmé. Paris. French. 154–168.
  17. René Fage (1913), "La jeunesse de Baluze," Bulletin de la Société des Lettres, Sciences et Arts de la Corrèze 35: pp. 321-346.
  18. Rupin (1878), p. 700.
  19. Book: Ludovic Sciout. Historie de la constitution civile du clergé (1790-1801) . Tome premier. 1872. Firmin Didot frères. Paris. French. Chapitre IV: La Constitution Civile.
  20. Book: Paul Pisani. Répertoire biographique de l'épiscopat constitutionnel (1791-1802).. 1907. A. Picard et fils. Paris. French . 419–421, 455.
  21. Book: François Souchal. Le vandalisme de la Révolution. 1993. Nouvelles Editions Latines. French. 978-2-7233-0476-4. 71.
  22. Fage (1889), pp. 49-53.
  23. Fage (1889), p. 106.
  24. Previously abbot of . Concurrently abbot of Tulle and bishop of Cahors, residing at Rocamadour. Had a lay abbot named Peter. .
  25. Nephew of Bernard III; also bishop of Cahors. .
  26. Previously abbot of . .
  27. Nephew of Bernard VI. .
  28. Abbot of Saint-Martin de Limoges prior to coming to Tulle. .
  29. Eubel, I, p. 505.
  30. Eubel, I, p. 505.
  31. Hugues Roger had begun his ecclesiastical career as a Benedictine monk at the monastery of Tulle. He was then Abbot of Sancti Ioannis Angeliacensis in the diocese of Saintes. Eubel, I, p. 505. Gallia christiana II, p. 668.
  32. Gui had been Archdeacon of Rouen, and was a Doctor of Laws. Eubel, I, p. 505. Gallia christiana II, p. 669. Rupin (1878), p. 699.
  33. Bertrand had been Prior of Portus-Dei in the diocese of Limoges. Eubel, I, p. 505. During his administration Tulle saw the English attack them in November 1346: Rupin (1878), p. 700.
  34. Eubel, I, p. 505 and 511.
  35. Eubel, I, p. 505. He resided in Avignon and left few documents of his bishopric of Tulle: Rupin, p. 702.
  36. Eubel, I, p. 517. Laurent was born in a small commune near Tulle called Biars or Albiac. He had been a physician, and treated Innocent VI before becoming a cleric: Rupin, pp. 702-703.
  37. Eubel, I, p. 22. He was Doctor of Civil Law, and had been Dean of the Cathedral of Orléans (1364). Rupin, p. 704, calls him a cousin of Pope Gregory XI.
  38. Bertrand was Legate of Pope Urban V in Spain in 1370, which continued under Pope Gregory XI, leading to peace between Aragon and Castile: Rupin, p. 705. Bertrand was named Cardinal Priest by Gregory XI on 30 May 1371, and assigned the titulus of San Marcello: Eubel, I, p. 21.
  39. Eubel, I, p. 505. Gallia christiana II, p. 670.
  40. Eubel, I, p. 399. Bertrand died on 12 August 1385.
  41. Pierre de Cosnac was the brother of Bertrand de Cosnac, and had been Prior of Brive before his appointment to Tulle. Rupin, p. 705.
  42. Eubel, I, p. 505. He had been Praepositus and Canon in the Church of St. Martin of Tours, and Auditor of Cardinal Gui de Malsec, and took part along with Cardinal Gui in the Council of Pisa in 1409. He was named executor of the Cardinal's Testament in 1407: Baluze, p. 212.
  43. Eubel, I, p. 138.
  44. Rupin (1878), p. 707. Some Canons of the Cathedra attempted to elect Martin de Saint-Saveur, Prior of Lisseau, but he was dispossessed by arrêt of the Parliament of Paris on 12 July 1421. Rupin (1878), p. 708. Baluze, p. 214.
