| Belitsa | |
| Native Name Lang: | bg |
| Settlement Type: | Town |
| Pushpin Map: | Bulgaria |
| Pushpin Map Alt: | Belitsa is in southwestern Bulgaria. |
| Coordinates: | 41.95°N 23.5667°W |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | Bulgaria |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Name1: | Blagoevgrad |
| Subdivision Type2: | Municipality |
| Subdivision Name2: | Belitsa |
| Area Total Km2: | 72.923 |
| Elevation M: | 953 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 2780 |
| Area Code: | 07444 |
Belitsa[1] (Bulgarian: Белица in Bulgarian pronounced as /bɛˈlit͡sɐ/) is a town in southwestern Bulgaria, located in the Belitsa Municipality of the province of Blagoevgrad.
Belitsa is close to the municipalities of Razlog, Yakoruda, and Bansko. The municipality of Belinitsa is situated in the northeastern part of the Razlog Valley in the Blagoevgrad region, in the dale of the river Mesta, in between the southern slopes of Eastern Rila and the northern slopes of the Beliyshko-Videnishki part of the western Rhodopes.
It contains twelve settlements, eight of which are scattered in the mountainous area of the Rhodopes. The municipal centre, Belitsa, is located in the southern part of the Rila mountains and is connected to the Razlog-Velingrad route (with international E79 and E80) but off to the side by four kilometres. This makes for easy transportation from the town to Sofia (172 kilometres away) and Blagoevgrad (72 kilometres away).
The area of Belitsa first fell into the hands of the Roman Empire. The Romans made many settlements larger in the Razlog valley and led Hellenized and Romanized colonists into them.
Belitsa is recorded for the first time in Tatarpazardzhiyska province (kaza) of the Ottoman Empire in 1516, under the name Belitsa, together with Little Belitsa (Malka Belitsa).[2]
In the 19th century, it was a Christian-Muslim village in the Nevropska kaaza of the Ottoman Empire. In The Ethnography of the Vilayets Adrianopole, Manastir, and Salonica in Constantinople (now Istanbul) in 1878 and statistics reflecting the male population from 1873, Belitsa (Bielitsa) is shown as a village with 303 households, 640 Bulgarian Christians, and 250 Pomaks.[3] In agreement with the statistics of Vasil Kanchov, c. 1900, Belitsa (in old Bulgarian orthography Бѣлица) is a mixed Bulgarian-Christian and Bulgarian-Muslim village. 2,700 Bulgarian Christians live in it, as well as 550 Pomaks and 50 Vlachs.[4]
During 1833–1855, under the control of Pope Iliya, the church of Saint George was built. Construction was unusually slow due to opposition from the local Turkish government, which would often destroy what progress the Christians had made. The church was built contrary to the laws of the empire, in a high and visible part of the village, its domes visible from everywhere. As a compromise, Belitsan Christians convinced the local authority to bring a clock face from Vienna, which would be mounted on the highest dome.
In 1903, during the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising, the church was burned down and the clock fell to the ground, stopping at 16:00. Its parts were collected by the Bulgarian Muslims and later handed back to the returning Christians.
During the Russo-Turkish War from 1877 to 1878, under the Samara flag, 19 Belitsan volunteers fought at Svishtov, Rousse, Sheinovo, and Shipka. They returned to their village with many medals and honors and were received with delight by their neighbours. Belitsan volunteers were also involved in the Kresna-Razlog Uprising as well as the training and fighting at Razlog. A large number of the volunteers were sent to prison or forced to leave the village.
In 1891, Georgi Strezov wrote of Belitsa:
In 1903, in retaliation for its participation in the Ilinden Uprising, Belitsa was burned to the ground; over 475 people died.
After the beginning of the First Balkan War, 49 people from Belitsa took part in the Macedonian-Adrianople volunteer regiments.[5]
After the Second Balkan War in 1913, Belitsa remained in Bulgarian territory. According to Dimitar Gadzhanov, in 1916, Belitsa was a mixed Bulgarian-Pomak village, the Pomaks numbering around 400.[6]
In 1920, the Rila Planina forest labour production cooperative was formed. In 1935, it had 480 members.[7]
The economy of Belitsa is based primarily on small workshops in the wood processing and sewing industries. The NSI reports that in the territory of the municipality, there are 150 registered businesses, the largest being related to transportation, repair, and service (totaling 36.6%), followed by manufacturing (24.3%), and hotel and restaurant services (around 18%), primarily in the neighbourhood Semkovo. The lowest percentage is that of businesses involved with village, hunting, and forest economies, at 4.3%.
Arable land is 54.2% of farming territory and comprises a total of 34,203 decares. Its relative share of the total area of the municipality is 11.7%; about four times less than the national average (44.8%). 3.6 acres of farmland are available per capita, while the country average is 6.3 hectares per capita.
The Georgi Todorov community centre has a history spanning over a century. It was created as a workshop in 1885 by returning war volunteers, who brought Russian books from free Bulgaria, with which to enlighten Belitsans. In addition to its workshop activities, the builders used it to develop the revolution against the Ottomans. The local Turkish authorities forbade its use, but books were still being provided by the local citizens.
Belitsa's population is mixed, with both Christians and Muslims.
Belitsa Peninsula on Graham Land in Antarctica is named after Belitsa.