Birjand Explained

Official Name:Birjand
Native Name:Persian: بیرجند
Settlement Type:City
Nicknames:City of Pines, City of Culture
Pushpin Map:Iran
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:Iran
Subdivision Type1:Province
Subdivision Name1:South Khorasan
Subdivision Type2:County
Subdivision Name2:Birjand
Subdivision Type3:District
Subdivision Name3:Central
Leader Title:Mayor
Leader Name:Mehdi Behtarin
Established Title:First mention
Established Date:13th century
Population As Of:2016
Population Total:203636
Population Density Km2:3697
Timezone:IRST
Utc Offset:+3:30
Coordinates Footnotes:[1]
Elevation M:1491
Area Code:(+98) 56
Blank Name:Climate
Blank Info:BSk
Website:www.birjand.ir/
Footnotes:Prefix code

+98 Iran – (0)56 Birjand

Birjand (Persian: بیرجند;[2] in Persian pronounced as /biːɾˈdʒæːnd/) is a city in the Central District of Birjand County, South Khorasan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[3] The city is known for its saffron, barberry, jujube, and handmade carpet exports.[4]

History

The first citation of the city in the historical literature belongs to the famous book Mojem Alboldan, by Yaqut Homavi (13th century) which introduces the Birjand as the most beautiful town in the Qohestan. Before this, Birjand had been probably not as big and important as a municipality but rather as a rural community. However, the Birjand geographical area had its historical and political importance long before the emergence of the city of Birjand. Many citations of the region are available in the original literature like Ehya -ol- Molook of the once important localities in the area. Apart from literature, the oldest evidence on the history of the region is the ancient Lakh-Mazar inscription in the Kooch village some 25km (16miles) southeast of Birjand. Numerous fine drawings and inscriptions are carved on an igneous rock surface. The inscriptions include pictograms as well as Arsacid Pahlavi, Sasanian Pahlavi, Arabic and Persian scripts.[5]

In 1931, Birjand Municipality was opened under the name of Birjand Municipality next to the tomb of Hakim Nazari and started its activities with 12 employees. The first mayor of Birjand was Mr. Afshar, who served as mayor for six years.[6]

Demographics

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 157,848 in 41,341 households.[7] The following census in 2011 counted 178,020 people in 48,130 households.[8] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 203,636 people in 57,745 households.[9]

Climate

Birjand has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk) with hot summers and cool winters and a significant difference between day and night temperatures. Precipitation falls mostly in winter and spring.

Transportation

Airport

In 1933, due to the political and military situation of Birjand city and the east of the country, Birjand airport was established on a 150-hectare land in the north of the city.[10] [11]

Customs

In 1938, in order to facilitate the transportation, export and import of goods to the subcontinent of India and Afghanistan, the Birjand Customs Office was established and started its activities with two customs units, Dareh and Gezik.[12]

Health

Imam Reza Hospital

In 1948, Imam Reza Hospital was established in one of the lands and endowments belonging to the Alam family, known as Bagh-e Anari. In addition to accepting patients in Birjand city, this hospital also accepted other patients in southern cities of Khorasan province.[13]

Education

It is said that the Shokatiyeh School in Birjand together with Darolfonoon in Tehran were the first modern public schools of higher education in Iran in the mid-19th century. Ever since then, Birjand has amassed an abundance of institutions of higher education and become an important location for research and development.

Universities

In 1975, following Dr. Mohammad Hassan Ganji, the Birjand Institute of Higher Education was established in the Assadollah Alam Endowment Collection. This university started with the admission of 120 students in the fields of mathematics, physics and chemistry and is now officially known as Birjand University.[14] [15]

The city contains such universities and academic institutions as:

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ((OpenStreetMap contributors)) . Birjand, Birjand County . . 18 March 2023 . 18 March 2023 . fa.
  2. Naghizadeh . Mohammad Sadegh . Naseri . Mohsen . Fereyduni . Mohammad . Ziaee . Masoud . Tane . Abdolghader . Safari . Hamidreza . Mahavar . Neda . Mahdavi . Roya . Anani Sarab . Gholamreza . 2018-04-01 . Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of the Interferon-γ Gene (IFN-γ +874 T/A) and the Prognosis of Hepatitis B Infection . Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases . 6 . 2 . 43–47 . 10.29252/jommid.6.2.3.43 . 2345-5349. free .
  3. Web site: Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Khorasan province, centered in Mashhad . fa . Lamtakam . https://web.archive.org/web/20231227195207/https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113047 . Ministry of Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council . Habibi . Hassan . 27 December 2023 . 21 June 1369 . 27 December 2023.
  4. Web site: Cities in Iran: 2005 Population Estimates. Mongabay.com.
  5. Research articles collection (archaeology, ancient inscriptions): Lakh-Mazar, Birjand. Rajab Ali Labbaf Khaniki, Rassul Bashash Kanzaq. 25. Iranian Cultural Heritage Organization. Summer 1994.
  6. Web site: 2008-11-21 . New Page 1 . 2022-01-28 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081121033731/http://www.birjandcity.com/Negin/html/fasl7.htm . 21 November 2008 . dead.
  7. Web site: Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006) . 29 . fa . The Statistical Center of Iran . AMAR . 25 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110920092820/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/29.xls . Excel . 20 September 2011.
  8. Web site: Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011) . 29 . fa . The Statistical Center of Iran . Syracuse University . https://web.archive.org/web/20230120174134/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/South-Khorasan.xls . 20 January 2023 . 19 December 2022 . Excel.
  9. Web site: Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016) . 29 . fa . The Statistical Center of Iran . AMAR . 19 December 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201017050122/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_29.xlsx . Excel . 17 October 2020.
  10. Web site: Flightradar24. Live Flight Tracker - Real-Time Flight Tracker Map. 2022-01-31. Flightradar24. en.
  11. Web site: 2008-03-02 . فرودگاهها . 2022-01-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080302105122/http://www.airport.ir/Persian/AirportInfo/AirportInfoshow.aspx . 2 March 2008 . dead.
  12. Web site: 2008-11-21 . برخى از گياهان داروئى شهرستان بيرجند و خواص درمانى آنها . 2022-01-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081121013512/http://www.birjandcity.com/Negin/html/fasl3.htm . 21 November 2008 . dead.
  13. Web site: 2008-11-21 . New Page 1 . 2022-01-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081121033731/http://www.birjandcity.com/Negin/html/fasl7.htm . 21 November 2008 . dead.
  14. Web site: University of Birjand. 2022-01-31. University of Birjand. en.
  15. Web site: Birjand University at a glance. 18 March 2023 . Birjand AC . https://web.archive.org/web/20080410225020/http://www.birjand.ac.ir/about.aspx . 10 April 2008 . dead.
  16. Web site: دانشگاه بیرجند - نگین آموزش عالی شرق کشور.
  17. Web site: دانشگاه صنعتی بیرجند تنها دانشگاه صنعتی شرق کشور.
  18. Web site: دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند . 6 February 2005 . 10 August 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070810014728/http://www.bums.ac.ir/ . dead .
  19. Web site: سامانه خدمت دانشگاه پیام نور استان خراسان جنوبی. www.skpnu.ac.ir. 10 April 2018.
  20. Web site: Islamic Azad University of Birjand (MMD) . 2006-07-28 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060824061100/http://www.iau-birjand.ac.ir/ . 2006-08-24 .

External links

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