Beta-amyrin synthase explained

β-Amyrin synthase
Ec Number:5.4.99.39

β-amyrin synthase (2,3-oxidosqualene beta-amyrin cyclase, AsbAS1, BPY, EtAS, GgbAS1, LjAMY1, MtAMY1, PNY, BgbAS) is an enzyme with systematic name (3S)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydrosqualene mutase (cyclizing, beta-amyrin-forming).[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

(3S)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydrosqualene

\rightleftharpoons

beta-amyrin

Some organism possess a monofunctional beta-amyrin synthase.

Notes and References

  1. Purification of squalene-2,3-epoxide cyclases from cell suspension cultures of Rabdosia japonica Hara . Abe I, Ebizuka Y, Seo S, Sankawa U . FEBS Lett. . 1989 . 249 . 100–104 . 10.1016/0014-5793(89)80024-9. 84003375 .
  2. Purification of 2,3-oxdosqualene:β-amyrin cyclase from pea seedlings . Abe I, Sankawa U, Ebizuka Y . Chem. Pharm. Bull. . 1989 . 37 . 536– . 10.1248/cpb.37.536. free .
  3. Kushiro T, Shibuya M, Ebizuka Y . Beta-amyrin synthase--cloning of oxidosqualene cyclase that catalyzes the formation of the most popular triterpene among higher plants . European Journal of Biochemistry . 256 . 1 . 238–44 . August 1998 . 9746369 . 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2560238.x . free .
  4. Hayashi H, Huang P, Kirakosyan A, Inoue K, Hiraoka N, Ikeshiro Y, Kushiro T, Shibuya M, Ebizuka Y . Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding beta-amyrin synthase involved in glycyrrhizin and soyasaponin biosyntheses in licorice . Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin . 24 . 8 . 912–6 . August 2001 . 11510484 . 10.1248/bpb.24.912 . free .
  5. Husselstein-Muller T, Schaller H, Benveniste P . Molecular cloning and expression in yeast of 2,3-oxidosqualene-triterpenoid cyclases from Arabidopsis thaliana . Plant Molecular Biology . 45 . 1 . 75–92 . January 2001 . 11247608 . 10.1023/A:1006476123930 . 20346811 .
  6. Iturbe-Ormaetxe I, Haralampidis K, Papadopoulou K, Osbourn AE . Molecular cloning and characterization of triterpene synthases from Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus . Plant Molecular Biology . 51 . 5 . 731–43 . March 2003 . 12683345 . 10.1023/a:1022519709298 . 33111263 .
  7. Zhang H, Shibuya M, Yokota S, Ebizuka Y . Oxidosqualene cyclases from cell suspension cultures of Betula platyphylla var. japonica: molecular evolution of oxidosqualene cyclases in higher plants . Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin . 26 . 5 . 642–50 . May 2003 . 12736505 . 10.1248/bpb.26.642 . free .
  8. Hayashi H, Huang P, Takada S, Obinata M, Inoue K, Shibuya M, Ebizuka Y . Differential expression of three oxidosqualene cyclase mRNAs in Glycyrrhiza glabra . Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin . 27 . 7 . 1086–92 . July 2004 . 15256745 . 10.1248/bpb.27.1086 . free .
  9. Kajikawa M, Yamato KT, Fukuzawa H, Sakai Y, Uchida H, Ohyama K . Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding beta-amyrin synthase from petroleum plant Euphorbia tirucalli L . Phytochemistry . 66 . 15 . 1759–66 . August 2005 . 16005035 . 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.05.021 .
  10. Basyuni M, Oku H, Tsujimoto E, Kinjo K, Baba S, Takara K . Triterpene synthases from the Okinawan mangrove tribe, Rhizophoraceae . The FEBS Journal . 274 . 19 . 5028–42 . October 2007 . 17803686 . 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06025.x .
  11. Liu Y, Cai Y, Zhao Z, Wang J, Li J, Xin W, Xia G, Xiang F . Cloning and Functional Analysis of a beta-amyrin synthase gene associated with oleanolic acid biosynthesis in Gentiana straminea MAXIM . Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin . 32 . 5 . 818–24 . May 2009 . 19420748 . 10.1248/bpb.32.818 . free .

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