| Great Russian Encyclopedia | |
| Editor: | Yury Osipov (editor-in-chief) |
| Illustrator: | Several |
| Country: | Russia |
| Language: | Russian |
| Subject: | General |
| Genre: | Reference encyclopaedia |
| Publisher: | Great Russian Encyclopedia |
| Release Date: | 2004—2017 |
| Pages: | Volume "Russia" – 1008, other volumes – on average 768 |
The Great Russian Encyclopedia (GRE; ru|Большая российская энциклопедия, БРЭ, transliterated as Bolshaya rossiyskaya entsiklopediya or academically as Bol'šaja rossijskaja ènciklopedija) is a universal Russian encyclopedia, completed in 36 volumes, published between 2004 and 2017 by Great Russian Encyclopedia, JSC (ru|Большая российская энциклопедия ПАО, transliterated as Bolshaya rossiyskaya entsiklopediya PAO). A successor to the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, it was released under the auspices of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) after President Vladimir Putin signed a presidential decree №1156 in 2002.[1] The complete edition was released by 2017.[2]
The chief editor of the encyclopedia was Yury Osipov, the president of the RAS. The editorial board had more than 80 RAS members.[1]
The first, introductory volume, released in 2004, was dedicated to Russia. Thirty-five volumes were released between 2005 and 2017, covering the range from "A" to "Яя" (Yaya).[3] The RAS plans to publish an updated version every five years, although it may not be issued in print after the first edition.
On 17 June 2024 the project was suspended due to discontinued funding from the Russian government and by October 2024, its materials are being transferred to Ruwiki.[4] [5] [6]
Yury Osipov, a mathematician, President of RAS (1991-2013), is the GRE Editor in Chief and Chairman of the Scientific Editorial Board.[7] [8] [9] [10] [11]
Managing editor is, journalist, editor and cultural figure.
Also in the scientific editorial board are or were:
Sergey S. Averintsev,Eugene N. Avrorin,Sergei I. Adian,,Zhores I. Alferov,,Alexander F. Andreev,,Dmitry V. Anosov,Vladimir I. Arnold,,Nikolai Bahvalov,,Alexander A. Boyarchuk,Evgeny Velikhov,,,Eric M. Galimov,,Mikhail L. Gasparov, Vitaly L. Ginzburg,Georgy S. Golitsyn,,,,,,,Yuri I. Zhuravlev,,,Viktor P. Ivannikov,,,,,,Sergei P. Karpov,,,,,,,,,,,,,Gennady A. Mesyats,,,Sergey P. Novikov, Yuri S. Osipov,,,,,Yuri V. Prokhorov,,,Alexander Y. Rumyantsev,,,Victor A. Sadovnichii,,Alexander S. Spirin, Yuri S. Stepanov, Vyacheslav S. Stepin, Michael L. Titarenko, Valery A. Tishkov, Yuri D. Tretyakov, Kliment N. Trubetskoy, Oleg H. Favorsky, Ludvig D. Faddeev, Vladimir Ye. Fortov,Konstantin V. Frolov, Yuri I. Chernov, Gorimir G. Chernii, Alexander O. Chubarian, Vitaly D. Shafranov, Sergey V. Shestakov, Dmitry V. Shirkov.
Boris A. Babayan,Vladimir I. Vasiliev,Piama P. Gaidenko,Rudolf V. Kamelin,Michael V. Kovalchuk,Nikolai I. Lapin,Sergey S. Lappo,Alexey V. Yablokov.
Vladimir I. Fisinin.
Aleksandr A. Avdeyev (Culture Minister in 2008–2012),
Andrei A. Fursenko (Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in 2004–2012),
Andrei A. Kokoshin (Secretary of the Russian Security Council in 1998),
Sergey E. Naryshkin (Head of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation in 2008–2011, Chairman of the State Duma of the Russian Federation since 2011),
Alexander S. Sokolov (musicologist, Culture Minister in 2004-2008),
Sergey K. Shoigu (Minister of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation in 1994–2012, Defense Minister from 2012),
Mikhail E. Shvydkoi (Culture Minister in 2000–2004),
Alexander D. Zhukov (Deputy Prime Minister in 2004–2011).
Alexei D. Bogaturov,Sergey V. Chemezov,Vladimir V. Grigoriev, Alexei I. Komech, Vladimir A. Mau, D. L. Orlov.
