Bay Ridge, Brooklyn Explained

Bay Ridge
Settlement Type:Neighborhood of Brooklyn
Mapsize:250x200px
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name: United States
Subdivision Type1:State
Subdivision Type2:City
Subdivision Name2:New York City
Subdivision Type3:Borough
Subdivision Name3:Brooklyn
Subdivision Type4:Community District
Subdivision Name4:Brooklyn 10[1]
Leader Title:Congress
Leader Name:Dan Goldman (10th)
Nicole Malliotakis (11th)
Unit Pref:Imperial
Area Footnotes:[2]
Area Total Km2:5.49
Area Land Km2:5.49
Area Water Km2:0
Population Total:79,371
Population As Of:2010
Population Density Km2:auto
Timezone1:Eastern
Utc Offset1:−5
Timezone1 Dst:EDT
Utc Offset1 Dst:−4
Postal Code Type:ZIP Codes
Postal Code:11209, 11220
Area Code Type:Area code
Area Code:718, 347, 929, and 917

Bay Ridge is a neighborhood in the southwest corner of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. It is bounded by Sunset Park to the north, Dyker Heights to the east, the Narrows and the Belt Parkway to the west, and Fort Hamilton Army Base and the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge to the south. The section of Bay Ridge south of 86th Street is sometimes considered part of a sub-neighborhood called Fort Hamilton.

Bay Ridge was formerly the westernmost portion of the town of New Utrecht, comprising two smaller villages: Yellow Hook to the north and Fort Hamilton to the south. Yellow Hook was named for the color of the soil and was renamed Bay Ridge in December 1853 to avoid negative connotations with yellow fever at the time; the name Bay Ridge was chosen based on the local geography.[3] Bay Ridge became developed as a rural summer resort during the mid-19th century. The arrival of the New York City Subway's Fourth Avenue Line (present-day) in 1916 led to its development as a residential neighborhood. Until the early 1970s, Bay Ridge was dominated by its Norwegian community, but by the late 20th and early 21st centuries, it had a large Arab, Irish, Italian, and Greek population.

Bay Ridge is part of Brooklyn Community District 10, and its primary ZIP Codes are 11209 and 11220. It is patrolled by the 68th Precinct of the New York City Police Department. Politically, it is represented by the New York City Council's 43rd District.[4]

History

Early settlements

South Brooklyn was originally settled by the Canarsee Indians, one of several indigenous Lenape peoples who farmed and hunted on the land. The Canarsee Indians had several routes that crossed Brooklyn, including a path from Fulton Ferry along the East River that extended southward to Gowanus Creek, Sunset Park, and Bay Ridge.[5] [6] The Canarsee traded with other indigenous peoples, and by the early 17th century, also with Dutch and English settlers.

The first European settlement at Bay Ridge occurred in 1636 when Willem Adriaenszen Bennett and Jacques Bentyn purchased between 28th and 60th Streets, in what is now Sunset Park.[7] [8] However, after the land was purchased in the 1640s by Dutch settlers who laid out their farms along the waterfront, the Canarsee were soon displaced, and had left Brooklyn by the 18th century. Present-day Bay Ridge was the westernmost portion of New Utrecht, founded in 1657 by the Dutch.[9] [10] The area consisted of two sister villages: Yellow Hook to the north, named for the color of the soil, with "Hook" from the Dutch hoek, meaning "corner"[11] and Fort Hamilton to the south, named for the military installation at its center.

Yellow Hook was mostly farmland until the late 1840s. In 1848, Third Avenue within the area was widened. Two years later, a group of artists moved to the area and founded a colony called Ovington Village, named after the family who owned the farmland in the area.[12] [13] Around 1853, Yellow Hook changed the community's name to avoid association with yellow fever.[14] [15] "Bay Ridge" was suggested by local horticulturist James Weir after the area's most prominent geographic features: the high ridge that offered views of New York Bay.[16] [17] The natural beauty attracted the wealthy, who built country homes along Shore Road, overlooking the water.[18]

The first settlers referred to Fort Hamilton as the "Nyack Tract", after the Native American tribe that lived there. Fort Hamilton began to develop in the 1830s as a resort destination when the corresponding military fortification was created. The mostly-immigrant laborers in the area started to create a community to the fort's north and west, which included stores, houses, churches, and a school. The community was linked by stagecoach to New Utrecht, Gowanus, and downtown Brooklyn, as well as by ferry to Staten Island and Manhattan.[19] [20]

In the mid-19th century, a large number of country houses were built in Bay Ridge, especially along Shore Road, which faced the New York Harbor to the west. The advent of the telephone allowed estate owners to communicate with their businesses in Manhattan while enjoying their stays at the elegant estates of Bay Ridge.[21] Through this period Greek Revival, Italianate, and Gothic Revival villas were built on Shore Road; many of these villas were constructed by the descendants of the area's original settlers. Development in Bay Ridge continued through the 1890s.[22] One of the most prominent organizations in Bay Ridge was the Crescent Athletic Club, a football club built in 1884, which contained a summer clubhouse, boathouse, and playing fields. By the late 19th century, it was anticipated that a series of parkways would be built across Brooklyn, connecting Bay Ridge to Eastern Parkway, Ocean Parkway, and Prospect Park. As such, several wide, tree-lined streets were laid through the neighborhood, including 75th Street (now Bay Ridge Parkway); Fort Hamilton Parkway; and Shore Road.[23]

Rapid development and subway construction

Until the late 19th century, Bay Ridge would remain a relatively isolated rural area, reached primarily by stagecoaches, then by steam trolleys after 1878. In 1892, the first electric trolley line was built in Brooklyn, starting at a ferry terminal at 39th Street and running via Second Avenue to 65th Street, and then via Third Avenue. The Fifth Avenue Elevated was then extended to Third Avenue and 65th Street.[24] This had the effect of raising land prices: one entity, the Bay Ridge Improvement Company, was able to buy land for 1000$/acre in 1890, and then sell land off for $1,000 per lot several years later.

