Belvedere College Explained

Type:	Voluntary
Belvedere College SJ
Native Name:	Coláiste Beilbhidír
Motto:	Per vias rectas
Motto Translation:	By straight paths
Location:	6 Great Denmark Street, Dublin 1, D01 TK25,
Country:	Ireland
Religion:	Roman Catholic Society of Jesus
Head:	Gerry J. Foley
Head Label:	Headmaster
Gender:	Male
Students:	1,005
Colours:	Black and white
Free Label1:	Former pupils
Free Text1:	Old Belvederians

Belvedere College S.J. (sometimes St Francis Xavier's College) is a fee-paying voluntary secondary school for boys in Dublin, Ireland. The school has numerous notable alumni in the arts, politics, sports, science, and business. Alumni and teachers at Belvedere played major roles in modern Irish literature (James Joyce, Austin Clarke, the foundation of Ireland's National Theatre), the standardisation of the Irish language (de Bhaldraithe), as well as the Irish independence movement – both the 1916 Rising (Joseph Mary Plunkett, Éamon de Valera) and the Irish War of Independence (Éamon de Valera, Cathal Brugha, Kevin Barry). The school's notable alumni and former faculty include two Taoisigh (Irish Prime Minister), one Ceann Comhairle (Speaker of the Lower House of the Irish Parliament), several cabinet ministers, one Blessed, one Cardinal, one Archbishop, one signatory of the Proclamation of the Irish Republic, two Supreme Court Justices, one Olympic medallist, thirty Irish international rugby players and numerous notable figures in the world of the arts, academia and business. Belvedere College forms the setting for part of James Joyce's semi-autobiographical novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.

History

Belvedere owes its origins to the efforts of John Austin who opened primary and secondary schools at Saul's Court off Fishamble Street in 1750. The Society of Jesus has been active in the area around Hardwicke Street since 1790. They founded St Francis Xavier's College in the disused Poor Clare convent on Hardwicke Street with nine students in 1832,^[1] three years after Catholic emancipation. In 1841, the Jesuits purchased Belvedere House on neighbouring Great Denmark Street, which gave the school its name. George Augustus Rochfort (1738–1814), who became the second Earl of Belvedere in 1774, built Belvedere House, whose interior decoration was carried out by Michael Stapleton, a leading stucco craftsman of his time.^[2]

Belvedere was caught up in the events of the 1916 Rising, when the British military opened fire at the Jesuit residence.^{[3] [4]} The Jesuits at Belvedere and the neighbouring Gardiner Street Community helped the wounded and distributed food across the locality.

In February 2012 Chinese Politburo member and future paramount leader Xi Jinping visited the college as part of his visit to Ireland for a special reception in the O'Reilly theatre. An annual exchange with a Jesuit school in Hong Kong was the catalyst for this visit.^[5]

School museum

A school museum and archive were opened in 2002 by former teacher Oliver Murphy, dedicated to the history of the institution and its past pupils.^{[6] [7] [8]}

Education

Belvedere offers the Irish Junior Certificate and Leaving Certificate curricula.

Classics

The school still offers Latin as both a Junior and Leaving Certificate subject and offers Ancient Greek as a Junior and Leaving Certificate subject when there is sufficient demand. Classical Studies is also offered at Leaving Certificate level.

Science

Garret A. FitzGerald, an Old Belvederian and senior faculty member at the University of Pennsylvania, has instituted an annual five-week scholarship for two students who excel in Transition Year science.^[9]

Facilities

Belvedere has a 25m 5 lane indoor swimming pool, gym, restaurant and refectory, music suite, learning resource centre, museum, chapel and oratory, 3 hard tennis courts (Cabra Sports Ground), 1 astroturf (Distillery Road) and 5 grass rugby pitches (Cabra Sports Ground), a cricket pitch (Cabra Sports Ground), 1 grass soccer pitch (Cabra Sports Ground), 1 astro 7-a-side football pitch on top of the O'Reilly Theatre and a 60m 8 lane roof-top running track (Kerr Wing). The school also has a professional standard 590-seat theatre with a motorised stage and retractable seating, the O'Reilly Theatre, which is used to stage school plays and musicals but has also been used by RTÉ, TV3 and an assortment of dramatic organisations and hosted live audience TV shows such as The Panel and Tonight with Vincent Browne.

