| Biała Rawska | |
| Pushpin Map: | Poland |
| Pushpin Label Position: | bottom |
| Coordinates: | 51.8°N 49°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Type1: | Voivodeship |
| Subdivision Name1: | Łódź |
| Subdivision Type2: | County |
| Subdivision Name2: | Rawa |
| Subdivision Type3: | Gmina |
| Subdivision Name3: | Biała Rawska |
| Leader Title: | Mayor |
| Leader Name: | Wacław Adamczyk |
| Government Footnotes: | [1] |
| Area Total Km2: | 9.53 |
| Area Footnotes: | [2] |
| Population As Of: | 31 December 2021 |
| Population Total: | 3081 |
| Population Density Km2: | 323 |
| Population Footnotes: | [3] [4] |
| Timezone: | CET |
| Utc Offset: | +1 |
| Timezone Dst: | CEST |
| Utc Offset Dst: | +2 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 96-230 |
| Area Code: | +48 46 |
| Blank Name: | Car plates |
| Blank Info: | ERW |
| Blank Name Sec2: | Voivodeship roads |
| Website: | http://www.bialarawska.pl/ |
Biała Rawska is a town in Rawa County, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland, with 3,081 inhabitants as of December 2021.[3]
Biala Rawska is one of the oldest settlements of historic Mazovia. In the 12th century, it probably was an administrative center and the seat of a castellan, but first written document which confirms the existence of Bela, as it was called, comes from 1246. The gord of Bela was protected by a wooden rampart, as it did not have a defensive wall. The castellany of Bela was in the 14th century transferred to Rawa Mazowiecka.
It is not known when Biala Rawska received town charter, but it happened before 1498. At that time, the town was property of Bishops of Chelm, and was an important administrative center, seat of Biala County of Rawa Voivodeship. Located along busy merchant trails to Mazovian Czersk, Leczyca and Sandomierz, Biala prospered. Good times ended in the 1650s, during the disastrous Swedish invasion of Poland, after which the population of Biala was reduced to only 100 people. The town never recovered from Swedish destruction: in 1777, its population was only 186.
In 1870, following January Uprising, Biala lost its town charter, recovering it in 1925. In 1900, the population was over 2,000, with a significant Jewish element. In 1921, Biala's population was 2328, with 38% Poles and 61% Jews.
During World War II, Biala lost 1,800 people. That includes almost all of the approximately 1200 Jews who lived there in 1939. During the war, the Jews were persecuted and robbed; in 1941 the Jewish populace was forced to live in a ghetto. Six or seven families shared each room and as a consequence there were epidemics of typhus and other diseases. Around ten people a day died in the ghetto. In August 1942, German and Polish police surrounded the ghetto and forced Jews into trains destined for Treblinka. At Treblinka, all were murdered immediately by gassing. Only a handful of Biala Rawska's Jews survived the Holocaust.[5]