Benjamin F. Tracy Explained

Benjamin Tracy
Office:32nd United States Secretary of the Navy
President:Benjamin Harrison
Term Start:March 6, 1889
Term End:March 4, 1893
Predecessor:William Whitney
Office1:United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York
President1:Andrew Johnson
Ulysses S. Grant
Term Start1:1866
Term End1:1877
Predecessor1:Benjamin D. Silliman
Successor1:Asa W. Tenney
Successor:Hilary A. Herbert
State Assembly2:New York
District2:Tioga County
Term Start2:January 1, 1862
Term End2:December 31, 1862
Predecessor2:Cero Barber
Successor2:Nathaniel Davis
Birth Name:Benjamin Franklin Tracy
Birth Date:26 April 1830
Birth Place:Apalachin, New York, U.S.
Death Place:New York City, New York, U.S.
Party:Republican
Allegiance: United States
Union
Branch:
Union Army
Rank: Colonel
Brevet Brigadier General
Serviceyears:1862–1865
Commands:109th New York Infantry Regiment
Battles:American Civil War
Battle of the Wilderness
Mawards:Medal of Honor
Signature:Signature of Benjamin Franklin Tracy (1830–1915).png

Benjamin Franklin Tracy (April 26, 1830August 6, 1915) was a United States political figure who served as Secretary of the Navy from 1889 through 1893, during the administration of U.S. President Benjamin Harrison.

Biography

He was born in the hamlet of Apalachin located in the Town of Owego, New York, on April 26, 1830.

Tracy was a lawyer active in Republican Party politics during the 1850s. He was a member of the New York State Assembly (Tioga Co.) in 1862.

He served in the Union Army during the Civil War, and commanded the 109th New York Infantry Regiment. At the Battle of the Wilderness in May, 1864, he was able to rally his men and hold the Union line. For his actions he subsequently was awarded the Medal of Honor. His citation reads: Tracy "seized the colors and led the regiment when other regiments had retired and then reformed his line and held it."[1] Later that year, he became commandant of the Elmira prisoner of war camp, before being appointed Colonel of the 127th Infantry, U.S. Colored Troops, on August 23, 1864.[2] Tracy was discharged from the volunteer service on June 13, 1865.[3] On January 18, 1867, President Andrew Johnson nominated Tracy for appointment to the brevet grade of brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from March 13, 1865, and the U.S. Senate confirmed the appointment on February 21, 1867.[4]

He resumed the practice of law after the war, and became active in New York state politics. He was United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York from 1866 to 1877. In December 1881, he was appointed by Governor Alonzo B. Cornell to the New York Court of Appeals to fill the vacancy caused by the appointment of Judge Charles Andrews as Chief Judge after the resignation of Charles J. Folger. Tracy remained on the bench until the end of 1882 when Andrews resumed his seat after being defeated by William C. Ruger in the election for Chief Judge.

In 1875, Tracy defended the well-known preacher Henry Ward Beecher during his highly publicized trial for adultery.[5]

On March 5, 1889, Tracy was nominated by President Benjamin Harrison to become Secretary of the Navy and was confirmed by the Senate in a ten-minute session without objection.[6] He formally took office on March 6.[7]

On February 3, 1890, Tracy's wife and younger daughter died in a fire at their residence in Washington, D.C. His wife, Belinda, died by falling out a window in an attempt to escape the building, and his daughter, Mary, died from smoke inhalation. Tracy himself lost consciousness due to the smoke but was rescued by Chief Joseph Parris of the D.C. Fire Department. The secretary's elder daughter, Emma, and his granddaughter, Alice, sustained injuries from jumping out a window, but both survived. After regaining consciousness some time later, Tracy learned of the deaths of his loved ones from President Harrison.[8] [9] A funeral was held at the White House several days later, and the bodies of the dead were buried in Rock Creek Cemetery.[10] Following a brief period of mourning, during which he received many messages of condolences from heads of state and other prominent individuals, Tracy returned to his official duties.[11]

Tracy was noted for his role in the creation of the "New Navy", a major reform of the service, which had fallen into obsolescence after the Civil War. Like President Harrison, he supported a naval strategy focused more on offense, rather than on coastal defense and commerce raiding. A major ally in this effort was naval theorist Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan, who had served as a professor at the new Naval War College (founded 1884). In 1890, Mahan published his major work, The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660–1783 - a book that achieved an international readership. Drawing on historical examples, Mahan supported the construction of a "blue-water Navy" that could do battle on the high seas.

Tracy also supported the construction of modern warships. On June 30, 1890, Congress passed the Naval Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 1891 (also known as the Battleship Act of 1890), a measure which authorized the construction of three battleships.[12] The first three were later named,, and . The battleship was authorized two years later.

In the 1896 presidential election, Tracy was a presidential elector for William McKinley and Garret Hobart.[13]

After leaving the Navy Department, Tracy again took up his legal practice. In 1896 he defended New York City Police commissioner Andrew Parker from accusations of negligence and incompetence by fellow commissioner Theodore Roosevelt in a performance that significantly embarrassed Roosevelt.[14] He also helped end the Venezuela Crisis of 1895 by assisting Venezuela in negotiating a settlement to their boundary dispute with Great Britain.