The school also has three computer labs, cabled and wireless networking to every classroom, and other IT features including dedicated networks for the library and certain functions.

In 2004, Belvedere opened the Dargan Moloney Science and Technology Block, which has state-of-the-art laboratories, lecture theatres and IT hubs.

Charitable activities

The school has a wide range of charitable activities. Some students travel with the annual Dublin Diocesan, Meath Diocesan and Oblate Pilgrimages to Lourdes, France, to assist the elderly and the disabled. Belvedere's St Vincent de Paul Society is one of the largest among secondary schools in Ireland, organising activities such as old-folks events and a weekly soup run in inner city Dublin. Beginning in 1981, some students have undertaken a charity walk from Dublin to Galway each summer to raise funds for Irish Guide Dogs for the Blind, St Francis Hospice, and The Temple Street Children's University Hospital, located very near the school. The "block-pull", as it is known, has raised over €70,000 in a single event.^[10]

An annual charitable fundraising event held by the college is the "Belvedere Sleep-Out", which takes place from 22 to 24 December each year. Students "go homeless" on Dublin's O'Connell Street for three days and two nights.^[11] The Sleep-Out is run primarily by students from the college, with the assistance of a number of teachers and past pupils, to raise funds for Focus Ireland, The Home Again Society, and Father Peter McVerry's Society for homeless boys. The students fast for 24 hours during the Sleep-Out. The culmination is Christmas Eve midnight mass in the college chapel. In 2015, the event raised over €189,000 over the Christmas period for the charities.^[12] This record was broken in 2016, when the event raised €225,021 for the charities.^[13] However, in 2022, the Belvedere College Sleepout became a huge national story and was promoted across multiple platforms and set a new All Time record of over €304,000.^[14]

Sports

Belvedere has the most Royal College of Science Cup (Overall best school in track and field) wins at the Irish Schools Athletics Championships. Belvedere won 15 consecutive Royal College of Science Cup awards between 1999 and 2014.^[15]

Field sports are a traditional strength of the school. In October 2013 Belvedere held the all-Ireland schools senior track and field trophy, having won the title in the previous seven years. It also held numerous other titles at provincial levels.^[16]

Belvedere has won 35 Leinster Senior Cricket Schools Cup titles, as of 2016.^[17]

The school has a strong rugby union football tradition. In 2005, for the first time in the school's history, it won both the Leinster Junior Cup and the Leinster Schools Senior Cup.^[18] In 2024 Belvedere, with twelve titles, stood second in the Leinster Senior Cup roll of honour, behind Blackrock College (71).^[19]

Drama

Drama productions form an integral part of Belvedere's year.^[20] Each academic year, there are four performances: a Junior Musical, a Senior Musical, a Drama Society production, and a First Year Play. Productions have included Les Misérables (school edition) in 2004, and the stage adaptation of Philip Pullman's His Dark Materials in 2007. Other productions of note include Bugsy Malone, The Adventures of Roderick Random, David Copperfield, Aladdin, Jesus Christ Superstar, A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum, The Wind in the Willows, Prince Caspian and The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, Treasure Island, The Lord of the Rings, Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, The Addams Family, West Side Storyand The Pirates of Penzance.

In 2016, an original play entitled Children of the Rising was staged at the school. The play was written by a member of staff and was nominated for a Bord Gáis Energy Student Theatre Award for Best Overall Play.^[21] The play was based on the book Children of The Rising by Joe Duffy.

Other activities

The school has debating societies in the English, Irish, Spanish, German, and French languages. Belvedere has won the all-Ireland schools debating competition (2005 among other years), the Denny Leinster Schools Senior Debating Championship in 2010, the L&H society Leinster Junior debating competition, and also the Alliance Française debating championship and Leinster Irish debating final.

