Bette Otto-Bliesner Explained

Bette L. Otto-Bliesner
Birth Name:Bette Lou Otto
Birth Date:1950
Birth Place:Chicago, Illinois[1]
Workplaces:National Center for Atmospheric Research
Alma Mater:University of Wisconsin-Madison
Thesis Title:The dynamics of seasonal change of the long waves as deduced from a low-order general cirulation model
Thesis Url:https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/858395483
Thesis Year:1980
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Bette Otto-Bliesner is an earth scientist known for her modeling of Earth's past climate and its changes over different geological eras.

Education and career

Otto-Bliesner graduated from William Fremd High School in Palatine, Illinois in 1968.[2] She has a B.S. in meteorology from the University of Madison-Wisconsin (1972).[1] In 1974, she earned her M.S. from University of Wisconsin - Madison with a thesis titled "Isentropically time-averaged mass circulations in the Northern Hemisphere".[3] She earned her Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1980,[4] and was an associate scientist there from 1980 to 1986. After two years as a contract scientist at ARC Technologies, Otto-Bliesner joined the Department of Geology at the University of Texas at Arlington where she worked from 1990 to 1996. She joined the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in 1997 where she was promoted to senior scientist in 2007.[5]

Otto-Bliesner has worked on multiple chapters in the Assessment Review reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, an organization which was awarded the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize for its long series of such reports.[6] [7] She was one of the 16 lead authors on the 2007 chapter on "Paleoclimate".[8] She was one of the 17 lead authors on the 2013 chapter on "Information from the Paleoclimate Archives".[9]

Research

Otto-Bliesner's research connects paleogeographic information with global climate models. Through this approach, she has examined interactions between continental weathering and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels in the period from 570 to 425 million years ago,[10] revealed that deciduous forests help regulate temperatures in the Cretaceous period,[11] and identified factors leading to the persistence of snow on continental ice sheets.[12] Her modeling work has also assessed temporal variability in El Niño/La Niña cycles[13] [14] and regional summer monsoons.[15] Through models jointly considering atmospheric conditions and the ocean, Otto-Bliesner's research has linked deep ocean circulation and global climate in the late Cretaceous (80 million years ago)[16] and the Last Glacial Maximum.[17] [18] [19] [20] This research focus has revealed that changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation are linked freshwater input into the ocean[21] [22] and the Bølling-Allerød warming at the end of the last glacial period.[23] Through a combination of direct sampling and modeling, her research has detailed the forcing that led to the Little Ice Age.[24] [25] In polar regions, Otto-Bliesner has modeled variability in Arctic temperatures[26] which result in the retreat[27] or collapse[28] of polar ice sheets followed by increases in sea level.[29] [30]

Otto-Bliesner also works on developing the methods used to establish climate models and through this has enabled low-resolution depictions of atmospheric conditions that can be coupled with high-resolution circulation models.[31] [32] Through collaborative analysis of the effectiveness of climate models, Otto-Bliesner has examined the connections between greenhouse gasses and global warming,[33] [34] she has weighed the impact of the sun, volcanic ash, and greenhouse gasses on temperatures on Earth[35] and she participated in projects that evaluate climate models through comparisons with paleoclimate data.[36] [37] [38] Most recently, she helped establish the framework of the Community Earth System Model that links model forcing parameters with data from the last thousand years.[39]

In 2020, Jiang Zhu, Christopher Poulsen, and Otto-Bliesner published an analysis of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) which revealed that the model is overly sensitive to atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and produces higher surface temperatures than would be predicted when the model is validated using historical data.[40] [41] The next IPCC assessment report will use CMIP6 in its predictions of future climate change, Otto-Bliesner noted "Figuring out whether the high climate sensitivity in CMIP6 models is realistic is of tremendous importance for us to anticipate future warming and to make adaptation plans”.[42]

