| Iaaf: | BEL |
| Fedname: | Royal Belgian Athletics League |
| Year: | 2006 |
| Games: | European Athletics Championships |
| Location: | Zürich |
| Gold: | 3 |
| Silver: | 0 |
| Bronze: | 0 |
| Appearances: | auto |
| Previous: | 2002 |
| Next: | 2010 |
Belgium sent 32 athletes to the 2006 European Athletics Championships, which is a very big delegation for Belgium, as they only once sent more athletes, 44 to the 1950 European Athletics Championships. The most important names were Kim Gevaert, Tia Hellebaut and Cédric Van Branteghem.
| Place | Athlete | Event | Result | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 100m W | F: 11.06 | ||
| 1 | Kim Gevaert | 200m W | F: 22.68 | |
| 1 | Tia Hellebaut | High Jump W | F: 2m03 CR/NR | |
| 4 | Kristof Beyens | 200m M | F: 20.57 SB | |
| 5 | 3,000m Steeplechase W | F: 9:35.78 | ||
| 9 | Hanna Mariën | 200m W | SF: 23.59 | |
| 10 | Tom Compernolle | 5,000m M | F: 14:03.37 | |
| 10 | Nathalie De Vos | 10,000m W | F: 31:45.94 PB | |
| 11 | Olivia Borlée | 200m W | SF: 23.90 | |
| 11 | Nathalie De Vos | 5,000m W | F: 15:22:68 PB | |
| 11 | Monder Rizki | 5,000m M | F: 14:04.96 | |
| 13 | Pieter Desmet | 3,000m Steeplechase M | SF: 8:32.93 | |
| 13 | François Gourmet | Decathlon M | 7921 SB | |
| 13 | Thomas Matthys | 800m M | SF: 1:49.65 | |
| 13 | Tom van Hooste | 5,000m M | F: 14:15.32 | |
| 15 | Willem van Hoof | 10,000m M | F: 28:57.11 | |
| 15 | Erik Wijmeersch | 100m M | SF: 10.47 | |
| 16 | Jesse Stroobants | 10,000m M | F: 28:59.91 | |
| 16 | Cédric Van Branteghem | 400m M | SF: DNF | |
| 17 | Monder Rizki | 10,000m M | F: 29:13.62 | |
| 17 | Michael Velter | Triple Jump M | Q: 16m56 | |
| 21 | Tim Clerbout | 1,500m M | SF: 3:48.43 | |
| 22 | Eline Berings | 100m Hurdles W | R1: 13.42 | |
| 23 | Kevin Rans | Pole Vault M | Q: 5.35 | |
| 27 | Matthieu Vandiest | 1,500m M | SF: 3:50.28 | |
| DNF | Fatiha Baouf | 10,000m W | ||
| DNF | Belgium | 4 × 100 m Relay W | F: DNF | |
| DNF | Belgium | 4 × 100 m Relay M | SF: DNF | |
| DNF | Jonathan Nsenga | 110m Hurdles M | ||
| DNF | Anja Smolders | 10,000m W |
| valign=top | Men
| valign=top | Women
|