Belvedere was successful in the last series of Blackboard Jungle, a popular television programme on RTÉ.

The school's longstanding Concert Choir hosts the Annual Christmas Carol Service in December, and the Annual Musical Evening in May. The choir have undertaken recordings in RTÉ, and has been successful at both the Feis Ceoil and the Wesley Feis. The college orchestra has won events at both the Wesley Feis and the Feis Ceoil.

The school has an active urban farm, growing vegetables and housing bees. The farm won the Global High Schools Europe Category at the Zayed Future Energy Prize in 2017.

Culture of Belvedere

Belvedere College is run by the Jesuit order. Most of the school's teaching staff are lay-persons, although a number of Jesuit priests and brothers assist with administration and chaplaincy.

The school motto is Per Vias Rectas – "By Straight Paths" – and the college aspires to produce "Men for Others". Students often write "AMDG" for Ad maiorem Dei gloriam, "For the greater glory of God", the motto of the Society of Jesus, on the top left of pages of their copybooks. They formerly also wrote "LDSetBVM" or Laus Deo Semper et Beatae Virgini Mariae ("Praise to God forever and to the Blessed Virgin Mary") on the bottom right of the same page.

The students are assigned to one of six lines or houses, mainly named after Jesuits who were either famous or had an association with Belvedere: Loyola, Xavier, Aylmer, Kenney, Finlay and Scully (previously named Dempsey after George Dempsey). Years are named after the progression in the Jesuit Ratio Studiorum: Elements, Rudiments, Grammar, Syntax, Poetry, and Rhetoric. Each form except Rhetoric has a captain and vice-captain.

The school's yearbook is The Belvederian. The term "Belvederian" is also sometimes used to refer to current students and "Old Belvederian" (OB) for alumni. Old Belvederians normally refer to their graduation by using "OB" followed by their final year in the college, for example, "OB 1984".

Belvedere College is the backdrop for some of James Joyce's novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. It is a semi-autobiographical piece of work and the teacher, Mr Tate, was based on Joyce's own English teacher, George Dempsey. In the book Joyce mentions his involvement in the College Opera which continues today.^{[22] [23]} In 1884, James Aloysius Cullen was appointed spiritual father at Belvedere, a position he retained for twenty years while also engaged in other ministry. Cullen was founder and director of the Sodality of Our Lady at the college, which duties included counselling students. In 1896, James Joyce was elected Student Prefect of the Society. According to Neil R. Davison, the sermons in Chapter III of A Portrait of the Artist are modeled on those given by Cullen during a retreat held in 1897.^[24]

Notable past pupils

The arts

• Thomas Bodkin – Director of the National Gallery of Ireland (1927–35)^[25]
• Francis Browne – photographer
• Austin Clarke – poet^[26]
• Harry Clarke – artist^[27]
• Tim Pat Coogan^[28] – historian and journalist
• Denis Devlin – poet^[29]
• Owen Dudley Edwards – historian and literary expert on Oscar Wilde, Arthur Conan Doyle and P.G. Wodehouse^[30]
• Patrick Duggan – actor
• William Fay – co-founder of the Abbey Theatre^[31]
• Jimmy Glover – composer^[32]
• Mark Greaney and Fergal Matthews – members of indie rock band JJ72^[33]
• James Joyce – writer^[34]
• Donagh MacDonagh – poet, playwright, broadcaster, folklorist, and district justice
• Hugh Maguire – violinist
• John O'Conor – pianist and Beethoven master^[35]
• Jimmy O'Dea – actor^[36]
• Liam O'Flaherty – writer
• Conal O'Riordan – writer^[37]
• Jack Reynor- actor^[38]
• Eoin Macken - model and actor
• Rejjie Snow – rapper
• Mervyn Wall – writer^[39]
• Leo Whelan - painter