Real estate speculation commenced at the beginning of the 20th century.[25] A building boom in South Brooklyn started in about 1902 and 1903, and thousands of people started coming to the area from Manhattan and from other places. The first definite plans for a Fourth Avenue subway (today's) were proposed by Rapid Transit Commission engineer William Barclay Parsons in 1903,[26] and two years later, a citizens' committee was created to aid the creation of the subway line.[27] The announcement of the subway line resulted in the immediate development of row houses in Bay Ridge.[28] In 1905 and 1906 realty values increased by about 100 percent, and land values increased due to the promise of improved transportation access. Such was the rate of development, houses were being sold before they were even completed, and land prices could rise significantly just within several hours.

The subway itself faced delays. In 1905, the Rapid Transit Commission adopted the Fourth Avenue route to Fort Hamilton; following approval by the Board of Estimate and mayor of New York City, the route was approved by the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court.[29] [30] [31] Bids for construction and operation were let,[29] [30] but in 1907, the Rapid Transit Commission was succeeded by the Public Service Commission (PSC).[27] For much of 1908, there were legal disagreements about whether the project could be funded while remaining within the city's debt limit. The PSC voted unanimously for the Fourth Avenue subway line in March 1908,[27] [29] but the Board of Estimate did not approve contracts for the line until October 1909. By then, a non-partisan political body, with the backing of 25,000 South Brooklyn residents, was created that would only support candidates in the municipal election that pledged support for the Fourth Avenue subway.[29] [32] [33] Groundbreaking for the first section of the subway, between DeKalb Avenue and 43rd Street took place in 1909.[34] Not long after the contracts were awarded, the PSC started negotiating with the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company and the Interborough Rapid Transit Company in the execution of the Dual Contracts, which were signed in 1913.[29] During the Dual System negotiations, the construction of an extension of the Fourth Avenue subway was recommended as part of the Dual System, which was approved in 1912. Construction began on the sections between 61st–89th Streets and between 43rd–61st Streets in 1913, and was completed two years later.

The line opened to 59th Street on June 21, 1915,[35] and was extended to 86th Street on January 15, 1916, at which time development started to accelerate.[36] At the time, Bay Ridge extended northward to what is now present-day Sunset Park.[37] Industrial developments were constructed along the waterfront north of present-day 65th Street, such as Bush Terminal (now Industry City), and those were considered to be within Bay Ridge.[38] By the 1920s, the number of apartment buildings had increased fivefold, replacing old farms, homesteads and houses.[39] [40] Schools, churches, stores, movie theaters, and other structures were also created to serve the growing population. The Fourth Avenue subway was extended further to Bay Ridge–95th Street in 1925,[41] [42] by which point Bay Ridge's population had more than doubled since 1900. By World War II, almost all of these large houses had been replaced with apartment buildings.

In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, many Norwegian and Danish sailors emigrated to Brooklyn, including Bay Ridge and neighboring Sunset Park; Lapskaus Boulevard, referring to the salted Norwegian beef stew, was the nickname of Eighth Avenue in this area.[43]

Staten Island connection and later years

There had been plans to build the Staten Island Tunnel, a railroad or subway tunnel, from Bay Ridge to Staten Island as early as 1890.[44] By the 1910s, there were two proposals to build a tunnel splitting from the Fourth Avenue subway in Bay Ridge, either at Fort Hamilton or at between 65th and 67th Streets.[45] The plan for the tunnel from 65th-67th Streets was ultimately selected[46] and work started in 1923, though the project was halted two years later.[47] In 1927, two years after the cancellation of the Staten Island Tunnel, engineer David B. Steinman brought up the possibility of constructing a vehicular bridge, the "Liberty Bridge", across the Narrows.[48] [49] The tunnel proposal was also revived with the announcement of the Liberty Bridge, and proposals for vehicular and rail tunnels were both considered.[50] [51] The bridge was disapproved by the United States Department of War in 1934,[52] and plans for a bridge were revived in 1936.[53] By the time the bridge was approved by the city's Board of Estimate in 1943, residents of Bay Ridge had turned against it, citing a detrimental impact to the neighborhood's character.[54]

Robert Moses, the chairman of the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority (TBTA), announced the revival of plans for what would become the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge in 1947.[55] U.S. Representative Donald Lawrence O'Toole, whose constituency included Bay Ridge, opposed the proposal for the bridge in part because he believed it would damage the character of Bay Ridge.[56] [57] The U.S. military approved the proposal anyway,[58] [59] and in 1957, Moses proposed expanding Brooklyn's Gowanus Expressway and extending it to the Narrows Bridge by way of Seventh Avenue, which would require cutting through the middle of Bay Ridge. This proposal drew opposition from the community, who wanted the approach to follow the Belt Parkway along the Brooklyn shore.[60] After holding a hearing for concerned Bay Ridge residents, the Board of Estimate affirmed the Narrows Bridge plan in October 1958,[61] though this angered Bay Ridge residents since the construction of the approach would displace 7,500 people.[62] Also destroyed was Fort Lafayette, part of New York City's defense system along with Fort Hamilton and Fort Wadsworth in Staten Island; it was replaced by the base of the bridge's east tower.[63] [64] The Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge opened in 1964.[65]

The 2007 Brooklyn tornado hit this area, specifically 68th Street and Bay Ridge Avenue between Third and Fourth Avenues.[66] Eleven houses had to be vacated after they suffered significant damage, and many of the trees on the two blocks toppled, landing on cars and stoops. The 4th Avenue Presbyterian Church had its very large stained glass window blown out.[67] As the tornado lifted, it peeled the roof of a nearby Nissan dealership and deforested 40% of Leif Ericson Park. The tornado has been rated EF2 on the Enhanced Fujita scale, with winds between 111 and 135 MPH.[68]

Demographics

Based on data from the 2020 United States Census, the population of Bay Ridge was 111,952, an increase of 32,581 from the 79,371 counted in the 2010 Census, representing an increase of (41.04%) and an increase of 31,413 (39%) from the 80,539 counted in 2000. Covering an area of, the neighborhood had a population density of 50.5PD/acre.[69]

As of the 2010 US Census, the racial makeup of the neighborhood was 60.1% White (55,976), 19.9% Hispanic (25,413), 15.4% (23,509) Asian, 2.3% Black (2,015), 1.9% (3,358) from two or more races, and 0.5% (335) as other races.[70]

The entirety of Community Board 10 had 142,075 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 83.1 years.[71] This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.[72] [73] The median age is 38, while 20% are between the ages of 0–17, 34% between 25 and 44, and 25% between 45 and 64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 7% and 15% respectively.