Publication schedule and contents of volumes:
| Vol. | Title (translit - translation) | Publication year | ISBN | pages | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | Россия (Rossija - Russia) | 2004 | 1008 | ||
| 1 | A (A) Анкетирование (Anketirovanie - Questionnaires) | 2005 | 766 | ||
| 2 | Анкилоз (Ankiloz - Ankylosis) Банка (Banka – Ocean bank) | 2005 | 766 | ||
| 3 | «Банкетная кампания» 1904 («Banketnaja kampanija» 1904 - Banquet Campaign of 1904) Большой Иргиз (Bol'shoj Irgiz) | 2005 | 766 | ||
| 4 | Большой Кавказ (Bol'shoj Kavkaz - Greater Caucasus) Великий канал (Velikij kanal - Great Channel) | 2006 | 766 | ||
| 5 | Великий князь (Velikij knjaz' – The Grand Duke) Восходящий узел орбиты (Voshodjashchij uzel orbity - ascending node of the orbit) | 2006 | 786 | ||
| 6 | Восьмеричный путь (Vos'merichnyj put' - Eightfold Path) Германцы (Germancy - Germanic peoples) | 2006 | 768 | ||
| 7 | Гермафродит (Germafrodit – Hermaphrodite) Григорьев (Grigor'ev - Grigoriev) | 2007 | 767 | ||
| 8 | Григорьев (Grigor'ev - Grigoriev) Динамика (Dinamika - Dynamics) | 2007 | 767 | ||
| 9 | Динамика атмосферы (Dinamika atmosfery - Dynamics of the atmosphere) Железнодорожный узел (Zheleznodorozhnyj uzel - Railway junction) | 2007 | 767 | ||
| 10 | Железное дерево (Zheleznoe derevo - Iron Tree) Излучение (Izluchenie - Radiation) | 2008 | 767 | ||
| 11 | Излучение плазмы (Izluchenie plazmy - Radiation plasma) Исламский фронт спасения (Islamskij front spasenija - the Islamic Salvation Front) | 2008 | 767 | ||
| 12 | Исландия (Islandija - Iceland) Канцеляризмы (Kanceljarizmy - Officialese) | 2008 | 767 | ||
| 13 | Канцелярия конфискации (Kanceljarija konfiskacii - Chancery of Confiscation) Киргизы (Kirgizy - Kirghiz) | 2009 | 783 | ||
| 14 | Киреев (Kireev - Kireyev) Конго (Kongo - Congo) | 2009 | 751 | ||
| 15 | Конго (Kongo - Congo) Крещение (Kreshchenie - Baptism) | 2010 | 767 | ||
| 16 | Крещение Господне (Kreshchenie Gospodne - Epiphany) Ласточковые (Lastochkovye - Hirundinidae) | 2010 | 751 | ||
| 17 | Лас-Тунас (Las-Tunas - Las Tunas) Ломонос (Lomonos - Clematis) | 2011 | 751 | ||
| 18 | Ломоносов (Lomonosov - Lomonosov) Манизер (Manizer - Manizer) | 2011 | 768 | ||
| 19 | Маниковский (Manikovskij - Iznikovsky) Меотида (Meotida - Maeotias) | 2012 | 768 | ||
| 20 | Меотская археологическая культура (Meotskaja arheologicheskaja kul'tura - Meotian archaeological culture) Монголо-татарское нашествие (Mongolo-tatarskoe nashestvie - Mongol-Tatar invasion) | 2012 | 768 | ||
| 21 | Монголы (Mongoly - Mongols) Наноматериалы (Nanomaterialy - Nanomaterials) | 2013 | 768 | ||
| 22 | Нанонаука (Nanonauka - Nanoscience) Николай Кавасила (Nikolaj Kavasila - Nicholas Kabasilas) | 2013 | 767 | ||
| 23 | Николай Кузанский (Nikolaj Kuzanskij - Nicholas of Cusa) Океан (Okean - Ocean) | 2013 | 767 | ||
| 24 | Океанариум (Okeanarium - Oceanarium) Оясио (Ojasio - Oyashio) | 2014 | 767[12] | ||
| 25 | П (P - П) Пертур (Pertur - Perturbation) | 2014 | 765[13] | ||
| 26 | Перу (Peru - Peru) Полуприцеп (Polupritsep - Semitrailer) | 2014 | 767[14] | ||
| 27 | Полупроводники (Poluprovodniki - Semiconductors) Пустыня (Pustynya - Desert) | 2014 | 767[15] | ||
| 28 | Пустырник (Pustyrnik - Motherwort) Румчерод (Rumcherod - Rumcherod) | 2015 | 767[16] | ||
| 29 | Румыния (Rumyniya - Romania) Сен-Жан-де-Люз (Sen-Zhan-de-Lyuz - Saint-Jean-de-Luz) | 2015 | 767[17] | ||
| 30 | Сен-Жерменский мир 1679 (Sen-Zhermenskiy mir 1679 - Saint-Germain Treaty 1679) Социальное обеспечение (Sotsial'noye obespecheniye - Social security) | 2016 | 767[18] | ||
| 31 | Социальное партнёрство (Sotsial'noye partnyorstvo - Social partnership) Телевидение (Televideniye - Television) | 2016 | 768[19] | ||
| 32 | Телевизионная башня (Televizionnaya bashnya - Television tower) Улан-Батор (Ulan-Bator - Ulaanbaatar) | 2016 | 768[20] | ||
| 33 | Уланд (Uland - Uhland) Хватцев (Khvatsev - Khvatsev) | 2017 | 799[21] | ||
| 34 | Хвойка (Khvoyka - Khvoyka) Шервинский (Shervinsky - Shervinsky) | 2017 | 799[22] | ||
| 35 | Шервуд (Shervud - Sherwood) Яя (Yaya - Yaya) | 2017 | 799[23] |
In 2022, an electronic version, was launched at, described as a Russian government alternative to Wikipedia.[24] Some assumed that this will be associated with blocking Wikipedia or competing with it, however Russian officials disavowed this claim.[25] [26]
While it was widely recognized that the Great Soviet Encyclopedia needed a replacement, the need for a print encyclopedia has been questioned, since many other analogues have now moved online, such as the Encyclopædia Britannica and the Brockhaus Enzyklopädie.[27]
Critics complain that many of the biographies, historical entries, and cultural articles are narrow and biased: according to writer and literary critic, several of the articles are "quite superficial" and "the lists of references at the end were often extremely biased". While admitting that some of the articles in the encyclopedia were "excellent", Podosokorsky still stated that he maintained a generally negative view of the project.