Irish history, politics

• Kevin Barry^[40] – Irish republican (did not graduate)
• Cathal Brugha – Irish republican^[41] (did not graduate)
• Richard Bruton – Fine Gael Teachta Dála (TD) Deputy Leader of Fine Gael & Government Minister^[42]
• Jack Chambers – Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD)
• Garret FitzGerald – Fine Gael Taoiseach former Leader of Fine Gael^[43]
• Brothers Brian Lenihan and Conor Lenihan^{[44] [45]} – Fianna Fáil Teachtaí Dála (TD)
• William Martin Murphy^[46] – Member of Parliament (MP)
• Cian O'Callaghan - member of the Social Democrats(TD) for Dublin Bay North
• Chris O'Malley – Fine Gael Member of European Parliament (MEP), 1986–89
• Joseph Mary Plunkett – rebel; signatory of 1916 Proclamation; executed a month later^[47]
• James McNeill - Governor General of the Irish Free State^[48]

Legal

• Arthur Cox – founder of eponymous law firm and member of the Seanad
• Kevin Dixon - Attorney General of Ireland from 1942 - 1946
• William FitzGerald (Irish judge) - former Chief Justice of Ireland
• Adrian Hardiman^[49] – Supreme Court Judge
• John Hedigan – High Court Judge
• Michael Joseph Hogan - Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Hong Kong for 14 years
• Séamus Woulfe – barrister; Attorney General of Ireland since June 2017^[50]

Irish language

• Tomás de Bhaldraithe – lexicographer^[51]
• Lambert McKenna – lexicographer, editor, educationist, and former principal of Belvedere College^[52]

Science and academia

• John Gabriel Byrne - first professor of computer science in Trinity College Dublin
• Myles Dillon – Celticist, President of the Royal Irish Academy
• Desmond Fennell - writer, cultural philosopher and linguist
• Garret A. FitzGerald – Professor of Medicine and Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
• Fergus O'Rourke – zoologist
• Frank Winder – biochemist, vice-president of the Royal Irish Academy
• Peter Lalor

Religion

• Cardinal Desmond Connell – Archbishop of Dublin and Primate of Ireland^[53]
• Archbishop Dermot Ryan – Archbishop of Dublin and Primate of Ireland^[53]
• Malachi Martin – priest, author
• Robert Dermot O'Flanagan – Bishop of Juneau
• Columba Marmion^[54] (1858–1923) – Abbot of the Maredsous Abbey (Belgium)

Rugby

• Ollie Campbell – rugby union^[55]
• Andrew Clinch^[56] (1867–1937) – rugby union Irish international 10 caps, President of Irish Rugby Football Union
• Thomas Crean^[57] – rugby union and military; and his nephew Cyril Patrick Crean ^[58]
• Eugene Davy^[57] – rugby union and founder of the Davy Group with his brother James
• James Downey^[59] – rugby union
• Andrew Dunne – rugby union, cricket
• James Hart - current Biarritz Olympique rugby player
• Cian Healy^[60] – rugby union
• David Hawkshaw - rugby union
• Ian Keatley^[61] – rugby union
• George J Morgan – rugby union
• Karl Mullen^[57] – rugby union
• Eoin O'Malley^[62] – rugby union
• Sir Tony O'Reilly^[57] – rugby union and business as head of Heinz and Independent News and Media and former Chairman of Waterford Wedgwood
• Hugh O'Sullivan^[63] - current Leinster Rugby player
• David Shanahan - Current Ulster Rugby player

Other sports

• Alec O'Riordan^[64] – cricketer
• Frank Miller^[65] - cricketer
• Cathal Pendred – retired mixed martial artist in the UFC and actor^[66]
• Frank Winder – rock climbing
• Paul Corry – soccer
• Kevin Grogan - soccer
• Pat Taaffe Cheltenham Gold Cup winner on the horse Arkle and Tom Taaffe - jockey and trainer
• James McGee - tennis player