As of 2020, the median household income was $105,177.[74] In 2018, an estimated 19% of Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights residents lived in poverty, compared to 21% in all of Brooklyn and 20% in all of New York City. One in twelve residents (8%) were unemployed, compared to 9% in the rest of both Brooklyn and New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 49% in Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights, slightly lower than the citywide and boroughwide rates of 52% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation,, Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights are considered to be high-income neighborhoods relative to the rest of the city.

According to the 2020 census data from New York City Department of City Planning, Bay Ridge had 40,000 or more White residents, while its Asian and Hispanic populations each had between 10,000 and 19,999 residents.[75] [76]

Climate

Bay Ridge, Brooklyn falls under different climate types depending on the climate classification system used. However, the Köppen climate classification system is the most widely used climate classification scheme.

Community

Until the early 1970s, Bay Ridge was dominated by its Norwegian community. By 1971, the 30,000-strong Norwegian community of Bay Ridge boasted that it was the fourth-largest Norwegian "city" in the world.[77] Residents also compared Eighth Avenue's string of Norwegian businesses to Oslo's Karl Johans gate. The community continues to host the annual Norwegian Constitution Day Parade, also known as the Syttende Mai Parade, in which hundreds of people in folk dress proceed down Third Avenue. The celebration ends in Leif Ericson Park, where "Miss Norway" is crowned near the statue of Leif Ericson. The statue was donated by Crown Prince Olav, Prince of Norway, on behalf of the nation of Norway in 1939.[78] [79] Nordic Delicacies, a Norwegian gifts-and-groceries store, operated until 2015.[80]

, Bay Ridge still maintains a sizable Irish, Italian, and Greek population. Later in the 20th century, like other areas in southern and southwestern Brooklyn, there was an increase in the number of Russian, Palestinian, Polish, Jordanians, Lebanese, Syrian, Yemeni, Egyptian and to a lesser extent Chinese, people living in Bay Ridge. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, Middle Eastern, North African, and Arab Americans moved to Bay Ridge, with The New York Times referring to it as "the heart of Brooklyn's Arab community".[81] The neighborhood also has many Muslim residents, particularly in its northern area bordering the Sunset Park neighborhood. Bay Ridge is one of the largest Arab-American communities in the United States,[82] and the largest in New York City.

In addition to the large Irish, Italian, and Arab American communities, there are sizable numbers of Puerto Ricans, Mexicans, and—to a lesser extent—Central Americans and Dominicans in Bay Ridge.

Bay Ridge has many ethnic restaurants, especially along Third and Fifth Avenues, its main commercial strips.[83] [84] Sentiments against residents and workers of Asian descent rose in 2020.[85]

Bay Ridge has a large elderly population. It has been called a naturally occurring retirement community (NORC) as many of its families have grown up in the neighborhood while their children moved away. In 2006, it was reported that 20% of the population of Bay Ridge was 60 years of age or more.[86]

News

Local newspapers include The Home Reporter, Sunset News, The Bay Ridge Courier, and Bay Ridge News. The neighborhood is also often covered by The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. These newspapers publish other local offshoots: The Home Reporter also publishes The Spectator; the Couriers parent company also publishes The Brooklyn Paper; and the Eagle publishes a weekly digest called Bay Ridge Life.

Development

In the 1990s and 2000s, many decades-old two-family houses were demolished and replaced by condominiums known colloquially as "Fedder Homes", after the branded air conditioners poking out from the buildings' facades. In 2005, local community leaders and community activists from across the political spectrum united to issue rezoning laws.[87] The six-story apartment complexes lining Shore Road are among the tallest buildings in the neighborhood.[88]

Landmarks

Points of interest

Fort Hamilton Army Base

Historic Fort Hamilton Army Base is located in the southwestern corner of the New York City borough of Brooklyn, with gates in Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights, and is one of several posts that are part of the region which is headquartered by the Military District of Washington. Its mission is to provide the New York metropolitan area with military installation support for the Army National Guard and the United States Army Reserve. The base is considered to be part of Bay Ridge. The children stationed at the base are zoned into Bay Ridge schools.

Fort Hamilton houses one of the neighborhood's few cultural attractions, the Harbor Defense Museum.[101]

Doctors' Row

Doctors' Row is a series of rowhouses located on Bay Ridge Parkway between 4th and 5th Avenues, built in the 1900s and 1910s prior to the opening of the Fourth Avenue subway line. The 54 houses that comprise Doctors' Row, include elements of the Renaissance Revival architectural style, with some elements in the Colonial Revival style. In 2019 the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission made Doctors' Row an official city-designated historic district, making it the first such district in the neighborhood.[102]

Police and crime

The NYPD's 68th Precinct is located at 333 65th Street.[103] The 68th Precinct ranked 7th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010.[104], with a non-fatal assault rate of 23 per 100,000 people, Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights' rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 168 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole.

