The Bhishti or Bahishti are a Muslim tribe or found in North India, Pakistan and Nepal. They are also known as Abbasi, Bahishti Abbasi, Sheikh Abbasi and Saqqa. They often use the surnames Abbasi or Sheikh Abbasi. The Sheikh Abbasi belongs to the Arab tribe Banu Abbas. Bhistis traditionally served as water-carriers in the military.
The first recorded Bhisti in history was Bhisti "Hazrat Abbas" traced back to 680 AD. During the war being fought by Imam Husayn and his army in Damascus, Abbas died crossing the Furat river (Euphrates) to bring water to Husayn and his army.[1]
Bhishtis trace their ancestry to Hazrat Abbas, son of the fourth Rashidun Caliph, Imam Ali. Hazrat Abbas was known for his bravery and devotion to Islam, which earned him numerous titles. One of them was 'Saqqa' or water-carrier, a honorific bestowed after the battle of Karbala in Iraq (680 CE), in which he sacrificed his life to fetch water for his half-brother Imam Hussain's children. Lucknow is still home to Dargah Hazrat Abbas, built to honour the sacrifice of the original water-bearer. During the Uprising of 1857, the shrine provided assistance to the Indian sepoys and Begum Hazrat Mahal. True to their origin on the battlefields of Karbala, the bhishtis continued to play an important role in the Subcontinent's military history through the Mughal and British eras. The water-bearers were a critical part of every major army retinue. In 1539, at the battle of Chausa in present-day Bihar, a bhishti saved Mughal emperor Humayun’s life in the battle against Sher Shah Suri. This nameless hero inflated a mashak, so the Emperor crossed the Ganga on it and escaped to safety. He was rewarded with a day on the throne as imperial commendation for his bravery. The bhisti is believed to have been laid to rest in one of the many unmarked graves at Ajmer Sharif Dargah.[2]
The bahishti has become a tribe which involves different castes, such as Abbasi, Qureshi, Turk, Farooqi, Samri Chohan, Behlim. Abbasi are well known as Bahishti. The reason is that a lot of Abbasids families came to India after the downfall of Baghdad, in which some families hid their identity and did different work while some families adopted the water-carrier profession into the Mughal Army and some families adopted this profession in the British Army.
The remarkable courage occasionally exhibited by bhistis under fire is well known. It is said that at the time of the distribution of Mutiny honors, a Colonel of English Cavalry was asked to select a man from his regiment who had specially distinguished himself, that he might be honored by the receipt of the V.C. The regimental bhisti was chosen as being the man who had exceeded every soldier in the regiment in his deeds of daring. On hearing that a bhisti could not be the recipient, the Commanding Officer refused to name anyone else. He based it on the grounds that, although many acts of bravery had been performed by his men, none could be compared with the heroism of the regimental water-carrier. So it was not awarded.[3]
Muslim communities of IndiaTribes of PakistanThe British Raj keywordKarnataka - Part 1 - Page 319The Central Provinces Gazette - Parts 7–8; Part 10 - Page 435Maharashtra - Part 1 - Page 336The British Raj: Keywords - Page 29خدمت سقایہ اور حضرت عباسؓآٸینہ حقیقت و خدمت سقایہGunga Din and Other Favorite Poems - Page 69Census of India, 1901 - Volume 18, Part 1 - Page 494Census of India, 1901 - Volume 18, Part 1 - Page 494