Bhrigu Explained

Affiliation:Saptarishi
Type:Hindu
Father:Brahma
Spouse:Kavyamata, Puloma, Khyati, Divyadevi, and Paulami
Children:
  • Shukra (from Kavyamata)
  • Chyavana (from Puloma)
  • Dhata, Vidhata, and Bhargavi (from Khyati)
  • Tvashta (from Divyadevi)
  • Richika (from Paulami)

Bhrigu (Sanskrit: भृगु,) is a rishi of Adi-rishi tradition. He is one of the seven great sages, the Saptarshis, and one of the many Prajapatis (the facilitators of creation) created by Brahma.[1] The first compiler of predictive astrology and also the author of Bhrigu Samhita, an astrological (jyotisha) classic. Bhrigu is considered a manasaputra ("mind-born-son") of Brahma. The adjectival form of the name, Bhargava, is used to refer to the descendants and the school of Bhrigu. According to Manusmriti, Bhrigu was a compatriot of and lived during the time of Manu, the progenitor of humanity.[2] Along with Manu, Bhrigu had made important contributions to the Manusmriti, which was constituted out of a sermon to a congregation of saints in the state of Brahmavarta, after the great floods in this area.[3] As per the Skanda Purana, Bhrigu migrated to Bhrigukaccha, modern Bharuch, on the banks of the Narmada river in Gujarat, leaving his son Chyavana at Dhosi Hill.

According to Bhagavata Purana, he was married to Khyati, one of the nine daughters of Prajapati Kardama. She was the mother of Lakshmi as Bhargavi.[4] They also had two sons named Dhata and Vidhata. He had one more son with Kavyamata, who is better known than Bhrigu himself – Shukra, learned sage and guru of the asuras. The sage Chyavana is also said to be his son with Puloma, as is the folk hero Mrikanda.[5] [Maha:1.5] One of his descendants was sage Jamadagni, who in turn was the father of sage Parashurama, considered an avatar of Vishnu.[6] [7] [8]

Legends

Bhrigu is mentioned in the Shiva Purana and the Vayu Purana, where he is shown present during the great yajna of Daksha (his father-in-law).[9] He supports the continuation of the Daksha yajna even after being warned that without an offering for Shiva, it was asking for a catastrophe for everyone present there. In the Tattiriya Upanishad, he is described to have had a conversation with his father Varuni on Brahman.

In the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna says that among sages, Bhrigu is the representative of the opulence of God.[10]

Testing the Trimurti

The Bhagavata Purana describes a legend in which sages gathered at the bank of the river Sarasvati to participate in a great yajna. The gathered sages could not decide who among the Trimurti (supreme trinity) of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva was pre-eminent and should be the recipient of the yajna. They deputed Bhrigu to determine this answer.

Upon being entrusted with the task, Bhrigu decided to test each of the Trimurti. He first visited Brahma at Satyaloka, and to test his patience, he refused to sing in his praise or prostrate before him. Brahma grew angry, but realised that his son was testing him and allowed him to pass. Bhrigu left for Kailasha, the abode of Shiva. Upon seeing the sage, Shiva rose to his feet and moved forward with great joy to embrace the sage. Bhrigu, however, refused the embrace, and tested him by calling the deity a maligner of social conventions and rituals. Shiva was infuriated and prepared to strike the sage with his trident, but was calmed by his consort, Parvati. The sage then travelled to the abode of Vishnu, Vaikuntha. Vishnu was resting his head on the lap of Lakshmi when the sage arrived. Bhrigu kicked Vishnu on the chest to wake him up, enraged by the perceived insult. Vishnu woke up, greeted Bhrigu, and starts massaging his feet, regarding his chest to have been sanctified due to its contact with the sage's foot. Overpowered with emotion, Bhrigu went back to the sages and declared Vishnu to be the greatest among the Trimurti.[11] [12]

According to some traditions, Vishnu's consort Lakshmi grew angry at him because the chest was considered as Lakshmi's place (vakshasthala) and left Vaikuntha to be born on earth. She was found on a lotus flower, and was raised by Bhrigu and his wife Khyati, which is why another name of Lakshmi is Bhargavi, daughter of Bhrigu. Since she was found on a lotus, she is also called Padmavati.[13] [14]

A variation of this is the legend behind Tirupati, in which a furious Lakshmi is born as Padmavati on earth and Vishnu assumes the form of Srinivasa and Venkateswara.[15]

Associated sites

Bhrigu is regarded to have had his ashram (hermitage) on the Vadhusar River, a tributary of the Drishadwati River near Dhosi Hill in the state of Brahmavarta,[16] presently on the border of Haryana and the Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan in India.[17] [18]

His son Chyavana, known for Chyavanprash also had his Ashram at Dhosi Hill. Bhrigu is also worshipped at Bharuch, Swamimalai, Tirumala, Ballia, Nanguneri, Thiruneermalai, and Mannargudi.