The 68th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 88.6% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 2 murders, 16 rapes, 59 robberies, 129 felony assaults, 96 burglaries, 387 grand larcenies, and 86 grand larcenies auto in 2018.[105]

Fire safety

The New York City Fire Department (FDNY) contains two fire stations in Bay Ridge. Engine Co. 241/Ladder Co. 109 is located at 6630 3rd Avenue.[106] Engine Co. 242, serving primarily Fort Hamilton, is located at 9219 5th Avenue.[107]

Health

, preterm births and births to teenage mothers are less common in Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights than in other places citywide. In Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights, there were 71 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 11.4 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide). Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights has a high population of residents who are uninsured, or who receive healthcare through Medicaid.[108] In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 15%, which is higher than the citywide rate of 12%.

The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights is 0.0074mg/m3, lower than the citywide and boroughwide averages. Twelve percent of Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights residents are smokers, which is lower the city average of 14% of residents being smokers. In Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights, 28% of residents are obese, 15% are diabetic, and 31% have high blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively. In addition, 16% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.

Ninety-two percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is slightly higher than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 74% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", lower than the city's average of 78%. For every supermarket in Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights, there are 20 bodegas.

The Bay Ridge/Dyker Heights/Bensonhurst area does not have any hospitals after the Victory Memorial Hospital was closed and converted to a nursing home by Joel Landau in 2010 (now known as the Hamilton Park Nursing and Rehabilitation Center).[109] However, the Coney Island Hospital, NYU Langone Hospital – Brooklyn, and Maimonides Medical Center are located in nearby neighborhoods. Additionally, the BRAVO Volunteer Ambulance is run by the Bay Ridge Ambulance Volunteer Organization.[110]

Post offices and ZIP Codes

Bay Ridge is covered mostly by ZIP Code 11209, though the small portion north of 65th Street is covered by ZIP Code 11220.[111] The United States Post Office operates the Ovington Station at 6803 4th Avenue[112] and the Fort Hamilton Station at 8801 5th Avenue.[113]

Politics

For many years, Bay Ridge has been a relatively conservative enclave of Brooklyn.[114] Mike Long, who served as chairman of the Conservative Party of New York from 1988 to 2019, owned a liquor store and resided in the district. The community is also considered a Republican stronghold. An exception was Democrat Sal Albanese, who was elected to the neighborhood's City Council seat in 1983, defeating the 21-year incumbent Republican-Conservative Minority Leader Angelo G. Arculeo, and went on to represent the district for 15 years. After the 1990 census, the area was split into two Assembly districts to eliminate a Republican Assembly Seat. The political landscape began to change with population shifts over the 1990s and early 2000s, when the multigenerational white ethnic population began to die or move from the area.

The community supported the Democratic Party during many presidential elections.[115] [116] In the 2010s, the neighborhood increasingly supported Democrats, such as City Councilmember Justin Brannan (elected in 2017).[117] [118] and state senator Andrew Gounardes (elected in 2018, defeating longtime Republican Marty Golden).[119]

The neighborhood is part of New York's 11th congressional district, represented by Republican Nicole Malliotakis .[120] It is also part of the 26th State Senate district, represented by Gounardes,[121] and the 46th, 51st and 64th State Assembly districts, represented respectively by Republican Alec Brook-Krasny, Democrat Marcela Mitaynes and Republican Michael Tannousis.[122]

Education

Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights have a ratio of college-educated residents similar to the rest of the city's . Forty-six percent of Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 19% have less than a high school education, and 35% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 40% of Brooklynites and 38% of city residents have a college education or higher. The percentage of Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights students excelling in reading and math has been increasing, with reading achievement rising from 51 percent in 2000 to 52 percent in 2011, and math achievement rising from 49 percent to 71 percent within the same time period.[123]

Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights' rate of elementary school student absenteeism is lower than the rest of New York City's. In Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights, 8% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, compared to the citywide average of 20% of students. Additionally, 82% of high school students in Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights graduate on time, higher than the citywide average of 75% of students.

Primary and secondary schools

The New York City Department of Education operates area public schools. Educational institutions in Bay Ridge include P.S. 102,[124] P.S. 170, P.S. 127, P.S. 185[125] (Walter Kassenbrock Elementary School), P.S. 104[126] (called the Fort Hamilton School), P.S. 264[127] (Bay Ridge Elementary School for the Arts), Lutheran Elementary School, St. Anselm's Roman Catholic School, P.S./I.S. 30[128] (also known as Mary White Ovington), I.S.259 (also known as William McKinley Junior High School) Angels Catholic Academy[129] Bay Ridge Preparatory School,[130] Fort Hamilton High School, High School of Telecommunications (originally all-girls Bay Ridge High School), Poly Prep Country Day School, Visitation Academy, Adelphi Academy, Fontbonne Hall Academy, St. Patrick Elementary School, D., G. Kaloidis Parochial School,[131] and Xaverian High School. Fort Hamilton High School, between 83rd and 85th streets, was erected in the 1940s on the grounds of the Crescent Athletic Club, a country club. The High School of Telecommunications was formerly Bay Ridge High School, which was once an all-girls school.

Libraries

Brooklyn Public Library (BPL) operates two public libraries in the neighborhood. The Bay Ridge Library is the larger of the two, and is located at 7223 Ridge Boulevard at 73rd Street. The Bay Ridge Reading Club first organized the library in 1880. It opened on its present site in 1896 and became a BPL branch in 1901. The current two-story facility opened in 1960. In 2004 it received a $2.1 million renovation, including new furniture and shelving, new lighting equipment, a new roof, and 27 additional public access computers.[132]

The Fort Hamilton Library, located at 9424 Fourth Avenue between 94th and 95th Streets, was built as a Carnegie library in 1906. The current branch's predecessor became a part of the BPL system in 1901 and moved to its current location in 1905. Since then it has gone through numerous renovations. The most recent renovation was completed in March 2011.[133]

Transportation

The area is served by the on the BMT Fourth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway between Bay Ridge Avenue and 95th Street.[134]

Additionally, there are MTA express bus routes which mainly serve for the commute to Manhattan, but also run during off-peak hours on weekdays. The X27 also runs on weekends. The routes also serve the eastern part of Bay Ridge. Many Bay Ridge commuters opt for the relative comfort and convenience of the express bus, even though it costs more than the subway. Bay Ridge is readily accessible by car, encircled by the Belt Parkway and Gowanus Expressway. Local bus routes include .