Selected publications

Awards and honors

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Bette Otto-Bliesner. 2021-06-28. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences. en-US.
  2. Web site: Yumpu.com. 2008 Distinguished Graduates Senior Pictures Welcome to the .... 2021-06-28. yumpu.com. en.
  3. Isentropically time-averaged mass circulations in the northern hemisphere. 1974.. 1974. Bette Lou. Otto. M.S.. ocm53790819.
  4. The dynamics of seasonal change of the long waves as deduced from a low-order general cirulation model. 1980. English. Bette Lou. Otto-Bliesner. 858395483 .
  5. Web site: September 2020. Otto-Bliesner CV. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210628023608/https://staff.ucar.edu/sites/default/files/CVs/Otto-Bliesner-CV-September2020.pdf . 2021-06-28 .
  6. Web site: The Nobel Peace Prize 2007. 2021-06-28. NobelPrize.org. the scientific reports it has issued over the past two decades. en-US.
  7. Web site: IPCC Authors (beta). 2021-06-29. archive.ipcc.ch. .
  8. Web site: Chapter 6: Palaeoclimate - AR4 WGI. 2021-06-29. archive.ipcc.ch.
  9. Web site: Information from the paleoclimate archives. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190306054251/https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter05_FINAL.pdf . 2019-03-06 .
  10. Otto-Bliesner. Bette L.. 1995. Continental drift, runoff, and weathering feedbacks: Implications from climate model experiments. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. en. 100. D6. 11537–11548. 10.1029/95JD00591. 1995JGR...10011537O. 2156-2202.
  11. Otto-Bliesner. Bette L.. Upchurch. Garland R.. 1997. Vegetation-induced warming of high-latitude regions during the Late Cretaceous period. Nature. en. 385. 6619. 804–807. 10.1038/385804a0. 1997Natur.385..804O. 4244713. 1476-4687.
  12. Otto-Bliesner. Bette L.. 1996. Initiation of a continental ice sheet in a global climate model (GENESIS). Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. en. 101. D12. 16909–16920. 10.1029/96JD01161. 1996JGR...10116909O. 2156-2202.
  13. Otto-Bliesner. Bette L.. 1999. El Niño/La Niña and Sahel precipitation during the Middle Holocene. Geophysical Research Letters. en. 26. 1. 87–90. 10.1029/1998GL900236. 1999GeoRL..26...87O. 1944-8007.
  14. Meehl. G. A.. Gent. P. R.. Arblaster. J. M.. Otto-Bliesner. B. L.. Brady. E. C.. Craig. A.. 2001-04-01. Factors that affect the amplitude of El Nino in global coupled climate models. Climate Dynamics. en. 17. 7. 515–526. 10.1007/PL00007929. 2001ClDy...17..515M. 129003858. 1432-0894.
  15. Liu. Z.. Otto-Bliesner. B.. Kutzbach. J.. Li. L.. Shields. C.. 2003-08-01. Coupled Climate Simulation of the Evolution of Global Monsoons in the Holocene. Journal of Climate. EN. 16. 15. 2472–2490. 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<2472:CCSOTE>2.0.CO;2. 2003JCli...16.2472L. 0894-8755. free.
  16. Otto-Bliesner. Bette L.. Brady. Esther C.. Shields. Christine. 2002. Late Cretaceous ocean: Coupled simulations with the National Center for Atmospheric Research Climate System Model. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. en. 107. D2. ACL 11–1–ACL 11–14. 10.1029/2001JD000821. 2002JGRD..107.4019O. 2156-2202. free.
  17. Shin. S.-I.. Liu. Z.. Otto-Bliesner. B.. Brady. E.. Kutzbach. J.. Harrison. S.. 2003-01-01. A Simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum climate using the NCAR-CCSM. Climate Dynamics. en. 20. 2. 127–151. 10.1007/s00382-002-0260-x. 54078913. 1432-0894.
  18. Otto-Bliesner. Bette L.. Brady. Esther C.. Clauzet. Gabriel. Tomas. Robert. Levis. Samuel. Kothavala. Zav. 2006-06-01. Last Glacial Maximum and Holocene Climate in CCSM3. Journal of Climate. EN. 19. 11. 2526–2544. 10.1175/JCLI3748.1. 2006JCli...19.2526O. 0894-8755. free.
  19. Braconnot. P.. Otto-Bliesner. B.. Harrison. S.. Joussaume. S.. Peterchmitt. J.-Y.. Abe-Ouchi. A.. Crucifix. M.. Driesschaert. E.. Fichefet. Th. Hewitt. C. D.. Kageyama. M.. 2007-06-04. Results of PMIP2 coupled simulations of the Mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum  - Part 1: experiments and large-scale features. Climate of the Past. English. 3. 2. 261–277. 10.5194/cp-3-261-2007. 2007CliPa...3..261B. 17817309 . 1814-9324. free.
