| Berenguer Ramon I, Count of Barcelona | |
| Noble Family: | House of Barcelona |
| Father: | Ramon Borrell, Count of Barcelona |
| Mother: | Ermesinde of Carcassonne |
| Spouse: | Sancha Sánchez Guisla de Lluçà |
| Issue: | Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona Sancho Berenguer Guillem [William] Berenguer Bernat [Bernard] Berenguer |
| Birth Date: | 1005 |
| Death Place: | Barcelona |
| Burial Place: | Santa Maria de Ripoll |
Berenguer Ramon I ['''Berengar Raymond I'''] (1005 – 26 May 1035), called the Crooked or the Hunchback (in Latin curvus; in Catalan el Corbat; in Spanish el Corvado or el Curvo),[1] was the count of Barcelona, Girona, and Ausona from 1018 to his death.
He was the son of Ramon Borrell, Count of Barcelona, Girona, and Ausona and his wife Ermesinde of Carcassonne.[2] He accepted the suzerainty of Sancho the Great of Navarre.
Berenguer Ramon as a historical figure is enigmatic, shrouded in incomprehensible contradictions and ambiguities. First, he was a man of peace, and peace ruled throughout his reign. He pacified his neighbours as well, bringing to heel the count of Urgell, Ermengol II.[3] He reestablished amicable relations with Count Hugh I of Empúries, and maintained them with Counts and Wilfred II of Cerdanya. He was a son of the church who maintained relations with the papacy and went on a pilgrimage to Rome in 1032. On many occasions he travelled to Zaragoza and Navarre to discuss with Sancho III the Great, King of Navarre their mutual stance against the counts of Toulouse. His confidantes and councillors were the Abbot Oliva, the judge,, and and Deudado of Barcelona. In 1025, he decreed that the proprietors of entails (men holding land in fee tail) were free from taxation.
On the other hand, the government of Berenguer Ramon I marks the beginning of the decline of the comital power. At the death of his father in 1018, Berenguer Ramon was a minor and his mother Ermesinde served as regent until 1023. But even when he attained his majority, his mother would not relinquish her power and ruled with him. According to some chroniclers, Berenguer's character left some things to be desired. He is described as weak and indecisive. Moreover, his policy of peace with the Moors was a bone of contention with the noblesse, who saw war with the Muslims as a way of obtaining glory, wealth, and possibly even salvation. This led some nobles to act independently of the count's wishes. Ermesinde, on the other hand, was energetic and decisive, intent on imposing the authority of Barcelona on the baronage. But, as a woman, her capability to exercise control of the military was greatly impeded and organizing a raid or expedition to satisfy the wants of the aristocracy was virtually impossible.
The weakening of comital authority became evident shortly before his death in 1035, when Ermesinde successfully partitioned his patrimony among his sons. Berenguer Ramon died on 26 May 1035 and was buried in Santa Maria de Ripoll.
In 1021, Berenguer married the king of Navarre's sister-in-law,, daughter of Sancho Garcés, Count of Castile.[4] By her he had two sons:
In 1027, Berenguer married as his second wife,[8] with whom he had two more sons;
Two daughters have also been speculatively assigned to this couple: Clemencia, who married Ermengol III of Urgell, and the wife, name unknown, of Henry of Burgundy.