The freight-only Bay Ridge Branch connects car floats to the Long Island Rail Road.

In June 2017, Bay Ridge became the terminus of NYC Ferry's South Brooklyn route.[135] [136] [137]

Notable people

In popular culture

Books

Films

Television shows

References

Citations

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. Web site: NYC Planning Community Profiles . communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov . New York City Department of City Planning . March 18, 2019 . March 28, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190328152321/https://communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov/brooklyn/10 . live .
  2. https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/tiger-line.html Census Shapefile for 2014 Zip Code Tabulation Areas
  3. https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/17/nyregion/fyi-017876.html "F.Y.I."
  4. http://www.nyc.gov/html/dc/downloads/pdf/brooklyn.pdf Current City Council Districts for Kings County
  5. Web site: Sunset Park South Historic District . June 18, 2019 . . August 6, 2019 . August 6, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190806232549/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2622.pdf . live .
  6. Book: Bolton, Reginald P. . Indian Paths in the Great Metropolis . Creative Media Partners, LLC . 2018 . 978-0-343-11305-6 . 129–146 . August 6, 2019 . July 29, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240729073808/https://books.google.com/books?id=BizXvQEACAAJ . live .
  7. News: Beautiful Bay Ridge Still Show Place of Brooklyn . September 30, 1940 . Brooklyn Daily Eagle . August 6, 2019 . 9 . Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com . July 29, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240729073810/https://bklyn.newspapers.com/article/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle-beautiful-bay-r/34634521/ . live .
  8. Web site: The Rarely Told Story of the Real Bay Ridge Natives . Henry . August 10, 2015 . Hey Ridge . August 6, 2019 . August 6, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190806232548/https://www.heyridge.com/2015/08/the-rarely-told-story-of-the-real-bay-ridge-natives/ . live .
  9. Web site: Bay Ridge Parkway – Doctors' Row Historic District . June 25, 2019 . . July 28, 2019 . August 6, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190806022309/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2631.pdf . live .
  10. Web site: Whatever happened to Yellow Hook, Brooklyn? . Ephemeral New York . July 16, 2010 . December 1, 2014 . August 12, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140812080851/http://ephemeralnewyork.wordpress.com/2010/07/16/before-it-was-called-bay-ridge/ . live .
  11. News: Hughes . C. J. . March 6, 2020 . The Neighborhood Name Game . en-US . The New York Times . August 21, 2020 . 0362-4331 . August 30, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200830185425/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/06/realestate/the-neighborhood-name-game.html . live .
  12. Web site: Howard E. and Jessie Jones House . March 8, 1988 . . July 28, 2019 . August 6, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190806022309/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1623.pdf . live .
  13. News: The First Gentrifiers . Henry . Stewart . BKLYNR . November 6, 2014 . December 1, 2014 . November 20, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141120201107/http://bklynr.com/the-first-gentrifiers/ . live .
  14. News: Generally Speaking: Happy Birthday, Bay Ridge! . Theodore W. General . December 12, 2016 . Brooklyn Reporter . December 13, 2016 . December 20, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161220132209/http://brooklynreporter.com/story/generally-speaking-happy-birthday-bay-ridge/ . live .
  15. News: Failure to Create Park Along Shore Road Laid To Apathy of Residents . the Brooklyn Daily Eagle . July 27, 2015 . September 2, 1931 . October 27, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161027055153/http://www.newspapers.com/image/59970848/ . live .
  16. Web site: Owl's Head Park – Historical Sign . September 6, 2007 . September 29, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070929102816/http://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_your_park/historical_signs/hs_historical_sign.php?id=151 . live .
  17. News: If You're Thinking of Living In Red Hook; Isolated Brooklyn Area Starts to Awaken . Donovan . Aaron . June 10, 2001 . . August 27, 2010 . July 29, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240729073814/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/10/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-of-living-in-red-hook-isolated-brooklyn-area-starts-to-awaken.html . live .
  18. News: If You're Thinking of Living In Bay Ridge . Fowler . Brenda . July 26, 1987 . . August 27, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100824070855/http://www.nytimes.com/1987/07/26/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-of-living-in-bay-ridge.html . August 24, 2010 . live .
  19. Web site: Bennet-Farrell-Feldman House . August 3, 1999 . . July 28, 2019 . July 29, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240729070632/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1966.pdf . live .
  20. Web site: When Bay Ridge Was a Vacation Destination to Rival Coney Island . Hey Ridge . August 2, 2016 . July 11, 2017 . February 5, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170205185115/http://www.heyridge.com/2016/08/when-bay-ridge-was-a-vacation-destination-to-rival-coney-island/ . live .
  21. Book: Merlis, Brian . Brooklyn's Bay Ridge and Fort Hamilton : a photographic journey, 1870-1970 . Israelowitz Pub. Brooklyn Editions . 2000 . 978-1-878741-45-5 . Brooklyn, NY Lynbrook, NY . 45112683 .
  22. News: . March 31, 1895 . Brooklyn City's Beautiful Suburbs . . March 4, 2023 . 20–21 .
  23. Web site: Bay Ridge's Parks Were Once Envisioned as a Single Super Park . Henry . June 22, 2015 . Hey Ridge . August 6, 2019 . August 6, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190806022307/https://www.heyridge.com/2015/06/the-forgotten-history-of-the-bay-ridge-parkway/ . live .
  24. News: Future of South Brooklyn And Its Suburbs . March 18, 1906 . The Brooklyn Daily Eagle . May 5, 2017 . 35–36 . en . August 7, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170807073023/http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/53154484/ . live .
