Beutepanzer (German,)[1] is the German designation for a captured armored fighting vehicle. The Germans used Beutepanzers to gain insight into enemy technology and to augment their own armored forces.
Beutepanzers were usually repainted to sport distinctive national emblems and unit insignia in order to reduce friendly fire from other Central Power forces.
During World War I, the Germans had many Beutepanzers in their arsenal, far exceeding the production of their own tanks. Beutepanzers were given a German national cross and new camouflage. By the end of the war, a total of 170 Beutepanzers were still in running condition with 35 reported to be battle ready. In comparison, over a third of the 20 A7V tanks built by Germany had been destroyed or captured by then.
Most Beutepanzers were British Mk IVs, but also a small amount of Whippet tanks and various types of French tanks were captured too. The Germans first captured Mk IVs during and after the Battle of Cambrai (1917). They were further modified including the replacement of their guns. They first saw action in March 1918, during Operation Michael and later during the Hundred Days Offensive.[2]
Beutepanzers played an important role in the Wehrmacht.[3] After the occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1939, many Czech tanks were claimed. In October 1940, the Heeresamt ordered two of each Beutepanzer type to be delivered to the Army Weapons Office for evaluation. Beutepanzers were used by the German Army on all fronts.
During the Western Campaign, Germany had captured 691 British tanks in total with an estimate of 350 being reusable. Most Beutepanzers captured during the campaign were modified into observation tanks or ammunition transports. Heavily damaged units were salvaged for spare parts. Additionally, roughly 1,800 modern (non-FT-17s) French tanks were captured during the May–June campaign and returned to service as Beutepanzers, alongside a similar number destroyed beyond repair.[4]
The Germans captured many T-26 and BT tanks[5] on the Eastern Front from 1941 to 1942.
The Germans were not the only users of captured tanks, though other nations usually did not deploy captured vehicles into combat. The Soviets were able to secure a Tiger 1 at Leningrad captured on 16 January 1943, with the British later capturing a Tiger 1 tank (Tiger 131) in Tunisia on the 21st of April 1943.
A complete list of all Beutepanzers in German service are available in Chamberlain and Doyle's Encyclopedia of German Tanks of World War Two.
| Pz.Kpfw. 35(t)[7] | Škoda LT vz. 35 | Czechoslovakia |
| Pz.Kpfw. 38(t) | CKD-Praga LT-H | |
| Praga T-33 | ||
| Pz.Kpfw. T-26C 740(r) | T-26 | Soviet Union |
| T-50 | ||
| Pz.Kpfw. 751(r) | T-35 | |
| T-60 | ||
| Pz.Kpfw. KW I 756(r) | KV-1 | |
| Pz.Kpfw. KW II 754(r) | KV-2 | |
| Pz.Kpfw. 747(r) | T-34 | |
| IS-2 | ||
| BA-10 203 (r) | BA-10 | |
| Artillery Tug 604 | Comintern | |
| Pz.Kpfw. Kreuzer Mk VI 746(e) | Crusader I | United Kingdom |
| Sturmpanzer Churchill | Churchill | |
| Pz.Jg. Bren 731(e) | British Universal Carrier | |
| 7TP | Poland | |
| wz. 34 | ||
| Pz.Kpfw. 35H 734(f) | Hotchkiss H-35 | France |
| Pz.Kpfw. 39H 735(f) | Hotchkiss H-39 | |
| Pz.Kpfw. B2 740(f) | Renault Char B1 | |
| Pz.Kpfw. 18R 730(f) | Renault FT | |
| Pz.Kpfw. 35R 731(f) | Renault R35 | |
| Autoblindo AB41 | Italy | |
| Sd.Kfz 735 (i) | Fiat M13/40 | |
| Pz.Kpfw. P40 737(i) | Fiat P26/40 | |
| Sturmgeschütz M42 | Semnovente 75/18 | |
| Pz.Kpfw. M4 748 (a) | M4 Sherman | USA |
| Pz.Kpfw. M3 747 (a) | M3 Lee | |
| Pz.Kpfw. M3 740 (a) | M3 Stuart | |
| Sturmgeschütz III | Nazi Germany | |
| T-V | Pz.Kpfw. V Panther | |
| T-IV | Pz.Kpfw. IV | |
| T-III | Pz.Kpfw. III | |
| LT-38 Praga | Pz.Kpfw. 38(t) | |
| T-1 | Pz.Kpfw. I | |
| BT-7 | Soviet Union |
| T-26 | |
| T-28 | |
| T-34 | |
| KV-1 |
| T-40 | Soviet Union |
| Sturmgeschütz III | Nazi Germany | |
| King Tiger | Sd.Kfz. 182 | |
| Tiger | Sd.Kfz. 181 | |
| Panther | Pz.Kpfw. V Panther | Nazi Germany |
| Panther | Pz.Kpfw. V Panther | Nazi Germany |
| Tigre | Sd.Kfz. 181 | |
| Panzer IV | ||