Bernard Grun (German: link=no|Bernhard Grün; 11 February 1901 28 December 1972) was a German[1] composer, conductor, and author. He is primarily remembered as the compiler of The Timetables of History.
Grün was born on 11 February 1901 in Startsch, Moravia, Austria-Hungary (now Stařeč, Czech Republic).[2] He completed a degree in philosophy and a doctorate in law at Vienna and Prague,[1] going on to study music theory at Vienna's national music academy under Alban Berg, Hans Gál, Felix von Weingartner, and Egon Wellesz.[1] [2]
Grün composed chamber music and songs and took work as a conductor in Karlsruhe and Mannheim before joining the Comedy House (German: Komödienhaus) in Vienna. The 1920 film Die Erlebnisse der berühmten Tänzerin Fanny Elssler featured a screenplay by Grün.[3]
His first major work was the 1929 Bohemian Musicians, performed in Vienna in 1930, and he composed music for the soundtrack of the 1932 film Ein Auto und kein Geld. Grün completed Marlene's Wedding and Gaby before being forced to leave Austria ahead of its unification with Nazi Germany. He moved to the United Kingdom in 1935, anglicising his name to "Bernard Grun". Following this, he co-composed music for the 1938 musical Magyar Melody. On 27 March 1939, it became the first musical to be broadcast directly from a theatre and shown on television (BBC TV).[4] [5]
In 1946, he published his compilation The Timetables of History, adapted from Werner Stein's Kulturfahrplan, presenting human history since 5000BC in tabular form. Each century, then decade, then year, is presented with its major events (if known) divided under the seven headings:
It has been in constant publication, with the most recent update in 2005.[6]
In the postwar period, Grun continued writing film music for titles such as White Cradle Inn (1947), Balalaika, The Blind Goddess and Brass Monkey (all from 1948).[7]
In 1952, "Broken Wings", a song which Grun co-wrote, was published.[8] Grun was credited as a composer alongside John Jerome, which was a collaborative pseudonym for Harold Cornelius Fields, Howard Ellington Barnes and Joseph Dominic Roncoroni.[9] [10] The song entered the UK Singles Chart in a recording by The Stargazers, a British vocal group, in February 1953.[11] The same month, two other recordings of the song also entered the UK chart: an American recording by Art and Dotty Todd (which peaked at number 6), and one by British singer Dickie Valentine (which reached number 12). The Stargazers' recording climbed to number 1 in April 1953.[12] The song also made number 1 on the UK's sheet music sales chart in February 1953, where it stayed for six weeks.[13]
Over the course of his life, Grun served as the musical director of theatres in Prague, Vienna, Berlin, and London, including His Majesty's Theatre. In addition to his own output, he was also responsible for adapting various musical works, including Bizet's Carmen, Lehár's Count of Luxembourg, Millöcker's Dubarry, and Benatzky's White Horse Inn.
Grun married the British fashion designer Edith Hart. He died of a heart attack on 28 December 1972 in London, aged 71.[14]
Grun authored the books:[15]
Grun composed the music for over 30 musicals,[14] including:
Grun's work featured in over 60 films, mainly in the 1930s and '40s,[14] including:[18]