  25. News: Marked Activity Continues in Local Real Estate Market . December 14, 1901 . Brooklyn Daily Eagle . August 6, 2019 . 17 . Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com . July 29, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240729073820/https://bklyn.newspapers.com/article/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle-marked-activity/34616461/ . live .
  26. News: Parsons' Great Transit Plan for Brooklyn; New Tunnels, Subways and Elevated Lines . March 12, 1903 . Brooklyn Daily Eagle . August 6, 2019 . 1 . Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com . July 29, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240729073811/https://bklyn.newspapers.com/article/the-brooklyn-daily-eagle-parsons-great/34616306/ . live .
  27. News: Building of Fourth Ave. Subway Crowns Decade of Civic Struggle . June 21, 1911 . The Brooklyn Daily Eagle . May 4, 2017 . 10 . en . August 6, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170806222457/https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/53895638/?terms=Fourth+Avenue+Subway . live .
  28. News: Realty Market Steady Despite Campaign . October 28, 1905 . Brooklyn Daily Eagle . August 6, 2019 . 12 . Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com .
  29. Book: Fourth Avenue Subway, Brooklyn's New Transportation Line: A Part of the Dual System of Rapid Transit of the City of New York . June 19, 1915 . Public Service Commission . en . October 15, 2020 . September 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230918090216/https://books.google.com/books?id=XoxBAQAAMAAJ&q=4th+Avenue+line&pg=PA18 . live .
  30. News: Fourth Avenue Subway Is Sent To A Committee . March 20, 1908 . The Brooklyn Daily Eagle . May 4, 2017 . 1–2 . en . August 7, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170807021017/http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/53875480/ . live .
  31. News: New York Division ERA Bulletin May 1961 . Rogoff . David . May 1961 . Google Docs . May 8, 2017 . August 6, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190806175227/https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BzKvSWhrQBW4d3pvOGZaSERiZEhpQ24xT19DTktkQUVlLW5j/view . live .
  32. News: Fourth Avenue Subway To Be Political Issue . December 11, 1908 . The Brooklyn Daily Eagle . May 4, 2017 . 1 . en . May 7, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180507222340/https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/53922207/ . live .
  33. Web site: Crappy 100th Birthday, R Train! Love, Bay Ridge . January 14, 2016 . www.heyridge.com . May 4, 2017 . May 27, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170527224818/https://www.heyridge.com/2016/01/crappy-100th-birthday-bay-ridge-subway/ . live .
  34. Web site: Fourth Ave. Subway Dirt Begins to Fly . November 14, 1909 . . June 28, 2015 . August 10, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210810055920/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1909/11/14/101031065.pdf . live .
  35. News: Queensboro Tunnel Officially Opened . June 23, 1915 . . March 4, 2023 . . 22 . July 19, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210719094623/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1915/06/23/100163384.pdf . live .
  36. News: Subway Running To Eighty–Sixth Street Starts Building Boom In Bay Ridge . January 15, 1916 . Brooklyn Daily Eagle . November 5, 2016 . Newspapers.com . November 6, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161106122758/http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/55570240/?terms=fourth+avenue+line+opening . live .
  37. News: Brooklyn's Rapid Growth Attracts Many Buyers . . May 8, 1904 . March 6, 2023 . 18 . .
  38. News: Gallagher . Frank . South Brooklyn is Port of Future . . May 3, 1908 . March 6, 2023 . B3 . Frank Gallagher (Brooklyn) .
  39. Book: Scarpa, Matthew . Old Bay Ridge & Ovington Village : a history . The History Press . 2015 . 978-1-62619-681-0 . Charleston, SC . 898088560 .
  40. Book: Hoffman, Jerome . The Bay Ridge Chronicles . 1976 .
  41. Web site: 95th St. Subway Extension Opened At 2 P. M. Today . October 31, 1925 . . June 29, 2015 . . August 11, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170811144044/https://www.newspapers.com/image/59905307/?terms=95th+street+subway . live .
  42. News: Open Subway Line to Fort Hamilton . November 1, 1925 . . March 6, 2023 . 0362-4331 . . 19 .
  43. Book: Bernard, Leonardo and Jennifer Weiss . Brooklyn by Name . NYU Press . 2006 . New York . 145 .
  44. Web site: To Tunnel The Narrows And Thus Improve New York's Commercial Facilities: Mr. Erastus Wiman's Latest Plan Upon Which He and Others Have Long Been Mediating . August 5, 1890 . . July 27, 2015 . August 10, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210810055453/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1890/08/05/103255981.pdf . live .
  45. Web site: DC: A Tunnel from SI to Brooklyn? . Daniel Convissor . December 16, 2010 . August 30, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180830064408/http://www.panix.com/~danielc/nyc/sibktunl.htm . live .
  46. Web site: Staten Island Waits for Narrows Tunnel . Young . James C. . May 10, 1925 . . June 27, 2015 . July 29, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240729071139/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1925/05/10/101664678.pdf . live .
  47. Web site: Staten Island Tube Started by Hylan . April 15, 1923 . . June 27, 2015 . July 29, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240729071135/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1923/04/15/105909915.pdf . live .
  48. Book: Rastorfer, Darl . https://books.google.com/books?id=A51VbeqTwogC&pg=PT177 . Six Bridges: The Legacy of Othmar H. Ammann . Yale University Press . 2000 . 978-0-300-08047-6 . Chapter 7: The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge . September 18, 2018 . April 7, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240407181933/https://books.google.com/books?id=A51VbeqTwogC&pg=PT177#v=onepage&q&f=false . live .
  49. News: ASKS SUBURBAN AID IN REGIONAL PLAN; Committee Urges Cooperation in Furthering Important Public Improvements. WANT COUNTIES TO HELP Transit, Bridges, Skyscrapers and Financing Among the Subjects Discussed. . June 7, 1927 . The New York Times . March 14, 2018 . en-US . 0362-4331 . March 15, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180315005252/https://www.nytimes.com/1927/06/07/archives/asks-suburban-aid-in-regional-plan-committee-urges-cooperation-in.html . live .
