British Asians in association football include British citizens with heritage or joint nationality of any Asian country; there is a long history of British Asian football players in England particularly, dating back to the Victorian era, albeit in low numbers. In modern times the proportionately low number of British Asians in association football has received significant media attention, and has seen some clubs announce plans to explicitly target young British Asian players.[1] [2] Prominent British Asian players have included Frank Soo, Neil Taylor, Zesh Rehman, Jimmy Carter and Michael Chopra.
In October 2017 the BBC reported that out of 3,000 professional footballers in England, only 10 were British Asian.[3] In 2019, academic Daniel Kilvington suggested a figure of 10 British Asians out of a total of 4,000 professional players in the English game.[4] By contrast, at the time of the 2011 census around 7.5% of the population of England was of Asian descent – a ratio of footballers mirroring this would be 300 out of the 4,000.
The earliest documented British Asian players were the Cother brothers who appeared for Watford in the late 1890s, their father was an Indian man from Mumbai. Later in the 20th century the British Chinese players Frank Soo and Sammy Chung had prominent careers. Soo became the first ethnic minority player to represent England, albeit in Victory International matches that were not included on full senior records; he went on to have a long coaching career, particularly in Sweden where he won the Allsvenskan with Djurgardens IF in 1955.[5] Chung played over 200 league matches for Watford and went on to manage Wolverhampton Wanderers in the 1970s and Doncaster Rovers in the 1990s.[6]
Roger Verdi, of Indian origin, decided to change his name because of racism, and had to move to the United States to start a professional career in 1972.[7] [8]
Robert Rosario became the first British Asian to play in the Premier League, when he started for Coventry City against Middlesbrough on 15 August 1992.[9] Jimmy Carter, who had played in the Premiership in 1991, also had Indian heritage and became the second British Asian to play in that league, when he played against Blackburn Rovers three days later on 18 August 1992. However he did not disclose his heritage,[10] and until he did so, Zesh Rehman, of Pakistani origin, and Michael Chopra of Indian origin, were both claimed to be the first British Asians to play in the Premiership, in 2003 and 2004, respectively.[11] [12] Rehman later launched his own Foundation in May 2010, with the intention of helping young British Asians in football.[13] [14]
A Commission for Racial Equality survey in 2004 found only seven professional British Asian footballers playing in the UK; the same survey also found only ten British Asian players at Premier League academies.[15] By February 2008 the number of professionals had dropped to just five, and less than 1 in 100 of young players in Academies throughout the entire English football league system were Asian.[16] Current professionals, such as Adnan Ahmed, have publicly spoken out about the lack of fellow Asians in the sport.[17]
Anwar Uddin, of Bangladeshi origin, was the first British Asian to captain a side in any of the top four divisions of English League football.[18]
In October 2013 the Football Association announced plans to encourage an increase in British Asian players and coaches.[19] [20]
In December 2015, Yan Dhanda, of Indian heritage, signed a two-and-a-half-year deal with Liverpool.[21]
Easah Suliman, of Pakistani descent, became the first player of Asian heritage to captain an England football side, having done so at Under-16, Under-17 and Under-19 levels,[22] Suliman played every game at centre back in the England Under-19s victorious UEFA European Under-19 Championship campaign in July 2017, scoring the opening goal in England's 2–1 final victory over Portugal.[23]
On 28 November 2017, Hamza Choudhury made his Premier League debut for Leicester coming on as substitute in the 83rd minute of a home win against Tottenham Hotspur. He is the first player of Bangladeshi descent to have played in the Premier League, as well as the only Bangladeshi to currently play in the Premier League.[24]
In February 2019, Adil Nabi said that he wanted to be an inspiration to other British Asian footballers, in the same way that Cyrille Regis and Laurie Cunningham had done for black players.[25]
In October 2019 there were "just 12 players of South Asian heritage across the Premier League and the English Football League".[26]
