Belgian Canadians Explained

Group:	Belgian Canadians
Population:	186,665 (by ancestry, 2016 Census)^[1]
Popplace:	Montreal, Toronto, Calgary, Vancouver, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Ottawa
Languages:	Canadian EnglishCanadian FrenchFlemish DutchBelgian FrenchGerman
Religions:	Christianity (Catholicism)
Related:	Dutch CanadiansFrench CanadiansGerman Canadians

Belgian Canadians (French: Canadiens belges; Dutch; Flemish: Belgisch-canadezen) are Canadian citizens of Belgian ancestry or Belgium-born people who reside in Canada. According to the 2011 census there were 176,615 Canadians who claimed full or partial Belgian ancestry.^[1] It encompasses immigrants from both French and Dutch-speaking parts of Belgium.

History

People from the Southern Netherlands (present-day Belgium) first arrived in the 1660s. A trickle of artisans came to New France before the 1750s. In the mid-19th century there were enough arrivals to open part-time consulates in Montreal, Quebec City and Halifax. After 1859 the main attraction was free farm land. After 1867 the national government gave immigrants from Belgium preferred status, and encouraged emigration to the Francophone Catholic communities of Quebec and Manitoba. Édouard Simaeys became a part-time paid Canadian agent in Belgium to publicize opportunities in Canada and facilitate immigration. The steamship companies prepared their own brochures and offered package deals to farm families. By 1898 there was a full-time Canadian office in Antwerp which provided pamphlets, lectures and specific travel advice. By 1906 some 2,000 Belgians a year were arriving, most with skills in agriculture. A third wave of immigration took place after 1945, with urban areas the destination. The 1961 census counted 61,000 Canadians of Belgian ancestry.^[2]

Belgian immigration to Western Canada in the late 19th and early 20th century attracted the attention of the Belgian government. It enacted laws and regulations to protect the emigrants and guarantee adequate travel conditions. Provision was made to assist emigrants who decided to return to Belgium. Starting in the 1860s consular officials made on-site visits to inspect conditions in Canada, which eagerly welcomed the new arrivals. The Catholic church was likewise welcoming, and a number of priests emigrated. The Walloon immigrants discovered they could continue to speak French in Canada, while the Flemish quickly learned English. The Belgians formed no national organizations but they were active in local affairs. Some settled in towns such as Saint Boniface, Manitoba, but most became farmers who specialized in dairy farming, sugar beets and market gardening. After 1920 there was a move to western Alberta, with an economy based on ranching, horse breeding, and sugar beets.^[3]

During the Second World War, Belgian émigrés from Canada and elsewhere in the Americas were formed into the 2nd Fusilier Battalion of the Free Belgian Forces, which was based in Canada.^[4]

Demographics

Belgian Canadians by Canadian province or territory (2016)

Province	Population	Percentage	Source
	57,890	0.4%	^[5]
	51,340	0.7%	^[6]
	21,515	1.7%	^[7]
	21,210	0.5%	^[8]
	19,980	0.4%	^[9]
	9,655	0.9%	^[10]
	2,620	0.3%	^[11]
	1,465	0.2%	^[12]
	440	0.3%	^[13]
	200	0.0%	^[14]
	170	0.5%	^[15]
	145	0.4%	^[16]
	30	0.1%	^[17]
	186,665	0.5%	^[18]

Notable people

• Johan Beetz (1874–1949), Belgian-born naturalist and namesake of Baie-Johan-Beetz, Quebec
• Gustave Francq (1871–1952), Belgian-born printer and trade unionist
• Maurice Baudoux (1902–1988), Belgian-born Catholic priest and Archbishop of Saint Boniface, Manitoba
• Alexis Nihon (1902–1980), Belgian-born industrialist
• Marcel Lambert (1919–2000), politician and Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada
• Michael DeGroote (1933–2022), businessman and philanthropist
• Émilie Heymans (1981–), Belgian-born Olympic diver
• Lance Stroll (1998–), Formula One driver

See also

• European Canadians
• Belgian Americans
• Gazette van Detroit (1914–2018)
• Belgium–Canada relations
• Red Star Line

Further reading

• Book: Jaenen . Cornelius J. . d’Haenens . Leen . Images of Canadianness: Visions on Canada's Politics, Culture, Economics . 1998 . University of Ottawa Press . Ottawa . 9780776627090 . 67–90 . https://books.openedition.org/uop/1424 . The Belgian Presence in Canada.
• Book: Jaenen . Cornelius J. . Magocsi . Paul R. . The Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples . 1999 . 257–69 . Belgians.
• Book: Jaenen . Cornelius J. . Promoters, Planters, and Pioneers: The Course and Context of Belgian Settlement in Western Canada . 2011 . University of Calgary Press . Calgary, Alberta, Canada . 978-1-55238-570-8 .
• Book: Magee . Joan . The Belgians in Ontario: A History . 1987 . Dundurn Press . Toronto . 978-1-55002-014-4.
• Book: Stynen . Andreas . Boer vindt land : Vlaamse migranten en Noord-Amerika . 2014 . Davidsfonds . Leuven . 9789059085497.
• Book: Vermeirre . André . L'immigration des Belges au Québec . 2001 . Septentrion . Sillery . 9782894483015.

External links

• Belgian Canadians at The Canadian Encyclopedia.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables . Statistics Canada . Statistics Canada . 11 February 2014.
2. Paul R. Magocsi, Encyclopedia of Canada's peoples (1999) pp 257-69
3. Cornelius J. Jaenen, Promoters, Planters, and Pioneers: The Course and Context of Belgian Settlement in Western Canada (University of Calgary Press, 2011)
4. Book: Thomas, Nigel. Foreign Volunteers of the Allied Forces, 1939–45. limited. 1991. Osprey. London. 978-1-85532-136-6. 15–6.
5. Web site: Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Ontario, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data . . 25 October 2017 . . 30 January 2020.
6. Web site: Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Quebec, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data . . 25 October 2017 . . 30 January 2020.
7. Web site: Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Manitoba, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data . . 25 October 2017 . . 30 January 2020.
8. Web site: Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Alberta, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data . . 25 October 2017 . . 30 January 2020.
9. Web site: Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), British Columbia, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data . . 25 October 2017 . . 30 January 2020.
10. Web site: Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Saskatchewan, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data . . 25 October 2017 . . 30 January 2020.
11. Web site: Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Nova Scotia, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data . . 25 October 2017 . . 30 January 2020.
12. Web site: Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), New Brunswick, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data . . 25 October 2017 . . 30 January 2020.
13. Web site: Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Prince Edward Island, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data . . 25 October 2017 . . 30 January 2020.
14. Web site: Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Newfoundland and Labrador, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data . . 25 October 2017 . . 30 January 2020.
15. Web site: Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Yukon, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data . . 25 October 2017 . . 30 January 2020.
16. Web site: Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Northwest Territories, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data . . 25 October 2017 . . 30 January 2020.
17. Web site: Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Nunavut, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data . . 25 October 2017 . . 30 January 2020.
18. Web site: Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables. 25 October 2017 . statcan.gc.ca.