  50. News: SAYS BRIDGES BOOM REALTY IN RICHMOND; Many Industrial Firms Are Seeking Staten Island Sites, Says Real Estate Operator.NEW SPANS HELP VALUESGreat Commercial Centre in FiveYears Is Predicted--HoldingsSought Near Plaza Site. . January 1, 1928 . The New York Times . March 13, 2018 . en-US . 0362-4331 . March 14, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180314043424/https://www.nytimes.com/1928/01/01/archives/says-bridges-boom-realty-in-richmond-many-industrial-firms-are.html . live .
  51. News: Tube Projects to be Scanned by Chamber of Commerce Body . November 27, 1931 . Brooklyn Daily Eagle . March 14, 2018 . 41 . Brooklyn Public Library. March 14, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180314174250/http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/57301690/ . live .
  52. News: Private Group Studying Plans for Vehicular and Transit Narrows Tunnel . May 11, 1934 . Brooklyn Daily Eagle . March 14, 2018 . 41 . Brooklyn Public Library. March 14, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180314104517/https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/59867305/ . live .
  53. News: MAYOR WILL URGE NARROWS BRIDGE; Estimate Board Authorizes Reopening of the Project With War Department. . April 18, 1936 . The New York Times . March 13, 2018 . en-US . 0362-4331 . March 14, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180314043535/https://www.nytimes.com/1936/04/18/archives/mayor-will-urge-narrows-bridge-estimate-board-authorizes-reopening.html . live .
  54. News: Bay Ridge Aroused by Narrows Tube O.K. . March 22, 1943 . Brooklyn Daily Eagle . March 14, 2018 . 1, 2 . Brooklyn Public Library. March 15, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180315003804/https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/52819064/ . live .
  55. News: CITY PLANS TO BUILD SPAN AT NARROWS; Moses Says He Expects Early Approval of Bridge Project by War Department CITY PLANS TO BUILD SPAN AT NARROWS . Pierce . Bert . September 24, 1947 . The New York Times . March 14, 2018 . en-US . 0362-4331 . March 15, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180315005344/https://www.nytimes.com/1947/09/24/archives/city-plans-to-build-span-at-narrows-moses-says-he-expects-early.html . live .
  56. News: REALTY FRAUD SEEN IN NARROWS BRIDGE; O'Toole Says Proposed Span Would Lead to City's 'Greatest Swindle in History' . 1949 . The New York Times . March 14, 2018 . en-US . 0362-4331 . March 14, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180314013417/https://www.nytimes.com/1949/01/13/archives/realty-fraud-seen-in-narrows-bridge-otoole-says-proposed-span-would.html . live .
  57. News: O'Toole Urges U.S. Ban Bridge over Narrows . July 19, 1948 . Brooklyn Daily Eagle . March 14, 2018 . 1, 3 . Brooklyn Public Library. March 15, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180315070441/https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/52895480/ . live .
  58. News: Army Approves Narrows Bridge, World's Longest Suspension Span; ARMY BACKS SPAN OVER THE NARROWS . May 25, 1949 . The New York Times . March 14, 2018 . en-US . 0362-4331 . March 15, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180315005411/https://www.nytimes.com/1949/05/25/archives/army-approves-narrows-bridge-worlds-longest-suspension-span-army.html . live .
  59. News: Bay Ridgeites Battle Army Okay on Span . May 25, 1949 . Brooklyn Daily Eagle . March 14, 2018 . 1, 2 . Brooklyn Public Library. March 15, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180315003755/https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/59526452/ . live .
  60. News: SPAN APPROACHES APPROVED BY CITY; Narrows and Throgs Neck Routes Are Advanced by Planning Commission MOSES' PLAN REBUFFED Fourth Ave. Curve Is Deleted in Brooklyn--Alternate Ideas to Be Studied Argue Against Curve Final Action Taken . Bennett . Charles G. . June 20, 1957 . The New York Times . March 14, 2018 . en-US . 0362-4331 . October 3, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181003014313/https://www.nytimes.com/1957/06/20/archives/span-approaches-approved-by-city-narrows-and-throgs-neck-routes-are.html . live .
  61. News: CITY BARS CHANGE IN NARROWS PLAN; Rejects Liberty Bridge or Tunnel as Substitutes -No Action on Approach CITY BARS CHANGE IN NARROWS PLAN . October 21, 1958 . The New York Times . March 14, 2018 . en-US . 0362-4331 . March 15, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180315141136/https://www.nytimes.com/1958/10/21/archives/city-bars-change-in-narrows-plan-rejects-liberty-bridge-or-tunnel.html . live .
  62. News: BAY RIDGE SEETHES OVER BRIDGE PLAN; Housewife and Dentist Chafe Over Approval by City of Staten Island Span 7,500 TO BE UPROOTED Most in Way of 7th Avenue Approach Uncertain on Where They Will Go . Talese . Gay . January 1, 1959 . The New York Times . March 14, 2018 . en-US . 0362-4331 . March 15, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180315135037/https://www.nytimes.com/1959/01/01/archives/bay-ridge-seethes-over-bridge-plan-housewife-and-dentist-chafe-over.html . live .
  63. Web site: The definitive history of the building of the bridge is Gay Talese's The Bridge . February 27, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181718/http://www.gothamgazette.com/books/bridge.php . September 30, 2007 . dead .
  64. News: Fort Hamilton Facelift Is Free To Taxpayer, As TBTA Pays Bill . Chatfield . James . April 1, 1960 . New York World-Telegram . March 14, 2018 . 1 . . July 29, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240729073948/http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252024%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520The%2520World%2520Telegram%2520and%2520Sun%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520The%2520World%2520Telegram%2520and%2520Sun%25201963%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520The%2520World%2520Telegram%2520and%2520Sun%25201963%2520-%25200579.pdf . live .
  65. News: Verrazano Bridge Opened to Traffic . Talese . Gay . November 22, 1964 . The New York Times . March 16, 2018 . en-US . 0362-4331 . March 16, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180316084953/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/11/22/verrazano-bridge-opened-to-traffic.html . live .
  66. Web site: Photos and a story of the aftermath of the Bay Ridge tornado . October 2, 2007 . October 17, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071017140735/http://brooklynrowhouse.com/node/89 . live .