Olympians

• Noel Purcell^[67] – water polo, rugby union, international rugby union referee and Olympian separately with Great Britain at Antwerp 1920 and with Ireland at Paris 1924.
• Peter Coghlan^[68] - 110 metres hurdles at Sydney 2000
• Lexie Tynan - 200m at Helsinki 1952^{[69] [70]}
• Cian O'Connor^[71] – (Athens 2004, London 2012, Tokyo 2021, Paris 2024 – equestrian)
• Barry Murphy^[72] – London 2012 in swimming
• Scott Flanigan^[73] - sailing at London 2012
• Brian Fay - 5,000m at Paris 2024^[74]

Gaelic sports

• Seán Boylan – former Meath GAA football manager, international rules coach and traditional medical herbalist^[75]
• Ger Brennan^[76] – Former Dublin and St.Vincents GAA player and member of the 2003 Senior Rugby team 1st XV
• Dr. Jack McCaffrey^[77] – GAA, 2015 FOTY and Clontarf GAA player

Business and professional

• Garrett Kelleher^[78] – construction
• Michael Scott^[79] – architect who established Scott Tallon Walker
• Sam Stephenson – architect who established Stephenson, Gibney & Associates^[80]
• Alfred Edwin Jones – architect^[81]

Broadcasting

• John Bowman – broadcaster^[6]
• Ian Dempsey^[82] – radio DJ with Today FM (Did not graduate)
• Henry Kelly – BBC and RTE television presenter, radio disc jockey and the person on whom the character Henry Sellers in Father Ted was based^[83]
• Sir Terry Wogan – BBC and RTE broadcaster^[84]
• Anton Savage – TV and Radio Host and PR advisor^[85]

Peers

• • Edward Pakenham, Lord Silchester Thomas Pakenham,^[86] 8th Earl of Longford – historian

Other

• Edward Joseph Garland - Canadian Member of Parliament for Alberta and diplomat
• Arthur Beveridge - British military officer and Military Cross Holder, Norwegian War Cross holder and honorary physician to George VI
• William Russell Grace - first Roman Catholic Mayor of New York City and founder of W. R. Grace and Company^[87]

Notable faculty

• • George Dempsey – model for Mr. Tate in Joyce's Portrait of an Artist and after whom a stream class "Dempsey" was named for a number of years
• Phil Conway^[68] - Former PE teacher who competed for Ireland at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich in the Shot Put
• Michael Morrison - photographer at the liberation of Bergen Belsen concentration camp
• Peter McVerry - homelessness campaigner in Dublin
• John Hennig - worked as a teacher for a period during the 1940s

See also

• List of Jesuit schools
• List of Jesuit sites in Ireland
• List of alumni of Jesuit educational institutions

