Baikonur Explained

Official Name:Baikonur
Native Name:
Pushpin Map:Kazakhstan#Asia#Eurasia
Pushpin Label Position:bottom
Pushpin Mapsize:280
Pushpin Map Caption:Location in Kazakhstan
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Type1:City
Established Title2:Founded
Established Date2:1955
Established Title3:Incorporated (city)
Established Date3:1966
Leader Title:Administrator
Leader Name:Konstantin Dmitrievich Busygin
Area Total Km2:57
Population As Of:2020
Population Footnotes:[1]
Population Total:39,341
Population Density Km2:auto
Timezone:[2]
Elevation M:100
Postal Code Type:Postal code
Postal Code:710501
Area Code:+7 73622
Registration Plate:N, 11 (Kazakhstan), 94 (Russia)
Blank1 Name:Climate
Blank1 Info:BWk
Image Map1:Baikonur in Kazakhstan.svg

Baikonur (Kazakh: Байқоңыр, Kazakh: Baiqoñyr, in Kazakh pronounced as /bɑjqoŋəɾ/; Russian: Байконур|translit=Baykonur, pronounced as /ru/), formerly known as Leninsk, is a city in Kazakhstan on the northern bank of the Syr Darya river. It is currently leased and administered by the Russian Federation as an enclave until 2050.[3] It was constructed to service the Baikonur Cosmodrome and was officially renamed Baikonur by Russian president Boris Yeltsin on December 20, 1995. During the Soviet period, it was sometimes referred to as Zvezdograd (Russian: Звездоград), Russian for Star City.[4]

The rented area is an ellipse measuring east to west by 85km (53miles) north to south, with the cosmodrome situated at the area's centre.

Foreign visitors and tourists can visit the cosmodrome and city but need to obtain a specific permit from Roscosmos.[5]

History

The original Baikonur (Kazakh for "wealthy brown", i.e. "fertile land with many herbs") is a mining town 320 kilometres northeast of the present location, near Dzhezkazgan in Kazakhstan's Karagandy Region. Starting with Vostok 1 in April 1961, the launch site was given this name to cause confusion and keep the location secret. (The original Baikonur's residents took advantage of the confusion by ordering and receiving many scarce materials before government officials discovered the deception.)[6] Baikonur's railway station predates the base and retains the old name of Tyuratam. This was the original Soviet railway station (railhead) on the Moscow to Tashkent Railway that the Cosmodrome was initially named after.

The fortunes of the city have varied according to those of the Soviet or Russian space program and its Baikonur Cosmodrome.

Due to the city's military and scientific significance, it was closed off by Soviet authorities. It did not appear on maps available to the general public during the Soviet period prior to perestroika.

The Soviet government established the Nauchno-Issledovatel'skii Ispytatel'nyi Poligon N.5 (NIIIP-5), or Scientific-Research Test Range N.5 by its decree of 12 February 1955. The U-2 high-altitude reconnaissance plane found and photographed the Tyuratam missile test range (cosmodrome Baikonur) for the first time on 5 August 1957.[7] [8]

The town has unique ties with space, and hence the history of the rocket building and space binds all the sights in the area and the cosmodrome. However, there are only a few exceptions: old locomotive, an Orthodox Church and a new mosque.[9]

The city administratively belongs to the Odintsovsky District of Moscow Oblast.[10] [11]

Climate

Baikonur features a cold desert climate (BWk). Summers are hot with July highs averaging slightly over, while winters are cold, with longer periods of sustained below-freezing temperatures.

Places of interest

South of city center, near the Syr Darya River there is a large park with several sports and amusement facilities. Among these is a ferris wheel, which is no longer in use. The park is located at coordinates 45.6117°N 63.3183°W.

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Численность населения Республики Казахстан по отдельным этносам на начало 2020 года. Комитет по статистике Министерства национальной экономики Республики Казахстан. 27 April 2020. 23 July 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110723084204/http://www.stat.kz/p_perepis/Documents/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%20%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81.pdf. dead.
  2. http://www.baikonuradm.ru/index.php?mod=all/news&ID=7130 On the time change in the city of Baikonur and Kyzylorda region
  3. Web site: Kazakhstan: Russia to keep using Baikonur until at least 2050 | Eurasianet .
  4. Book: Barensky . C. . Lardier . Stefan . The Soyuz launch vehicle the two lives of an engineering triumph . 2013 . Springer . New York . 978-1461454595 . 189 .
  5. News: 2022-05-08 . British YouTube travel star Benjamin Rich arrested at Baikonur Cosmodrome, Russia says . en . Reuters . 2023-09-02.
  6. Book: Siddiqi, Asif A. . Challenge To Apollo: The Soviet Union and the Space Race, 1945-1974 . 284 . NASA.
  7. Web site: Baikonur Cosmodrome - Tyuratam Missile Range. History. Mug and T-shirt . 2023-09-02 . www.astronauticsnow.com . en.
  8. Web site: 2008-02-13 . The U-2 Program: A Russian Officer Remembers — Central Intelligence Agency . 2023-09-02 . 2008-02-13 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080213072059/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/winter98_99/art02.html . dead .
  9. Web site: Baikonur. dead. April 5, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210414205303/https://samarkandtours.com/kazakhstan/baikonur/ . 2021-04-14 .
  10. Web site: odi_love . Знаете что связывает космодром Байконур и Одинцовский район? . LiveJournal . 22 February 2023.
  11. Web site: Obukhov . Aleksei . Самым безопасным городом Подмосковья оказался Байконур в Казахстане . MKRU . 20 December 2016 . 22 February 2023.