| Type: | province |
| Other Name: | Bingöl ili |
| Seat: | Bingöl |
| Leader Name: | Ahmet Hamdi Usta |
| Area Total Km2: | 8003 |
| Leader Title: | Governor |
| Population Total: | 282556 |
| Population As Of: | 2022 |
| Iso Code: | TR-12 --> |
| Area Code: | 0426 |
Bingöl Province (Turkish: {{italics correction|Bingöl ili; Kurdish: Parêzgeha Çewlîg;[1] ;[2] Armenian: Ճապաղջուր զավառ) is a province of Turkey.[3] The province was known as Çapakçur Province before 1945 when it was renamed as Bingöl Province.[4] Its area is 8,003 km2,[5] and its population is 282,556 (2022).[6] The province encompasses 11 municipalities, 325 villages and 693 hamlets.[7]
The town of Genç was the scene of origin for the Kurdish Sheikh Said rebellion in 1925 and most of the region was captured by the rebels during the rebellion.[8]
As the current Governor of the province, Ahmet Hamdi Usta was appointed by the president in August 2023.[9]
The largest lake in Bingöl Province is Lake Bahri.[10] The main mountains in Bingöl province are the Genç Mountains, Akçara Mountains, Şerafettin Mountains and Bingöl Mountains.[11]
Kurds comprise the majority of the province and the province is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan.[12] [13] Its population is majority Sunni, conservative and many adhere to the Naqshbandi order.[14] [15] The province moreover has a significant Alevi minority.[16] Linguistically, the southern parts of the province speak Zaza, while the northern parts speak Kurmanji. Many Zaza-speakers speak Kurmanji as well.[17]
Bingöl Province was part of Bitlis Vilayet during the Ottoman era as Genç Sanjak and had a population of 36,011 in the 1881-1882 census. of the population was Muslim and the remaining was Armenian. In the census of 1897, the sanjak had a population of 47,652, of which was Muslim and was Armenian. All of the Armenians adhered to the Armenian Apostolic Church.[18]
In the 1906-1907 census, the sanjak had a population of 45,215 of which was Muslim and Armenians comprised the remaining . In the last Ottoman census in 1914, the region had a population of 38,096 of which was Muslim and Armenian.[19]
The first Turkish census which included Bingöl Province was the 1945 census, where the population was 75,550 who all were Muslims. Linguistically, the most spoken first language was Kurdish at, followed by Turkish at and Circassian at . In the 1950 census, Kurdish was the first language for of the population of 97,328, while Turkish remained the second largest language standing at and Circassian at . In the last census in 1965, Kurdish stood at and Turkish at .
A 2016 survey showed that 90.4% of the population spoke Turkish, 64.1% spoke Zaza, 40.1% spoke Kurmanji and 5.6% spoke Arabic.[20]
From 1923 to 1929, Bingöl Province was part of Elazığ Province and part of Muş Province from 1929 to 1936. It ultimately became a province in 1936.
In December 1935 the Tunceli Law was passed which demanded a more powerful government in the region.[21] Therefore, the region containing the present Bingöl province, together with the provinces of Tunceli, Erzincan and Elaziğ were included in the Fourth Inspectorate General (Umumi Müfettişlik, UM) in January 1936.[22] [23] The fourth UM was governed by a Governor Commander. All the employees in the municipalities were to be from the military and the Governor Commander had the authority to evacuate whole villages and resettle them in other parts of the province. in 1946 the Tunceli Law was abolished and the state of emergency removed but the authority of the fourth UM was transferred to the military. The Inspectorate General was dissolved in 1952 during the Government of the Democrat Party.[24]
Bingöl province is divided into 8 districts (capital district in bold):