| Beichuan County | |
| Native Name Lang: | zh-Hans |
| Official Name: | Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County |
| Postal Code: | 622750 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Pushpin Map: | China Sichuan |
| Pushpin Label: | Beichuan |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location of the county seat in Sichuan |
| Pushpin Mapsize: | 250 |
| Seat: | Yongchang |
| Seat Type: | County seat |
| Settlement Type: | Autonomous County |
| Mapsize: | 250px |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | China |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Name1: | Sichuan |
| Subdivision Type2: | Prefecture-level city |
| Subdivision Name2: | Mianyang |
| Area Code: | 0816 |
| Area Total Km2: | 3112 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 |
| Population Footnotes: | [1] |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Population Total: | 174132 |
| Coor Pinpoint: | Beichuan County government |
| Coordinates: | 31.6172°N 104.4682°W |
| Elevation M: | 598 |
| Timezone: | China Standard |
| Utc Offset: | +8 |
Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County (; Qiang: Juda Rrmea nyujugvexueaji xae) is a county under the jurisdiction of Mianyang City in northern Sichuan province, China. It is located in an ethnically diverse mountainous region of Sichuan. Its Chinese name literally means "North" (bei) "River" (chuan). Its new county seat is located at Yongchang after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake.
Beichuan County has an area of .[2] The county varies in elevation from 540 to 4,769 meters in height.
The county's major rivers, which include the, the, and the Pingtong River belong to the larger Fu River watershed.
The first administrative county of Beichuan was set up in 564 A.D. during the Northern Zhou dynasty. The Tang dynasty first created another county, Shiquan inside the original Beichuan county in 634 A.D., then in 651 A.D. merged Beichuan county into Shiquan. The Republic of China changed the county name back to Beichuan in 1914 because there had been a Shiquan county in Shaanxi province before 564 A.D.[3]
In 1988, China granted Beichuan county the status of Qiang autonomy. The Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County was formally created on July 6, 2003.
Beichuan was the first county in Sichuan to make the claim as the birthplace of Yu the Great, founder of the Xia dynasty and traditionally regarded as the first hereditary sovereign in Chinese history.[4] Although this claim is probably more commercial than historical, Beichuan was part of West Qiang that some ancient records accredited as Yu's birthplace, just like the other three locations in Sichuan, namely Wenchuan, Dujiangyan, and Shifang, that raised similar claims.[5] Many places in other parts of China have made similar claims.
Also like the other three counties and towns in Sichuan holding claims to be the birthplace of Yu the Great, Beichuan is among the most severely hit of all disaster regions following the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, including the Beichuan High School campus, where more than 1,000 students lost their lives after two main buildings collapsed.[6] Beichuan's Party and government building also collapsed, and Yang Zesen, Beichuan's vice mayor then was among the victims. 80% of the county's buildings are said to have collapsed.[7]
The county town, which prior to the earthquake had a population of 20,000, is to be made into a memorial park, as the site has been deemed too vulnerable. The survivors of the quake have been relocated.[8]
The earthquake also caused a landslide on Mount Tangjia which dammed the Jian River and created the Tangjiashan Quake Lake. The lake was once in danger of causing the Tangjiashan Dam to collapse and catastrophically flood downstream communities, totalling over a million persons. On June 10, 2008, the lake spilled through an artificially constructed sluice channel and flooded the evacuated town. No casualties were caused.
Beichuan was at the center of one of two zones where seismic intensity were the highest at XI liedu during this earthquake and its aftershocks.[9] Since the earthquake, the central government has increased fortification intensity for seismic design for the old county town from VI to VIII.[10]
Beichuan County has 9 towns, 9 townships, and 1 ethnic township.[11] [12]
Beichuan County had a population of 235,304 in 2017, of which 61.5% are Han Chinese, 36.6% of which are Qiang people (a Sino-Tibetan people related to Tibetans), 1.5% are Tibetans, 0.2% are Hui, and the remaining 0.2% belong to various other ethnic groups.[13]
The county is home to 34 standard schools, of which, 24 are primary schools, 9 junior high schools, and 1 compulsory school.[14]
Beichuan also houses the Beichuan Red Army Elementary School.[15]