An ashram for Bhrigu is in Maruderi, Chengalpattu district in Tamil Nadu. Khedbrahma in Gujarat is associated with Brahma and Bhrigu's legend of testing the Trimurti. Lastly, Bhrigu migrated to Bhuinj Satara, Maharashtra where he took Samadhi. His ashram and his daughter's temple also situated there. His son's ashram and samadhi are also situated on Chyavaneshwar hill near Bhuinj.

Literature

Upanishads

In Tattiriya Upanishad, first six anuvakas of Bhrigu Valli are called Bhargavi Varuni Vidya, which means "the knowledge Bhrigu got from (his father) Varuni". It is in these anuvakas that sage Varuni advises Bhrigu with one of the oft-cited definition of Brahman, as "that from which beings originate, through which they live, and in which they re-enter after death, explore that because that is Brahman".[19] This thematic, all encompassing, eternal nature of reality and existence develops as the basis for Bhrigu's emphasis on introspection and inwardization, to help peel off the outer husks of knowledge, in order to reach and realize the innermost kernel of spiritual self-knowledge.[19]

Bhrigu Samhita

Bhrigu decided to write his famous books of astrology, the Bhrigu Samhita. Bhrigu collected birth charts, wrote full-life predictions, and compiled them together as Bhrigu Samhita. Bhrigu Samhita is believed to be one of the first book of its kind in the field of astrology.[20] [21] [22] [23] [24]

Lineage

The lineage of Bhrigu includes Shukra, Chyavana, Aurva, Richika, Jamadagni, Parashurama, Bhargava, Balai, and Dadhichi.[25] [26] [27]

Shukra, son of Bhrigu and Puloma, is considered to be a Daitya-Guru, teacher of the Asuras.[28] Additionally, Shukra is also known the planet Venus in astronomical terms.[29]

Once, while Puloma was pregnant with Chyavana, Bhrigu had gone for a bath. While he was gone, an asura who was also named Puloma came to Bhrigu's ashram in the form of a boar and kidnapped, or carried away, Bhrigu's wife. Because of this, Bhrigu's wife had a miscarriage. Despite being prematurely born, the infant was radiating light like the sun, which burned the asura into ashes. Later, when Puloma went back to Bhrigu with her prematurely-born yet miraculous child, Bhrigu asked her how the asura had come to know of the location of the ashram. She revealed that it was Agni who had told the asura Puloma about their whereabouts. Angered, Bhrigu cursed Agni that he would consume all that came in his way.[30]