External links

• Belvedere College website
• Belvedere College Past Pupils Union website

Notes and References

1. Web site: Belvedere College SJ, Dublin, 1832- - Irish Jesuit Archives . www.jesuitarchives.ie . 28 July 2020 . 2 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211202093036/https://jesuitarchives.ie/belvedere-college-dublin . live .
2. Book: Lucey, Conor. 2007. The Stapleton Collection: Designs for the Irish neoclassical interior. Tralee. Churchill Press. 978-0-9550246-2-7.
3. John Bowman and Ronan O'Donoghue (eds.), Portraits : Belvedere College Dublin 1832-1982, (Dublin, 1982)
4. Oliver Murphy, The cruel clouds of war : a book of the sixty-eight former pupils and teachers of Belvedere College S.J. who lost their lives in the military conflicts of the 20th century, (Dublin, 2003)
5. Web site: Chinese Vice-President Xi Jinping visits Belvedere College S.J., enjoys special performance of Riverdance . www.cii.ie . 6 November 2019 . 6 November 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191106153151/http://www.cii.ie/cn/cii/news/item/122-chinese-vice-president-xi-jinping-visits-belvedere-college-s-j-enjoys-special-performance-of-riverdance . live .
6. News: History in the making at Belvedere College. The Irish Times. 20 February 2020. 5 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190405210931/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/education/history-in-the-making-at-belvedere-college-1.1057182. live.
7. Book: Murphy . Oliver . The Cruel Clouds of War . The Belvedere Museum . .
8. Book: Murphy . Oliver . Belvedere's Rugby Heroes the History of Rugby in Belvedere college and the Thirty Two Belvedereans Who Played Senior Rugby for Ireland . .
9. Web site: Belvedere College S.J . 5 February 2007 . 20 February 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070220114526/http://www.belvederecollege.ie/pdf/BelvedereWinter06.pdf . live .
10. Web site: Clubs and Societies - Belvedere College. BestSoft. Consulting. 25 November 2015. 25 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151125182826/http://www.belvedereunion.com/clubs-societies.html. live.
11. Web site: Belvedere College Sleep-out 2017 . 7 March 2017 . 7 March 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170307204821/http://www.sleepoutdublin.ie/ . live .
12. Web site: Belvedere Sleep-Out raises €178,000 for homeless charities - Independent.ie. 25 December 2014. 25 November 2015. 25 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151125153204/http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/belvedere-sleepout-raises-178000-for-homeless-charities-30862469.html. live.
13. Web site: Recent News - Belvedere College S.J.. www.belvederecollege.ie. 8 April 2017. 9 April 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170409021047/http://www.belvederecollege.ie/news/sleep-out-2016. live.
14. Web site: Gay Byrne's Grandson among Belvedere students on charity Sleep Out.. www.independent.ie. 22 December 2022. 17 May 2023. 17 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230517113440/https://www.independent.ie/regionals/dublin/dublin-news/my-grandad-would-want-society-to-look-out-for-those-in-need-gay-byrnes-grandson-among-belvedere-students-on-charity-sleep-out/42239245.html. live.
15. Web site: Irish Schools Athletics Champions 1916-2017 . 2017 . www.athleticsireland.ie . 6 November 2019 . 28 December 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181228000902/http://www.athleticsireland.ie/downloads/statistics/Schools_ROH_1916-2017.pdf . live .
16. Web site: AthleticsIreland 1916-2015 . 25 November 2015 . 25 November 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151125095115/http://www.athleticsireland.ie/downloads/statistics/Schools_ROH_1916-15_June_2015.pdf . live .
17. Web site: Leinster Schools Senior League - Cricket Leinster. 14 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160315035017/http://www.cricketleinster.ie/archives/articles/leinster-schools-senior-league. 15 March 2016. dead.
18. News: Keating and well schooled Belvedere Strike Twice . 21 August 2019 . The Irish Times . Dublin . 21 March 2005 . 21 August 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190821143238/https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/keating-and-well-schooled-belvedere-strike-twice-1.425053?mode=sample&auth-failed=1&pw-origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fsport%2Fkeating-and-well-schooled-belvedere-strike-twice-1.425053 . live .
19. News: Belvedere secure an 11th Leinster Schools Senior Cup triumph . 16 March 2016 . Irish Independent . Dublin . 13 March 2016 . 22 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160322045844/http://www.independent.ie/sport/rugby/schools-rugby/belvedere-secure-an-11th-leinster-schools-senior-cup-triumph-34536268.html . live .