  20. Otto-Bliesner. Bette L.. Schneider. Ralph. Brady. E. C.. Kucera. M.. Abe-Ouchi. A.. Bard. E.. Braconnot. P.. Crucifix. M.. Hewitt. C. D.. Kageyama. M.. Marti. O.. 2009-05-01. A comparison of PMIP2 model simulations and the MARGO proxy reconstruction for tropical sea surface temperatures at last glacial maximum. Climate Dynamics. en. 32. 6. 799–815. 10.1007/s00382-008-0509-0. 2009ClDy...32..799O. 56069329. 1432-0894.
  21. 2010-01-01. The sensitivity of the climate response to the magnitude and location of freshwater forcing: last glacial maximum experiments. Quaternary Science Reviews. en. 29. 1–2. 56–73. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.07.004. 0277-3791. Otto-Bliesner. Bette L.. Brady. Esther C.. 2010QSRv...29...56O.
  22. Hu. Aixue. Meehl. Gerald A.. Otto-Bliesner. Bette L.. Waelbroeck. Claire. Han. Weiqing. Loutre. Marie-France. Lambeck. Kurt. Mitrovica. Jerry X.. Rosenbloom. Nan. 2010. Influence of Bering Strait flow and North Atlantic circulation on glacial sea-level changes. Nature Geoscience. en. 3. 2. 118–121. 10.1038/ngeo729. 2010NatGe...3..118H. 1885/30691. 1752-0908. free.
  23. Liu. Z.. Otto-Bliesner. B. L.. He. F.. Brady. E. C.. Tomas. R.. Clark. P. U.. Carlson. A. E.. Lynch-Stieglitz. J.. Jean Lynch-Stieglitz. Curry. W.. Brook. E.. Erickson. D.. 2009-07-17. Transient Simulation of Last Deglaciation with a New Mechanism for Bolling-Allerod Warming. Science. en. 325. 5938. 310–314. 10.1126/science.1171041. 19608916. 2009Sci...325..310L. 16383717. 0036-8075.
  24. Miller. Gifford H.. Geirsdóttir. Áslaug. Zhong. Yafang. Larsen. Darren J.. Otto-Bliesner. Bette L.. Holland. Marika M.. Marika Holland. Bailey. David A.. Refsnider. Kurt A.. Lehman. Scott J.. Southon. John R.. Anderson. Chance. 2012. Abrupt onset of the Little Ice Age triggered by volcanism and sustained by sea-ice/ocean feedbacks: LITTLE ICE AGE TRIGGERED BY VOLCANISM. Geophysical Research Letters. en. 39. 2. n/a. 10.1029/2011GL050168. 20.500.11820/0e0471d0-1f4b-489d-b163-9bf03f39cfe5. 15313398 . free.
  25. Web site: Foster. Joanna M.. 2012-01-31. In the Little Ice Age, Lessons for Today. 2021-06-29. Green Blog. en-US.
  26. Kaufman. D. S.. Schneider. D. P.. McKay. N. P.. Ammann. C. M.. Bradley. R. S.. Briffa. K. R.. Miller. G. H.. Otto-Bliesner. B. L.. Overpeck. J. T.. Vinther. B. M.. Arctic Lakes 2k Project Members. 2009-09-04. Recent Warming Reverses Long-Term Arctic Cooling. Science. en. 325. 5945. 1236–1239. 10.1126/science.1173983. 19729653. 2009Sci...325.1236K. 23844037. 0036-8075.
  27. Otto-Bliesner. B. L.. 2006-03-24. Simulating Arctic Climate Warmth and Icefield Retreat in the Last Interglaciation. Science. en. 311. 5768. 1751–1753. 10.1126/science.1120808. 16556838. 2006Sci...311.1751O. 35153489. 0036-8075.
  28. Marcott. Shaun A.. Clark. Peter U.. Padman. Laurie. Klinkhammer. Gary P.. Springer. Scott R.. Liu. Zhengyu. Otto-Bliesner. Bette L.. Carlson. Anders E.. Ungerer. Andy. Padman. June. He. Feng. 2011-08-16. Ice-shelf collapse from subsurface warming as a trigger for Heinrich events. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108. 33. 13415–13419. 10.1073/pnas.1104772108. 3158189. 21808034. 2011PNAS..10813415M. free.
  29. Overpeck. J. T.. Bette L.. Otto-Bliesner. Gifford H.. Miller. Daniel R.. Muhs. Richard B. Alley. Jeffrey T.. Kiehl. 2006-03-24. Paleoclimatic Evidence for Future Ice-Sheet Instability and Rapid Sea-Level Rise. Science. en. 311. 5768. 1747–1750. 10.1126/science.1115159. 16556837. 2006Sci...311.1747O. 36048003. 0036-8075.
  30. News: Revkin. Andrew C.. 2006-03-24. Climate Data Hint at Irreversible Rise in Seas. en-US. The New York Times. 2021-06-29. 0362-4331.
  31. Otto-Bliesner. Bette L.. Branstator. Grant W.. Houghton. David D.. 1982-05-01. A Global Low-order Spectral General Circulation Model. Part 1: Formulation and Seasonal Climatology. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. EN. 39. 5. 929–948. 10.1175/1520-0469(1982)039<0929:AGLOSG>2.0.CO;2. 1982JAtS...39..929O. 0022-4928.