Tracy was the Republican candidate to be the first Mayor of Greater New York City when the five boroughs consolidated in 1898. He came in third behind Democrat Robert A. Van Wyck and Seth Low of the Citizens' Union, winning 101,863 of the 523,560 votes cast in the election of 1897. Tracy was the president of the New York State Agricultural Society in 1897 and 1898, during which time he invited Van Wyck to attend the society's annual fair.[15] [16]

On April 3, 1900, seven men from the International Banking and Trust Company were elected as directors of the North American Trust Company. They included president Oakleigh Thorne of the International, as well as Tracy.[17]

Family and death

In 1851 Benjamin Tracy married Belinda E. Catlin (1832–1890), a sister of General Isaac S. Catlin. They had four children: “Frank” Brodhead Tracy (1856–1945); Emma Eloise Tracy (1862–1934) who married Ferdinand Suydam Wilmerding (1850–1877) (their daughter Alys christened the USS Maine); Mary “Maisie” Farrington Tracy (1864–1890); and Benjamin Franklin Tracy III (d. 1895); Tracy died at his farm in Tioga County, New York, on August 6, 1915, at 3:30 pm at the home of his daughter following a stroke.[18] [19] A funeral was held at Trinity Church in Manhattan on August 9, and he was buried in a family plot in Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn.[20]

Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: Colonel, 109th New York Infantry.

Place and date: At Wilderness, Va., 6 May 1864.

Entered service at: Owego, N.Y.

Born: 26 April 1830, Owego, N.Y.

Date of issue: 21 June 1895.

Citation:Seized the colors and led the regiment when other regiments had retired and then reformed his line and held it.[21]

Namesake

was named for him, as was the town of Tracyton, Washington.[22]

Tracy Arm is a fjord in the U.S. state of Alaska that bears his name.

The Tracy Glacier, having its terminus near the head of the Inglefield Fjord in northwestern Greenland, was named after him by Robert Peary.

References

Further reading

External links

Project Gutenberg link to Mahan's The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660–1783

Notes and References

  1. Web site: January 6, 2010 . Medal of Honor recipients . . August 3, 2009 . September 1, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110901223002/http://www.history.army.mil/html/moh/civwarmz.html . dead .
  2. http://www.ranger95.com/civil_war_us/us_color_troops/infantry/127th_us_color_troop_inf.htm 127th U.S. Colored Troops Infantry: Roster
  3. Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. . p. 535
  4. Eicher, 2001, p. 759
  5. Web site: Tracy. Benjamin. The Case of Henry Ward Beecher: Opening Address. Google Books. 1875. 10 April 2017.
  6. News: 5 March 1889 . HARRISON'S CABINET. . 1 . . 18 May 2023.
  7. News: 6 March 1889 . THE NEW CABINET. . 5 . . 18 May 2023.
  8. News: 3 February 1890 . FIRE AND DEATH. . 1 . . 18 May 2023.
  9. News: 3 February 1890 . TRACY TRAGEDY . 5 . The Washington Critic . 18 May 2023.
  10. News: 5 February 1890 . THE DEAD LAID TO REST. . 5 . . 18 May 2023.
  11. Web site: Dautel . S. . Benjamin Franklin Tracy . 18 May 2023 . Historical Society of the New York Courts.
  12. Web site: Naval Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 1891 (Battleship Act of 1890), June 30, 1890. U.S. Capitol Visitor Center. en. 2019-02-14.
  13. Book: Proceedings of the Electoral College of the State of New York, January 11th, 1897. 1897. Albany. 29. 2027/nnc1.cu54374480.
  14. Edmund Morris, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, p. 555
  15. Web site: NYS Agricultural Society. September 19, 2020. www.nysagsociety.org. NYSAS Past Presidents (2019).
  16. News: STATE AGRICULTURAL FAIR.; Mayor Van Wyck Lays Aside His Declared Rule and Accepts an Invitation.. The New York Times . 2020-10-18. en.
  17. News: . Trust Companies Combine; International Banking and Trust to Unite with North American. . . New York City, New York, United States . April 4, 1900. 11. July 12, 2017.
  18. News: August 7, 1915 . Gen. Benj. F. Tracy Dies In 86th Year. Soldier, Statesman, Jurist Had Been in Coma Since Paralytic Stroke. Father Of Fighting Navy. As Secretary Under Harrison He Took the Department Out of Politics. Funeral Monday. . . 2010-10-04 . General Benjamin Franklin Tracy, Secretary of the Navy under President Harrison, died at 3:30 yesterday afternoon at the home of his daughter, ....
  19. News: Gen. Benjamin F. Tracy Dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121104014604/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/djreprints/access/108965266.html?dids=108965266:108965266&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&type=historic&date=Aug+07,+1915&author=&pub=Wall+Street+Journal&desc=Gen.+Benjamin+F.+Tracy+Dead&pqatl=google . dead . November 4, 2012 . General Tracy was born in Owego, NY, April 28, 1830. He was admitted to the Bar in 18... and was elected to the New York Assembly in 18.2. .... . August 6, 1915 . 2010-10-04 .
  20. News: 10 August 1915 . MILITARY HONORS FOR GEN. B. F. TRACY . 11 . . 18 May 2023.
  21. Web site: November 13, 2013 . Medal of Honor recipients . . September 1, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110901223002/http://www.history.army.mil/html/moh/civwarmz.html . dead .
  22. Book: Meany, Edmond S.. Origin of Washington geographic names. 1923. University of Washington Press. Seattle. 315.