20. Web site: O'Reilly Theatre. 25 November 2015. 22 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151122221301/http://www.oreillytheatre.com/. live.
21. News: Shortlist 2017 - Bord Gáis Energy Student Theatre Awards. Bord Gáis Energy Student Theatre Awards. 8 April 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170409110810/https://bordgaisenergystudenttheatreawards.ie/shortlist-2017. 9 April 2017. dead.
22. Critical companion to James Joyce: a literary reference to his life and work, by A. Nicholas Fargnoli and Michael Patrick Gillespie.
23. See also the contribution entitled "Heresy in his Essay" in Portraits: Belvedere College Dublin 1832-1982, pub. Gill & MacMillan, 1982, Ed. John Bowman & Ronan O'Donoghue
24. https://books.google.com/books?id=s_eXYzdEmxcC&dq=James+Cullen+S.J.&pg=PA45 Davison, Neil R. Davison. James Joyce, Ulysses, and the Construction of Jewish Identity, Cambridge University Press, 1998, p. 45
25. Web site: Thomas Bodkin. 21 February 2018. 30 March 2018. 31 March 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180331040117/http://arthistorians.info/bodkint. live.
26. Web site: Collection List No. 83: Austin Clarke Papers. National Library of Ireland. 8 April 2015. 12 August 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150812182000/http://www.nli.ie/pdfs/mss%20lists/clarkea.pdf. live.
27. Web site: Harry Clarke - Biography. 8 April 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150521060020/http://harryclarke.net/biography.html. 21 May 2015. dead.
28. Web site: Tim Patrick Coogan. 14 June 2016. 15 January 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160115001831/http://www.ricorso.net/rx/az-data/authors/c/Coogan_TP/life.htm. live.
29. Web site: UCD Archives: Devlin, Denis. University College Dublin. 8 April 2015. 12 March 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150312024709/http://www.ucd.ie/archives/html/collections/devlin-dennis.html. live.
30. Web site: List of Dempsey Prize winners. Belvedere College. 8 April 2015. 16 April 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150416203838/http://www.belvederecollege.ie/subject-departments/english/george-dempsey-memorial-prize. live.
31. Web site: Description of painting "An Avenue of Trees Oil on board". adams.ie. Adam's Auctioneers. 8 April 2015. 4 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025621/http://www.adams.ie/William-Fay-1872-1947-An-Avenue-of-Trees-Oil-on-board-19-x-24cm-7-5-x-9-5-Signed-with-initials-Provenance-M-ire-MhicAog-in-Seoirse-MacAodhag-in-William-Willie-Fay-was-born-in-Dublin-in-November-1872-a?Itemid=&view=lot_detail. live.
32. "Glover, James Mackey", in Who's Who (London: A. & C. Black, 1919), p. 964
33. Web site: iTunes Preview - JJ72. iTunes. Apple, Inc.. 8 April 2015. 20 April 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150420224234/https://itunes.apple.com/ie/artist/jj72/id475774. live.
34. http://www.jamesjoyce.ie/detail.asp?ID=19 James Joyce profile
35. News: Belvedere College allowed John O'Conor to miss two hours' school so he could attend piano lessons. 8 April 2015. Irish Times. 28 January 1997. 29 April 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180429091723/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/education/belvedere-college-allowed-john-o-conor-to-miss-two-hours-school-so-he-could-attend-piano-lessons-1.26560. live.
36. Web site: Jimmy O'Dea died 50 years ago . https://web.archive.org/web/20150405083027/https://www.irelandsown.ie/2015/01/07/jimmy-odea-died-50-years-ago/ . dead . 5 April 2015 . Ireland's Own . 8 April 2015 .
37. Web site: O'RIORDAN, Conal Holmes O'Connell . https://archive.today/20150408230603/http://www.lgif.ie/authorDetails.action;jsessionid=B8F22BD4994739BB923425DDB5EDC2A7?authorId=1386 . dead . 8 April 2015 . An Electronic Version of A Guide to Irish Fiction 1650 - 1900 . An Foras Feasa, NUI Maynooth . 8 April 2015 .
38. News: Brady . Tara . Jack Reynor: 'I was afraid of being Han Solo' . The Irish Times . 24 August 2021 . en . 4 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211204025743/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/film/jack-reynor-i-was-afraid-of-being-han-solo-1.3008372 . live .
39. Web site: Mervyn Wall - Former Member | Aosdana. Aosdana. Arts Council (Ireland). 8 April 2015. 16 July 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140716050234/http://aosdana.artscouncil.ie/Members/Literature/Wall.aspx/. live.
40. News: Rare photo of Kevin Barry's rugby days discovered. The Irish Times. 20 February 2020. 19 August 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220819150512/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/homes-and-property/fine-art-antiques/rare-photo-of-kevin-barry-s-rugby-days-discovered-1.1700297. live.
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