| Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib | |
| Office: | 1st First Lady of Bangladesh |
| President: | Sheikh Mujibur Rahman |
| Term Label: | In role |
| Term Start: | 25 January 1975 |
| Term End: | 15 August 1975 |
| Predecessor: | herself |
| Successor: | Khaleda Zia |
| President1: | Sheikh Mujibur Rahman |
| Term Label1: | In role |
| Term Start1: | 11 April 1971 |
| Term End1: | 12 January 1972 |
| Predecessor1: | Position established |
| Successor1: | herself |
| Birth Name: | Begum Fazilatunnesa |
| Birth Date: | 1930 8, df=yes |
| Birth Place: | Tungipara, Bengal, British India |
| Death Place: | Dacca, Bangladesh |
| Relatives: | See Tungipara Sheikh family |
| Death Cause: | Assassination by firearm |
| Honorific Prefix: | Mother of the Nation Bangamata |
| Resting Place: | Banani graveyard |
Begum Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib[1] (Bengali: শেখ ফজিলাতুন্নেছা মুজিব; 8 August 1930[2] [3] – 15 August 1975[4]), commonly known as Begum Mujib;[5] and also known by her nickname Renu (Bengali: রেনু),[6] was the wife of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founder and the first President of Bangladesh. She is the mother of Sheikh Hasina, the leader of the Awami League from 2009-2024. She was killed along with her husband, brother-in-law, 3 sons and 2 daughters-in-law.[7]
Sheikh Fazilatunnesa was born in 1930, to the Bengali Muslim Sheikh family in the village of Tungipara, Gopalganj in 1930.[8] Her father was Sheikh Zahurul Haque and her mother Sheikh Husne Ara Begum.[9] Her paternal grandfather Sheikh Kashem, was grandson of Sheikh Ekramullah, who was descended from Sheikh Abdul Awal Darwish, a dervish who had come to preach Islam in Bengal during the early 18th century.[10] [11] Her father, Sheikh Zahurul Haque, and mother, Husne Ara Begum, died when she was three years old. Her elder sister's name is Sheikh Jinnatunnesa.Fazilatunnesa was a paternal cousin of her husband Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. When Fazilatunnesa was only 3 and Sheikh Mujib was 13, their marriage had been fixed by elders in the family.[12] Renu was only 8 years old when she was married to her husband, who himself was just 18, in 1938.[12] The couple later had two daughters Sheikh Hasina and Sheikh Rehana, as well as three sons Sheikh Kamal, Sheikh Jamal and Sheikh Russel.[12] Fazilatunnesa Mujib was under house arrest during Bangladesh Liberation War until 17 December.[13]
See main article: Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
On 15 August 1975, a group of junior army officers attacked the presidential residence with tanks and assassinated Mujib, his family and personal staff. Only her daughters Sheikh Hasina and Sheikh Rehana, who were visiting West Germany, escaped. They were banned from returning to Bangladesh. Others killed included Fazilatunnesa's 10-year-old son Sheikh Russel, two other sons Sheikh Kamal, Sheikh Jamal, daughters-in-law Sultana Kamal and Parveen Jamal Rosy (who is also her cousins daughter), brother Abdur Rab Serniabat and brother-in-law Sheikh Abu Naser, nephew Sheikh Fazlul Haque Mani and his wife Arzoo Moni.[14] The coup was planned by disgruntled Awami League colleagues and military officers, which included Mujib's colleague and former confidant Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad, who became his immediate successor. Lawrence Lifschultz has alleged that the CIA was involved in the coup and assassination, basing his assumption on statements by the then US ambassador in Dhaka, Eugene Booster.[15]
Mujib's death plunged the nation into many years of political turmoil. The coup leaders were soon overthrown and a series of counter-coups and political assassinations paralysed the country. Order was largely restored after a coup in 1977 gave control to the army chief Ziaur Rahman. Declaring himself President in 1978, Ziaur Rahman signed the Indemnity Ordinance, giving immunity from prosecution to the men who plotted Mujib's overthrow and assassination.
See also: List of artistic depictions of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Bangabandhu Memorial Trust in partnership with Malaysian hospital chain KPJ Healthcare built the Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib Memorial KPJ Specialised Hospital and Nursing College in her memory.[16] The hospital was inaugurated by Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak.[17] A dormitory in Eden college is named after her.[18] Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib Hall is a female dorm in Rajshahi University.[19] Govt. Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib Mohila College is located in Tangail.[20] Lastly, Bangamata Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib Science and Technology University (BSFMSTU) is situated in Jamalpur.