| Bailén | |
| Settlement Type: | Municipality |
| Pushpin Map: | Spain Province of Jaén#Spain Andalusia#Spain |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Spain |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  Spain |
| Subdivision Type1: | Autonomous community |
| Subdivision Type2: | Province |
| Subdivision Name2: | Jaén |
| Subdivision Type3: | Comarca |
| Subdivision Name3: | Sierra Morena |
| Coordinates: | 38.0833°N -49°W |
| Elevation M: | 343 |
| Area Total Km2: | 117.6 |
| Population Demonym: | Bailenenses |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Timezone: | CET |
| Utc Offset: | +1 |
| Timezone Dst: | CEST |
| Utc Offset Dst: | +2 |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 23710 |
| Area Code Type: | Dialing code |
| Leader Title: | Mayor |
| Leader Name: | David Padilla Molina |
Bailén (archaically known as Baylen in English) is a town in the province of Jaén, Spain.
Bailén is probably the ancient Baecula, where the Romans, under Scipio the Elder, signally defeated the Carthaginians in 209 and 206 B.C. In its neighbourhood, also, in 1212, was fought the great Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, in which, according to the ancient chroniclers, the Castilians under Alphonso VIII, slew 200,000 Almohads, and themselves only lost 25 men. Although this estimate is absurd, the victory of the Christians was complete.
There is a convent that dates from 729. The city of Bailén has a large industrial activity of ceramics, wine and hospitality, along with the cultivation of herbaceous crops and the development of an olive oil industry. The municipal area of Bailén borders the municipalities of Baños de la Encina and Guarromán to the north and west, Linares to the east, to the south with Jabalquinto and Espeluy, and with Villanueva de la Reina.
The parish church of Nuestra Señora de la Encarnación, which was built in the 15th century, in the Elizabethan Gothic style, is one of the greatest architectural exponents of the town, declared a Historical Monument. Also noteworthy are the hermitages of Nuestra Señora de la Soledad (15th century), in Gothic style, the hermitages of Jesús and El Cristo, both in baroque style (18th century), that of the Virgin of Zocueca, built between the 17th and 18th centuries. xviii and the parish of San José Obrero, along with its neighborhood, which celebrates its festivities in its honor on May 1.
In 1808, during the Peninsular War, it was the site of a series of clashes (the Battle of Bailén) at which General Castaños defeated General Pierre Dupont.[1] The capitulation, signed at Andújar by Dupont on the 23rd of July 1808, involved the surrender of 17,000 men to the Spaniards, and was the first severe blow suffered by the French in the Peninsular War.
The town has many quarries, resulting in a reputation for craft products.
