Berberis darwinii explained

Berberis darwinii, Darwin's barberry, is a species of flowering plant in the family Berberidaceae,[1] native to southern Chile and Argentina and naturalized elsewhere. Regional vernacular names include michay, calafate, and quelung. Growing to NaNm (-2,147,483,648feet) tall, it is an evergreen thorny shrub.

Description

Berberis darwinii has dense branches from ground level. The leaves are small oval, 12mm25mm long and 5mm12mm broad, with a spiny margin; they are borne in clusters of 2–5 together, subtended by a three-branched spine 2–4 mm long. The flowers are orange, 4–5 mm long, produced in dense racemes 2–7 cm long in spring. The fruit is a small purple-black berry 4–7 mm diameter, ripening in summer.

Berberis darwinii was discovered in South America in 1835 by Charles Darwin during the voyage of the Beagle. It was one of many named in honour of Darwin.[2] The berries of this species are known to have been consumed by prehistoric native peoples[3] in the Patagonian region over millennia.

It is a popular garden and hedging shrub in the British Isles. The Royal Horticultural Society has given the species its Award of Garden Merit.[4] The edible fruit is very acidic.

Invasive species

Berberis darwinii is regarded as an invasive plant pest in New Zealand[5] that escaped from gardens into indigenous plant communities via its bird-dispersed seeds.[6] It is considered a serious threat to indigenous ecosystems throughout New Zealand[7] and is listed on the National Pest Plant Accord. In Australia, the species is naturalised in the states of South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania.[8] The species has also become sparingly naturalized in the US states of California and Oregon.[9] It is often planted and sometimes naturalized in Ireland.[10]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Chilebosque: Berberis darwinii http://www.chilebosque.cl/shrb/bdarw.html Retrieved Aug. 2008
  2. New York Academy of Sciences, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Published by The Academy, 1909
  3. C.Michael Hogan (2008) Cueva del Milodon, The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=18820
  4. Web site: Berberis darwinii. Royal Horticultural Society. 2020-04-17.
  5. http://www.gw.govt.nz/section899.cfm Darwin's barberry
  6. http://www.doc.govt.nz/conservation/threats-and-impacts/weeds/common-weeds-in-new-zealand/darwins-barberry/ Darwin’s barberry
  7. http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/handle/10063/149 Seedling Recruitment of the Invasive Species Berberis Darwinii (Darwin's Barberry): What Contributes to Invasion Success?
  8. Web site: Berberis darwinii . 20 March 2012 . Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra.
  9. Web site: Berberis darwinii in Flora of North America . 3 . efloras.org.
  10. Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012.Webb's An Irish Flora. Cork University Press.