  32. Kutzbach. J. E.. Otto-Bliesner. B. L.. 1982-06-01. The Sensitivity of the African-Asian Monsoonal Climate to Orbital Parameter Changes for 9000 Years B.P. in a Low-Resolution General Circulation Model. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. EN. 39. 6. 1177–1188. 10.1175/1520-0469(1982)039<1177:TSOTAA>2.0.CO;2. 1982JAtS...39.1177K. 0022-4928. free.
  33. Shakun. Jeremy D.. Clark. Peter U.. He. Feng. Marcott. Shaun A.. Mix. Alan C.. Liu. Zhengyu. Otto-Bliesner. Bette. Schmittner. Andreas. Bard. Edouard. 2012. Global warming preceded by increasing carbon dioxide concentrations during the last deglaciation. Nature. en. 484. 7392. 49–54. 10.1038/nature10915. 22481357. 2012Natur.484...49S. 2027.42/147130. 2152480. 1476-4687. free.
  34. Clark. Peter U.. Shakun. Jeremy D.. Baker. Paul A.. Bartlein. Patrick J.. Brewer. Simon. Brook. Ed. Carlson. Anders E.. Cheng. Hai. Kaufman. Darrell S.. Liu. Zhengyu. Marchitto. Thomas M.. 2012-05-08. Global climate evolution during the last deglaciation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109. 19. E1134–E1142. 10.1073/pnas.1116619109. 3358890. 22331892. free.
  35. Ammann. Caspar M.. Joos. Fortunat. Schimel. David S.. Otto-Bliesner. Bette L.. Tomas. Robert A.. 2007-03-06. Solar influence on climate during the past millennium: Results from transient simulations with the NCAR Climate System Model. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104. 10. 3713–3718. 10.1073/pnas.0605064103. 1810336. 17360418. 2007PNAS..104.3713A. free.
  36. Braconnot. Pascale. Harrison. Sandy P.. Kageyama. Masa. Bartlein. Patrick J.. Masson-Delmotte. Valerie. Abe-Ouchi. Ayako. Otto-Bliesner. Bette. Zhao. Yan. 2012. Evaluation of climate models using palaeoclimatic data. Nature Climate Change. en. 2. 6. 417–424. 10.1038/nclimate1456. 2012NatCC...2..417B. 1758-6798.
  37. Rohling. E. J.. Sluijs. A.. Dijkstra. H. A.. Köhler. P.. van de Wal. R. S. W.. von der Heydt. A. S.. Beerling. D. J.. Berger. A.. Bijl. P. K.. Crucifix. M.. 2012. Making sense of palaeoclimate sensitivity. Nature. en. 491. 7426. 683–691. 10.1038/nature11574. 23192145. 2012Natur.491..683P. 1874/385699. 2840337. 1476-4687. free.
  38. Otto-Bliesner. Bette L.. Rosenbloom. Nan. Stone. Emma J.. McKay. Nicholas P.. Lunt. Daniel J.. Brady. Esther C.. Overpeck. Jonathan T.. 2013-10-28. How warm was the last interglacial? New model–data comparisons. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 371. 2001. 20130097. 10.1098/rsta.2013.0097. 24043870. 2013RSPTA.37130097O. 131665263. free.
  39. Otto-Bliesner. Bette L.. Brady. Esther C.. Fasullo. John. Jahn. Alexandra. Landrum. Laura. Stevenson. Samantha. Rosenbloom. Nan. Mai. Andrew. Strand. Gary. 2016-05-01. Climate Variability and Change since 850 CE: An Ensemble Approach with the Community Earth System Model. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. EN. 97. 5. 735–754. 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00233.1. 2016BAMS...97..735O. 0003-0007. free.
  40. Zhu. Jiang. Poulsen. Christopher J.. Otto-Bliesner. Bette L.. 2020. High climate sensitivity in CMIP6 model not supported by paleoclimate. Nature Climate Change. en. 10. 5. 378–379. 10.1038/s41558-020-0764-6. 2020NatCC..10..378Z. 217167140. 1758-6798.
  41. Web site: Harvey. Chelsea. May 12, 2020. SCIENCE: Climate models got hotter. Why they might be overshooting. live. 2021-06-30. www.eenews.net. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20200517172558/https://www.eenews.net/stories/1063110279 . 2020-05-17 .
  42. Web site: 2020-05-01. Unsettled Science: Latest Climate Models Have Unrealistically High Projections of Future Warming. live. 2021-06-30. SciTechDaily. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20200501134752/https://scitechdaily.com/unsettled-science-latest-climate-models-have-unrealistically-high-projections-of-future-warming/ . 2020-05-01 .
  43. Web site: Union Fellows AGU. 2021-06-28. www.agu.org.
  44. Web site: Cesare Emiliani Lecture AGU. 2021-06-28. www.agu.org.

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