On 29 October 2020, Hamza Choudhury scored a 39th-minute volley against AEK Athens in the UEFA Europa League, becoming the first British Asian footballer to score in the Europa League.[27]
In December 2021, Shadab Iftikhar became the first British Asian to be a senior manager in Scotland when he took charge of Fort William.[28]
On 8 December 2021, Zidane Iqbal came on as an 89th-minute substitute in Manchester United's final UEFA Champions League group stage match against BSC Young Boys to become the first ever British Asian footballer to play in a Champions League finals match, being of Pakistani and Iraqi descent.[29]
In June 2022, Mal Benning spoke out about being a role model for South Asian players.[30]
On 1 November 2023, Elkan Baggott scored his first goal for the Blues against Fulham in a 1–3 defeat in the fourth round of the EFL Cup, making him the first Indonesian to score a goal in the competition.[31]
In November 2023 it was announced that the number of South Asian professional players in English football had risen for a second year in a row.[32] In March 2023 they made up 0.45% of the 5,000 professional players.[33]
Correct as of 2022, Paul Wilson, Ricky Hill and Neil Taylor are the only three British Asian men's footballers to have won full senior international caps for one of the home nations. Wilson was the first British South Asian to represent any of the home nations when he made his senior international debut for Scotland in his only appearance in 1975.[34] [35] Hill was the first British South Asian to represent England at the senior level,[36] making 3 appearances for England between his debut in 1982 and his last match in 1986.[37] Taylor made 43 appearances for Wales between his debut in 2010 and last match in 2019. He also represented Great Britain at the 2012 Summer Olympics.[38]
In 2023, Safia Middleton-Patel made her senior international debut for Wales, becoming the first women's footballer to be capped for one of the home nations.[39] [40]
Frank Soo, of Chinese heritage, played for the England wartime team and remains the only player of East Asian heritage to do so.[41]
In August 2007, trials were organised by the Pakistan Football Federation in Rotherham, South Yorkshire for British Pakistanis players to attend a training camp with the Pakistan national team.[42]
There are a number of Asian-specific football teams such as London APSA, Sporting Khalsa and Sporting Bengal United, who became the first Asian clubs to play in the FA Cup in 2005.[15]
In October 2007, clubs in the Football League began out-reach programmes into Asian communities to attract new fans.[43]
In March 2009, Premier League club Chelsea announced plans to target young players from Asian communities.[44] Two players found on the trial later signed with Southend United and Leyton Orient, and in May 2010 Chelsea launched a second initiative, with the aim to find six young British Asian players.[45]
In December 1999, a Scottish Asian football fan publicly spoke out about the racism he had encountered at Rangers.[46]
Research compiled by the Premier League in March 2009 concluded that more British Asians were attending games than ever before.[47] However, research in 2013 by the BBC found that only 1% of fans of teams in the North West of England are Asian, despite making up 20% of the population of some areas.[48]
Bradford City has a British Asian fan group called the 'Baji Bantams', who have won awards for their work in the community.[49]
Jarnail Singh, who is of Indian descent, has been described as a "trailblazer" for Asian referees.[50]
In January 2023, Bhupinder Singh Gill became the first Sikh-Punjabi to serve as a Premier League assistant referee.[51] In March 2024 his brother Sunny Singh Gill became the first British South Asian referee in the Premier League.[52] Their father Jarnail Singh had been a referee in the English Football League from 2004 to 2010.[53]
Launched to recognise the outstanding contribution to both the professional game and grass roots initiatives by individuals and groups across the UK with South Asian heritage, the awards focus on the positive efforts made in the football industry.[54]
The Football Association has held meetings on the matter of British Asians in association football,[55] and they launched a campaign in 2013 to increase British Asians in football,[56] though in March 2014 it announced plans to increase the number of British Asians in football would be delayed.[57] FA chairman Greg Dyke admitted in December 2014 that attempts to increase Asian participation in the sport had failed.[58]
In January 2012 the inaugural Asian Football Awards were held.[59]
See main article: Racism in association football.