References

Sources

Notes and References

  1. Book: http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m02/m02011.htm . . Book 2: Sabha Parva: Lokapala Sabhakhayana Parva: Section XI . Kisari Mohan Ganguli . Kisari Mohan Ganguli . 25 . And Daksha, Prachetas, Pulaha, Marichi, the master Kasyapa, Bhrigu, Atri, and Vasistha and Gautama, and also Angiras, and Pulastya, Kraut, Prahlada, and Kardama, these Prajapatis, and Angirasa of the Atharvan Veda, the Valikhilyas, the Marichipas; Intelligence, Space, Knowledge, Air, Heat, Water, Earth, Sound, Touch, Form, Taste, Scent; Nature, and the Modes (of Nature), and the elemental and prime causes of the world – all stay in that mansion beside the Lord Brahma. And Agastya of great energy, and Markandeya, of great ascetic power, and Jamadagni and Bharadwaja, and Samvarta, and Chyavana, and exalted Durvasa, and the virtuous Rishyasringa, the illustrious Sanatkumara of great ascetic merit and the preceptor in all matters affecting Yoga . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231027194957/https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m02/m02011.htm . Oct 27, 2023 .
  2. Book: Gopal, Madan. India through the ages. 1990. 78. K.S. Gautam. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India.
  3. A.V. Sankran, Saraswati – the ancient river lost in the desert, Current Science, 1997, Vol. 72, pages 160–61
  4. Book: 7 Secrets Of The Goddess. 9789395073073. Pattanaik. Devdutt. 16 August 2023. Westland.
  5. Book: The Vishnu Purana a System of Hindu Mythology and Tradition Translated from the Original Sanskrit, and Illustrated by Notes Derived Chiefly from Other Puranas by the Late H.H. Wilson: 1. 1864. Trubner. 152–.
  6. Book: Subodh Kapoor. A Dictionary of Hinduism: Including Its Mythology, Religion, History, Literature, and Pantheon. 2004. Cosmo Publications. 978-81-7755-874-6. 185–.
  7. Book: George Mason Williams. Handbook of Hindu Mythology. registration. 2003. ABC-CLIO. 978-1-57607-106-9. 160–161.
  8. Book: Yves Bonnefoy. Wendy Doniger. Asian Mythologies. 1993. University of Chicago Press. 978-0-226-06456-7. 82–83.
  9. http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/vp/vp043.htm Vishnu Purana
  10. http://www.bhagavad-gita.org/Gita/verse-10-23.html Bhagavad Gītā – Chapter 10 Verse 25
  11. Book: Tapasyananda, Swami . Srimad Bhagavata Volume – 3 . Sri Ramakrishna Math(vedantabooks.org) . 743 . en.
  12. Book: Coulter . Charles Russell . Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities . Turner . Patricia . 2013-07-04 . Routledge . 978-1-135-96397-2 . 228 . en.
  13. News: Pattanaik . Devdutt . 2020-11-13 . Bhrigu: The Father of Fortune . 2024-07-05 . The Economic Times . 0013-0389.
  14. Book: Walker, Benjamin . Hindu World: An Encyclopedic Survey of Hinduism. In Two Volumes. Volume I A-L . 2019-04-09 . Routledge . 978-0-429-62465-0 . en.
  15. Book: Dalal, Roshen . Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide . 2010 . Penguin Books India . 978-0-14-341421-6 . 453 . en.
  16. Mahabharta, Van Parv, page 1308, Geeta Press, Gorakhpur
  17. Sudhir Bhargava, "Location of Brahmavarta and Drishadwati river is important to find earliest alignment of Saraswati river" Seminar, Saraswati river-a perspective, Nov. 20–22, 2009, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, organised by: Saraswati Nadi Shodh Sansthan, Haryana, Seminar Report: pages 114–117
  18. Padampuran
  19. Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass,, pages 241-246
  20. Book: Koʻmarhanʻ . Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ Samuiṅʻʺ . Myanmar Historical Commission conference proceedings . Myanmar Historical Commission, Golden Jubilee Publication Committee . 12 August 2018. 2005 .
  21. Book: Experts . Disha . The History Compendium for IAS Prelims General Studies CSAT Paper 1, UPSC & State PSC . 1 May 2017 . Disha Publication . 978-9386323446 . Second .
  22. Book: Rao . T.M. . Bhrigu Samhita . Pustak Mahal . 978-8122310214 . 12 August 2018. 2008 .
  23. Book: Eyzdagird . Erhiem . Bhrigu Samhita: el Primer Libro de Astrología Védica: Traducción Al Español de Manuscritos de Hojas Del período Védico . Independently Published . 978-1980573210 . 12 August 2018. 16 March 2018 .
  24. Book: Lane . David . The World's Oldest Astrological Book: The Bhrigu Samhita of Ancient India . 18 March 2011 . MSAC Philosophy Group .
  25. Web site: Arya . Vedveer . 2022-10-03 . A Genealogical Account of Bhrigu Gotra from Saptarshis . 2023-12-27 . myIndiamyGlory . en-GB.
  26. Web site: Pravase . Saptarishi Seven Sages Who Guided Humanity, Saptarshi Pravase . 2023-12-27 . pravase.co.in . en.
  27. Book: Bhalla, Prem P. . ABC of Hinduism . Educreation Publishing . en.
  28. Rathore . Pushpendra Singh . "A Study of Narrative Structures in The Novel Duryodhana by V. Raghunathan." . World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development.
  29. Book: Blavatsky, H. P. . The secret doctrine: The synthesis of science, religion, and philosophy . 2014 . Theosophical University Press . 978-1-55700-228-0 . Unabridged verbatim . Pasadena, California.
  30. Book: Vyasa's Mahabharatam . 2008 . Academic Publishers . 978-81-89781-68-2 . en.