| Bettiah | |
| Settlement Type: | City |
| Pushpin Map: | India Bihar |
| Pushpin Label Position: | right |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Bihar, India |
| Coordinates: | 26.8014°N 84.5028°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  India |
| Subdivision Type1: | State |
| Subdivision Type2: | District |
| Subdivision Name1: | Bihar |
| Subdivision Name2: | West Champaran |
| Established Date: | 1244 AD |
| Founder: | Gangeshwar Dev |
| Government Type: | Mayor-council |
| Governing Body: | Bettiah Municipal corporation |
| Unit Pref: | Metric |
| Area Total Km2: | 24 |
| Area Urban Km2: | 64 |
| Elevation M: | 65 |
| Population Urban: | 414453 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 |
| Population Footnotes: | as estimated |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Population Rank: | 14th(as in 2011)in Bihar |
| Demographics Type1: | Language |
| Demographics1 Title1: | Official |
| Demographics1 Info1: | Hindi[1] |
| Demographics1 Title2: | Additional official |
| Demographics1 Info2: | Urdu |
| Demographics1 Title3: | Regional |
| Demographics1 Info3: | Bhojpuri[2] |
| Timezone1: | IST |
| Utc Offset1: | +5:30 |
| Postal Code Type: | PIN |
| Postal Code: | 845438 |
| Area Code: | 06254 |
| Area Code Type: | BTH |
| Iso Code: | IN-BR |
| Registration Plate: | BR-22 |
| Blank1 Name Sec1: | Sex ratio |
| Blank1 Info Sec1: | 53% male : 47% female ♂/♀ |
| Blank2 Name Sec1: | Lok Sabha constituency |
| Blank2 Info Sec1: | Paschim Champaran/was before Bettiah |
| Blank3 Name Sec1: | Vidhan Sabha constituency |
| Blank3 Info Sec1: | Bettiah |
Bettiah is a city and the administrative headquarters of West Champaran district (Tirhut Division)[3] - (Tirhut). It is near the Indo-Nepal border, northwest of Patna, in the state of Bihar, India.
In 1244 A.D., Gangeshwar Dev, a Brahmin of the Jaitharia clan, settled at Jaithar in Champaran.[4] One of his descendants, Agar Sen, acquired large territories during the reign of Emperor Jehangir, and was bestowed the title of 'Raja' by Emperor Shah Jahan. In 1659, he was succeeded by his son Raja Guj Singh, who built the palace of the family at Bettiah. He died in 1694 A.D. The palace stands today and is used as a marketplace.
In 1740, a Roman Catholic mission was founded in the city.[5]
In 1765, when the East India Company acquired the Diwani, the Bettiah Raj held the largest amount of territory under its jurisdiction.[6] It consisted of all of Champaran except for a small portion held by the Ram Nagar Raj (also held by a Brahmin family).
Maharaja Sir Harendra Kishore Singh was the last king of Bettiah Raj. He was born in 1854 and succeeded his father, the late Maharaja Rajendra Kishore Singh Bahadur in 1883. In 1884, he received the title of Maharaja Bahadur as a personal distinction and a Khilat and a sanad from the hands of the Lieutenant Governor of Bengal, Sir Augustus Rivers Thompson. He was created a Knight Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire on 1 March 1889. He was appointed a member of the Legislative Council of Bengal in January 1891. He was also a member of The Asiatic Society. He was the last ruler of Bettiah Raj.Maharaja Sir Harendra Kishore Singh Bahadur died heirless on 26 March 1893, leaving behind two widows, Maharani Sheo Ratna Kunwar and Maharani Janki Kunwar. There are a few institutions named after the queen Maharani Janki Kunwar, such as M.J.K College and M.J.K Hospital.The Bettiah Gharana was one of the oldest styles of vocalized music.[7] Madhuban was part of the erstwhile 'Bettiah Raj'. Internal disputes and family quarrels divided the Bettiah Raj as time went on. As a result, the Madhuban Raj was created.
In 1869, Bettiah was constituted and affirmed as a municipality.
A section of Dhrupad singers of Dilli Gharana (Delhi Gharana) from the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan's court had migrated to Bettiah under the patronage of Bettiah Raj, and thus was sown the seed of Bettiah Gharana. The well-known Dagar brothers had praised the Bettiah Dhrupad singers and some of them were invited to the Bharat Bhavan in Bhopal to perform with other accomplished singers in 1990.
The University of Bihar has a local branch of its college in Bettiah, M.J.K. College, first established in 1955 under the name of Bettiah Mahavidyalya. The current name is in honor of Maharani Janki Kunwar of the Bettiah Raj.[8]
On 26 December 2020, Bettiah became a municipal corporation. It includes Tola San Saraiya, Banuchapar, Kargahiya east and nearby areas. Development and upgrades to the local infrastructure are planned.[9]
The climate of Bettiah is characterised by high temperatures and high precipitation especially during the monsoon season. The Köppen Climate Classification sub-type for this climate is "Cwa" (Dry-winter humid subtropical climate).
As of 2011 Indian Census, Bettiah NP had a total population of 132,209, of which 69,529 were males and 62,680 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 18,995. The total number of literates in Bettiah was 91,298, which constituted 69.1% of the population with male literacy of 72.7% and female literacy of 64.9%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Bettiah was 80.6%, of which male literacy rate was 85.0% and female literacy rate was 75.8%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 8,266 and 828 respectively. Bettiah had 24,463 households in 2011.[10]
As per 2011 census, the Bettiah Urban Agglomeration had a total population of 156,200, with 82,663 males and 73,537 females. The population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 22,067, and the effective literacy rate (literacy of people above the age of 7) was 80.89%.[11] The urban agglomeration includes Bettiah (municipal corporation), Tola Mansaraut (census town), Kargahia Purab (census town) and Hat Saraiya (census town).[12]
On 26 December 2020, Bettiah became a municipal corporation. It included Tola San Saraiya, Banuchapar, Kargahiya east, and other nearby areas. The total population at this time was 414,453[9]
Bettiah is connected to different cities of India through railways. Bettiah railway station is the main railway station serving the city. Direct trains are available to all the major destinations across India like Patna, Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Guwahati, Ahemdabad, Lucknow, Jaipur, Jammu & Katra, etc.
Prajapati Halt railway station, also known as Bettiah Cant Railway station, is another railway station serving the city.
The National Highways 727, 139W, 28B, 727aa, and State Highway 54 pass through the city.
The National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) has declared a new Patna-Bettiah road as National Highway 139W, setting the stage for the construction of a high-quality four-lane road between the two towns that would reduce the distance between them to 167 kilometres from the current 200-odd km, and travel time to around two hours.[15]
The new Gopalganj-Bettiah Road passes through the New Town section of Tola San Saraiyan. Through this new road, a distance of is shortened from the commute to Gopalganj-Bettiah.[16]
A new expressway is currently being constructed via Bettiah which links Gorakhpur to Siliguri.[17]
A direct NH is being constructed to link Bettiah to Gorakhpur, designated 727aa. NH727AA connects Manuapul (Bettiah), Patzirwa, Paknaha, Pipraghat, and Sevrahi in the states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.[18]
The nearest airport is Kushinagar International Airport which is about from Bettiah. The nearest airport in Bihar is Jay Prakash Narayan International Airport located in Patna which is about from Muzaffarpur and from Areraj.