In April 2019 British Asian footballers spoke out about the racist abuse they had encountered.[60] In August 2019 Yan Dhanda said that the racism he has encountered as a British Asian footballer inspires him to play his best.[61]
In March 2024, British Asian football fans spoke out about the racism they experience on social media.[62]
The following is a list of notable British Asian footballers – those who have participated at professional or international level – organised by ethnic heritage.
| Name | Heritage | Debut[63] | International details | Notes & references |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Husin, Noor | Afghanistan | 2016 | Full caps for Afghanistan | |
| Kouhyar, Maziar | Afghanistan | 2016 | Full caps for Afghanistan | |
| Choudhury, Hamza | Bangladesh | 2015 | Youth caps for England | [64] |
| Ahmed, Shahed | Bangladesh | 2004 | [65] | |
| Uddin, Anwar | Bangladesh | 2002 | ||
| Chung, Sammy | Republic of China | 1951 | ||
| Soo, Frank | Republic of China | 1933 | Full caps for the England wartime and Victory International sides during and shortly after World War II. The first player of East Asian descent to play for any England side. | |
| Jack Cother | India | 1897 | Played for Watford and Watford St. Mary's in the Victorian era with his brother Edwin. Jack also went by the name John. Their father was an Indian man from Mumbai. | [66] [67] |
| Edwin Cother | India | 1898 | Played for Watford and Watford St. Mary's in the Victorian era with his brother Jack. Their father was an Indian man from Mumbai. | |
| Heppolette, Ricky | India | 1967 | First Asian to play in the Football League[68] | |
| Bains, Rikki | India | 2006 | ||
| Batth, Danny | India | 2009 | [69] | |
| Benning, Mal | India | 2012 | ||
| Carter, Jimmy | India | 1987 | Second Asian to play in the Premier League, but did not disclose his background at the time.[70] | |
| Chopra, Michael | India | 2000 | Youth caps for England | In August 2014 Chopra stated that he wanted to play for India at international level.[71] |
| Dhanda, Yan | India | 2018 | Youth caps for England | |
| Dosanj, Aman | India | 1999 | Youth caps for England Women | First British Asian to represent England Women in official matches at any level.[72] [73] |
| Hill, Ricky | India | 1976 | Full caps for England | First British South Asian to represent England at senior level |
| Jhooti, Permi | India | 1997 | ||
| Juttla, Jazz | India | 1997 | [74] [75] | |
| Luthra, Rohan | India | 2023 | First goalkeeper of South Asian descent to play in the EFL Championship[76] | |
| Markanday, Dilan | India | 2022 | [77] | |
| Middleton-Patel, Safia | India | 2023 | Youth and Full caps for Wales Women | |
| Rosario, Robert | India | 1983 | Youth caps for England | First Asian to play in the Premier League |
| Sansara, Netan | India | 2008 | Youth caps for England | |
| Sekhon, Aaron | India | 2011 | [78] [79] | |
| Singh, Harpal | India | 2001 | ||
| Taylor, Neil | India | 2007 | Full caps for Wales | [80] |
| Verdi, Roger | India | 1972 | ||
| Verma, Aman | India | 2009 | ||
| Williams, Rhys | India | 2008 | Full caps for Australia | Born in Australia to a British father and an Indian mother |
| Williams, Ryan | India | 2011 | Australia U-20 caps | Born in Australia to a British father and an Indian Mother |
| Wilson, Paul | India | 1967 | Full caps for Scotland | First British South Asian to represent any of the home nations at senior level |
