| Bersa Sheikh (Ducha) | |
| Era: | Modern |
| Honorific-Prefix: | Sheikh |
| Religion: | Islam |
| Denomination: | Sunni |
| Lineage: | Kurchaloy |
| Education: | Unknown |
| Nationality: | Chechen |
| Home Town: | Nizhny Kurchali |
| Birth Name: | Ducha |
| Birth Date: | 1561 |
| Birth Place: | Guni/Guni, Vedensky District, Chechnya |
| Death Place: | Nizhny Kurchali, Vedensky District, Chechnya |
| Resting Place: | Ziyarat of Bersa Sheikh, Nizhny Kurchali, Chechnya |
| Mother: | Chilla |
| Father: | Timirbulat |
| Sheikh | |
Bersa-Sheikh (born Ducha; Chechen: Берса-Шайх; 1561 – 1623) was a Chechen sheikh and one of the first Islamic preachers in Chechnya who played a major role in the Islamisation of the Chechens of Nakhch-Mokhk (Ichkeria). Bersa-Sheikh was a friend and associate of Termaol Shaykh, one of the preachers of Islam in Chechnya around 1607 (according to another version in 1590).[1]
Genealogical tree of the Kurchaloyans from Nashkh came Kushul. Kushul — Kurchalha (12th century) — Khanbilha — Chabalkha — Chaykha — Chergishkha — Begal — Oku — Tovla — Maila (Maig) — Tovbolat — Tembolat — Timirbolat — Bersa (the first preacher of Islam — 1561.) — Turlo — Abbas — Mokhmad-ela — Murtaz-ela — Aidamir — Edalgir — Bulun Botakh (naib in Ichkeria — 1858).[2] [3]
Bersa-Sheikh was born as Duchi into Chechen family of the clan (teip)[4] in the village of Guni (located in present-day Vedensky District, Chechenya) in 1561. His father Timirbulat died before he born while his mother Chill was a Gunoi toastmaster. Until the age of fifteen, Bersa-Sheikh grew up in the home of Orza, his uncle from the mother's side. He was left fatherless early on, brought up by his mother at her in-laws in the village of Guni, where his mother had gone after the death of her husband. When Bersa was fifteen, he returned to his father's home.[5] Bersa was married to a girl from his native aul, but the mother of his sons was a native of the village of Benoy.
Bersa-Sheikh, being still young, went to Dagestan to the aul Kazi-Kumukh, with the purpose of learning Arabic grammar; after a short time, having made great progress, he returned home and lived without distinguishing himself in any particular way. According to other sources, he accepted Islam and the grace of a sheikh at the request of a dying Dagestani sheikh who led a Gazi raid on his native village of Bersan and fell by his hand.[6]
The first aul in Ichkeria to convert to Islam was Kurchali, Bersan's hometown; then little by little other surrounding auls began to follow this doctrine, in which the new sheikh began to teach the people who, like Bersan himself, had been without faith, without law.»[7]
According to military historian И. D. Popko:[8]
Umalat Laudayev, wrote «when Islamism was finally established among the Chechens, a certain Bersa (Bersan) of the Kirchala family stood at the head of the people; he had influence among the people and was called imam and sheikh».[7] The Chechen historian Yavus Zaindievich Akhmadov notes that in the immediate neighbourhood of Nakhch-Mokhk beyond the Aksai River was the Okotsk land (possession of the Isherimovs in the 16th century, the Aukhov society), whose population was the first of all Nakhs to embrace Islam. Thus, Muslim burials in one of the villages of the society, Gachalk, are confidently dated to the 16th century. Shikh-Murza Isherimov, the ruler of the Okotsk possession, used to make a «shert» (i.e. an oath on the Koran) to the Moscow tsar.[6]
According to Ya. Akhmadov, there is ambiguity as to whether his activities were related to the actual adoption of Islam, or to its establishment in Nakhch-Mokhk in the Sufi interpretation. He also reports that according to I. M. Popov, Bersa received the sheikh's right of grace from the hands of a Dagestani sheikh named Gad, whom he had killed, who «in the name of Allah bequeathed to him the power of … [his] word …».[9]
He is buried in his native village of Nizhniye Kurchali, on his homestead. His brother's wife and children are buried with him. Not far from his grave are the burial places of Mustap-Sheikh and Zhansari, wife of Kunta-Khadji.[7] Ya. Akhmadov reports an Arabic-language inscription on the stone, which is 17th century-style, stating, «Here [rests] Bersan».[10]
His wife was from Benoy, belonging to the Benoy teip. She bore Bersa sons Thurlo and Ärsamak.[7]