Bay of Grama explained

Grama Bay
Other Name:Gjiri i Gramës
Location:Southern Europe
Pushpin Map:Albania
Width:ca. 100m (300feet)
Depth:ca. 200m (700feet)
Coords:40.2156°N 19.4733°W
Oceans:Ionian Sea, Mediterranean Sea

The Bay of Grama (in Albanian pronounced as /ˈɟiːɾi i ˈgraːməs/ — Albanian: Gjiri i Gramës) is a bay in the Ionian Sea situated along the Albanian Ionian Sea Coast on the Mediterranean Sea in Southern Europe. It is one of many bays of the western Ceraunian Mountains along the Albanian Riviera south of the Karaburun Peninsula.[1] The bay is primarily known as a touristic place, and for the engraved inscriptions in the surrounding coastal cliffs as its name relieves.

Name

The name of the bay is closely associated with the engraved inscriptions in the surrounding coastal cliffs; Grama for the Greek word for 'letter'.[2] [3] It is also referred to as Gram(m)ata, the plural form of 'Gram(m)a' from the inscriptions of thanksgiving left by Greek, Roman and medieval sailors in honour of the Dioscuri, Castor and Pollux, and other patrons.[4] [5]

Human history

In antiquity the bay of Grama was a cove along the Chaonian coast west of the Ceraunian Mountains.[6] The bay is home to precious archaeological, historical and cultural values, as it served as an important harbour and shelter for those sailing along the coast during classical antiquity.[7] On the vertical cliffs and rocks, there are numerous carved inscriptions in Ancient Greek, Latin and Medieval Greek.[8] This kind of inscriptions were known in antiquity as euploia (Greek, Modern (1453-);: ευπλοϊα) inscriptions.[9]

During the Second World War, it was used as a base for the Special Operations Executive.[10]

Geomorphology

Representing a rocky bay, the shore is dominated by coastal cliffs, sloping vertically into the sea and rocky, pebbled beaches. It stretches within the Karaburun-Sazan Marine Park and was designated as a natural monument because of its outstanding landscape dotted with solutional and sea caves.[11] [12]

Biodiversity

The precious landscapes of the bay are of global importance, because they contribute to the country's ecological balance and provide habitat for numerous globally threatened and endangered species. The sea caves are an exceptional ecosystem and give important refuge to the mediterranean monk seal, the rarest seal species in the world.[13] [14]

See also

Sources

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Agjencia Kombëtare e Zonave të Mbrojtura (AKZM) . Gjiri dhe shpella e Gramës . akzm.gov.al . Tirana . Albanian . 2018-07-06 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180618105345/http://akzm.gov.al/apps/akzm_cd/Vlore/VL_Mon/VL16.htm . 2018-06-18 .
  2. Web site: Discover Albania: Green Coast Attractions . 30 September 2019 . 16.
  3. Book: Peter Lucas . The OSS in World War II Albania: Covert Operations and Collaboration with Communist Partisans . 16 February 2015 . McFarland, 2017 . 978-1-4766-0943-0 . 50 . English.
  4. Book: Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière Hammond. Collected studies. 1994. Hakkert. 401.
  5. Book: Agnes Jensen Mangerich. Albanian Escape: The True Story of U.S. Army Nurses Behind Enemy Lines. 2006. University Press of Kentucky. 204.
  6. Book: De Maria. Sandro. Mancini. Lorenzo. Politics, Territory and Identity in Ancient Epirus. Territori e paesaggi sacri nella Caonia ellenistica e romana. Adolfo J. Domínguez. Edizioni ETS. 2018 . 978-88-467-4830-0. 207.
  7. Web site: THE FIRST MPA IN ALBANIA, SAZANI ISLAND – KARABURUNI PENINSULA, AS A REGIONAL PRIORITY CONSERVATION AREA FOR MARINE BIODIVERSITY . zrsvn.si . English . 2018-07-07 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140819102817/http://www.zrsvn.si/dokumenti/63/2/2011/Kashta_2525.pdf . 2014-08-19 .
  8. Les inscriptions de Grammata (Albanie). 10.3406/reg.2007.7870. 2007. Hajdari. Arben. Reboton. Johany. Shpuza. Saïmir. Cabanes. Pierre. Revue des Études Grecques. 120. 2. 353–394.
  9. Book: Morais . Rui . Leão . Delfim . Pérez . Diana Rodríguez . Ferreira . Daniela . Greek Art in Motion: Studies in honour of Sir John Boardman on the occasion of his 90th Birthday . 11 March 2019 . Archaeopress Publishing Ltd . 978-1-78969-024-8 . 346 . en.
  10. Roderick Bailey: The Wildest Province SOE In the Land of the Eagle, Vintage 2009 p206
  11. Web site: Management Plan for National Marine Park Karaburun-Sazan. mcpa.iwlearn.org. 10. English. PDF.
  12. Web site: Instituti i Monumenteve të Kulturës (IMK) . LISTA E MONUMENTEVE TË KULTURËS - QARKU VLORË 2017 . imk.gov.al . Albanian . 2018-07-06 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180712211422/http://imk.gov.al/site/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/DRKK-VLORE.pdf . 2018-07-12 .
  13. Web site: . Protected area gap assessment, marine biodiversity and legislation on marine protected areas . undp.org . Tirana . 61 . English . 2018-07-07 . 2017-08-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170802165036/http://www.undp.org/content/dam/albania/docs/Albania%20Protected%20Area%20Gap%20Assessment.pdf . dead .
  14. Web site: . Mediterranean Monk Seal One Of The Rarest Mammals In The World . wwf.panda.org/ . English.

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