| Baggott, Elkan | Indonesia | 2022 | Youth and Full caps for Indonesia | First Indonesian player to play in an English professional league.[81] |
| Nasseri, Navid | Iran | 2018 | ||
| Samizadeh, Alex | Iran | 2016 | ||
| Walker, Dennis | Iran | 1961 | The first black footballer to make a senior appearance for Manchester United.[82] | |
| Iqbal, Zidane | Iraq, Pakistan | 2021 | Full caps for Iraq | The first British-born South Asian footballer to make a senior appearance for Manchester United[83] |
| Kasim, Yaser | Iraq | 2010 | Full caps for Iraq | |
| Al-Hamadi, Ali | Iraq | 2021 | Full caps for Iraq | |
| Jalal, Shwan | Iraq | 2000 | Full caps for England C | |
| Ale, Asmita | Nepal | 2018 | Youth caps for England Women up to U-19 level. | |
| Rai, Kiban | Nepal | 2023 | First Nepalese-heritage professional in English system[84] | |
| Abdullah, Mckeal | Pakistan | 2023 | Full caps for Pakistan | [85] |
| Ahmed, Adnan | Pakistan | 2004 | Full caps for Pakistan | |
| Asghar, Adam | Pakistan | 2013 | [86] | |
| Ashraf, Reis | Pakistan | 2009 | Full caps for Pakistan | |
| Bashir, Atif | Pakistan | 2004 | Full caps for Pakistan | Born in Germany to a British Asian father and a German Turkish mother. |
| Docker, Adam | Pakistan | 2007 | Full caps for Pakistan | |
| Gondal, Usman | Pakistan | 2006 | Full caps for Pakistan | |
| Hamid, Harun | Pakistan | 2023 | Full caps for Pakistan | |
| Iqbal, Amjad | Pakistan | 2007 | Full caps for Pakistan | |
| Kayani, Imran | Pakistan | 2020 | Full caps for Pakistan | [87] |
| Khan, Otis | Pakistan | 2013 | Full caps for Pakistan | |
| Khan, Sabhir | Pakistan | 2009 | Full caps for Pakistan | |
| Nabi, Adil | Pakistan | 2013 | Youth caps for England; full caps for Pakistan | |
| Nabi, Rahis | Pakistan | 2018 | Youth caps for England; full caps for Pakistan | |
| Nabi, Samir | Pakistan | 2016 | Full caps for Pakistan | |
| Rehman, Zesh | Pakistan | 2003 | Youth caps for England; full caps for Pakistan | |
| Sarwar, Rashid | Pakistan | 1985 | [88] | |
| Siddiqi, Kashif | Pakistan | 2005 | Full caps for Pakistan | |
| Suliman, Easah | Pakistan | 2015 | Youth caps for England; full caps for Pakistan | First player of Pakistani heritage to captain an England side.[89] |
| Etheridge, Neil | Philippines | 2008 | Full caps for Philippines | |
| Hartmann, Mark | Philippines | 2011 | Full caps for Philippines | |
| Hartmann, Matthew | Philippines | 2006 | Full caps for Philippines | |
| Gier, Rob | Philippines | 2000 | Full caps for Philippines | |
| Gould, Chad | Philippines | 2004 | Full caps for Philippines | |
| Greatwich, Christopher | Philippines | 2004 | Full caps for Philippines | |
| Greatwich, Phil | Philippines | 2006 | Full caps for Philippines | |
| Greatwich, Simon | Philippines | 2008 | Full caps for Philippines | |
| Younghusband, James | Philippines | 2006 | Full caps for Philippines | |
| Younghusband, Phil | Philippines | 2006 | Full caps for Philippines | |
| Ali, Mukhtar | Saudi Arabia | 2017 | Full caps for Saudi Arabia | |
| Ng, Perry | Singapore | 2014 | [90] | |
| Chow, Tim | Taiwan | 2015 | Capped at senior level for Chinese Taipei, the name for Taiwan in international sport | [91] |
| Chunonsee, Mika | Thailand | 2007 | Youth caps for Wales; full caps for Thailand | |
| Ramasut, Tom | Thailand | 1996 | Youth caps for Wales | |
| Waite, Jamie | Thailand | 2004 | Full caps for Thailand | |
| Mohamed, Kaid | Yemen | 2003 | ||
The 2002 film Bend It Like Beckham deals with issues relating to British Asians in football.