  45. Eubel, I, p. 138.
  46. Jean de Cluys had been Vicar-General of Bishop de Maumont. As Bishop of Tulle he was named ambassador of Charles VII to King John II of Castile. Rupin (1880), p. 110.
  47. Eubel, I, p. 505; II, p. 259.
  48. Rupin (1880), p. 111.
  49. Eubel, II, p. 259. His brother was Cardinal Pierre d'Aubusson, Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes, created a cardinal in 1489.
  50. Louis d'Aubusson was the brother of Bishop Hugues: Rupin (1880), p. 113.
  51. –Denis de Bar had been Canon of Bourges, then Archdeacon of Narbonne. He was then Bishop of St. Papoul (1468–1471): Eubel, II, p. 259, 212. Rupin (1880), pp. 113-115.
  52. Clement de Brillac had been Prior of Aureil and then Bishop of St. Papoul (1471–1495): Eubel, II, p. 212. During his time as Bishop of Tulle, he was also Abbot of Lesterp, where he died on 21 September 1514: Rupin (1880), p. 116.
  53. Gulik-Eubel, III, p. 322.
  54. Antoine de la Tour had been Canon and then Dean of the Chapter of the Cathedral. On the death of Bishop Flotard he was named Vicar Capitular. He resigned in 1594 in favor of Jean de Visandon, and retired to the Abbey of Roc-Amadour, where he died on 8 September 1595, at the age of eighty. Since Pope Clement VIII did not accept the nomination of Jean de Visandon, Bishop Antoine continued as Bishop until his death. Rupin (1880), pp. 371-372.
  55. Rupin (1880), p. 373.
  56. Eubel-Gauchat, IV, p. 351 (with incorrect name, confusing him with his would-be predecessor). Rupin (1880), pp. 373-374.
  57. Guron was nominated by Louis XIV on 2 August 1652. He was consecrated in Bordeaux on 1 November 1653. He resigned in 1672. Eubel-Gauchat, IV, p. 351, with n. 3. Rupin (1880), pp. 374-375.
  58. Mascaron was nominated by King Louis XIV in January 1671: Ritzler, V, p. 396 and n. 2.
  59. 8 January 1680: Ritzler, V, p. 72. He died on 16 December 1703.
  60. Humbert Ancelin the son of Louis XIV's wetnurse. He was made Aumonier to the Queen, and Abbot of Marsillac. He was nominated Bishop of Tulle by Louis XIV on 4 October 1680. He participated in the notorious Assembly of Bishops in 1682. He resigned the diocese in 1702, remaining Abbot of Ham in the diocese of Noyon. He died in Paris on 26 June 1720. Ritzler, V, p. 396, with n. 3. Jean, p. 118.
  61. Jean, p. 118.
  62. Beaupoil died on 18 November 1734. Jean, p. 118.
  63. Jean, p. 119.
  64. Jean, p. 119.
  65. Beaumont was nominated by King Louis XV on 30 November 1740. He was Vicar-General of the diocese of Angers and Dean of the Cathedral before his nomination. Ritzler, VI, p. 423, with no. 2.
  66. Bourdeille had been Vicar-General of Prémeaux in the diocese of Périgueux when nominated by King Louis XV on 16 May 1762. Ritzler, VI, p. 423, with n. 3.
  67. Transferred on 17 December 1764. He resigned at the request of Pope Pius VII in 1801, and died in Paris on 12 December 1802. Ritzler, VI, p. 389, with n. 4. Jean, p. 120.
  68. He had been Vicar-General of Amiens and Archdeacon of Amiens before his appointment to Tulle. He was desired by the Constitutionals as their bishop, but he refused. He died in Paris on 28 April 1791. Ritzler, VI, p. 423, with n. 4. Jean, p. 120.
  69. Book: Paul Pisani. Répertoire biographique de l'épiscopat constitutionnel (1791-1802).. 1907. A. Picard et fils. Paris. French . 419–421.

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