  67. Web site: Bay Ridge Tornado: Fourth Avenue Presbyterian Church . The Phantom . August 17, 2007 . August 21, 2010 . July 25, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110725063606/http://bayridgebrooklyn.blogspot.com/2007/08/bay-ridge-tornado-fourth-avenue.html . live .
  68. News: That Wind That Left Part of Brooklyn Upside Down? It Was a Tornado, All Right . Andy . Newman . . August 9, 2007 . August 27, 2010 . November 8, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141108010506/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/09/nyregion/09wind.html . live .
  69. http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/data-maps/nyc-population/census2010/t_pl_p5_nta.pdf Table PL-P5 NTA: Total Population and Persons Per Acre - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010
  70. Web site: Race and Ethnicity in Bay Ridge, New York, New York (Neighborhood) . statisticalatlas.com . May 20, 2024 . May 20, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240520142343/https://statisticalatlas.com/neighborhood/New-York/New-York/Bay-Ridge/Race-and-Ethnicity#figure/race-and-ethnicity . live .
  71. Web site: Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights (Including Bay Ridge, Dyker Heights and Fort Hamilton) . 2018 . nyc.gov . NYC Health . March 2, 2019 . March 6, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044609/https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/data/2018chp-bk10.pdf . live .
  72. Web site: 2016-2018 Community Health Assessment and Community Health Improvement Plan: Take Care New York 2020 . 2016 . . . September 8, 2017 . September 9, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170909004755/https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/tcny/community-health-assessment-plan.pdf . live .
  73. Web site: New Yorkers are living longer, happier and healthier lives . New York Post . June 4, 2017 . March 1, 2019 . March 2, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190302024959/https://nypost.com/2017/06/04/new-yorkers-are-living-longer-happier-and-healthier-lives/ . live .
  74. Web site: Bay Ridge Demographics . www.point2homes.com . July 18, 2023 . July 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230718002100/https://www.point2homes.com/US/Neighborhood/NY/Brooklyn/Bay-Ridge-Demographics.html . live .
  75. Web site: Key Population & Housing Characteristics; 2020 Census Results for New York City . . August 2021 . November 7, 2021 . 21, 25, 29, 33 . September 25, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210925151633/https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/planning-level/nyc-population/census2020/dcp_2020-census-briefing-booklet-1.pdf . live .
  76. Web site: Map: Race and ethnicity across the US . CNN . August 14, 2021 . November 7, 2021 . October 4, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211004102038/https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2021/us/census-race-ethnicity-map/ . live .
  77. Web site: Norwegians of Bay Ridge, a Proud and Tight-Knit Community . The New York Times . May 16, 1971 . August 8, 2019 . August 8, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190808110125/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/05/16/archives/norwegians-of-bay-ridge-a-proud-and-tightknit-community.html . live .
  78. Web site: Leif Ericson Park & Square (New York City Department of Parks & Recreation) . October 21, 2009 . September 15, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100915132140/http://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/B052/pressrelease/20815 . live .
  79. Web site: 17th of May Parade (Norwegian-American 17th May Committee of Greater New York) . October 21, 2009 . September 21, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090921135240/http://www.may17paradeny.com/ . live .
  80. Web site: Bay Ridge's Nordic Delicacies Set to Close . Brooklyn Paper . January 8, 2015 . Jaeger . Max . July 11, 2017 . June 17, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170617162220/http://www.brooklynpaper.com/stories/38/2/br-nordic-delacacies-closing-2015-01-09-bk_38_2.html . live .
  81. News: Otterman . Sharon . July 28, 2012 . Times of Celebration, Before and After a Daily Fast . en-US . The New York Times . July 12, 2021 . 0362-4331 . July 12, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210712153514/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/28/nyregion/celebrating-ramadan-in-new-york-between-fasts.html . live .
  82. Web site: A New Resistance in Brooklyn's 'Little Palestine' . October 6, 2017 . July 18, 2023 . July 29, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240729073944/https://aaww.org/a-new-resistance-in-brooklyns-little-palestine/ . live .
  83. Web site: Hart Staying Alive in Brooklyn . UPI . March 28, 1984 . Carol . Vecchione . July 11, 2017 . August 11, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180811064202/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/03/28/Hart-staying-alive-in-Brooklyn/6780449298000/ . live .
  84. Web site: Geology of National Parks . Dave . Frank . 3dparks.wr.usgs.gov . July 11, 2017 . December 19, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161219131446/https://3dparks.wr.usgs.gov/nyc/parks/loc61.htm . live .
  85. News: Crime: Southern Brooklyn Electeds Condemn Attacks on Asian-Americans . August 10, 2020 . Vasquez . Chiara . Kings County Politics .
  86. News: Counting Graying Heads . Jake . Mooney . . January 1, 2006 . 6 . August 27, 2010 .
  87. Web site: NYC Zoning - Zoning Districts . nyc.gov . December 1, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141207051729/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/zone/zh_special_purp_bk.shtml . December 7, 2014 . dead .
  88. News: Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, a 'Small Town' in a Big City . Kripke . Pamela Gwyn . April 6, 2016 . The New York Times . 0362-4331 . April 7, 2016 .
  89. News: Before Ferry Service Returns to Bay Ridge, a Look Back at the Neighborhood's Ferry History . Hey Ridge . August 17, 2015 . August 19, 2015 . August 22, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150822002145/http://www.heyridge.com/2015/08/before-ferry-service-returns-to-bay-ridge-a-look-back-at-the-neighborhoods-ferry-history/ . live .
  90. Web site: Ferry Service Returns to Bay Ridge! . Hey Ridge . June 1, 2017 . July 11, 2017 . April 20, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180420175730/https://www.heyridge.com/2017/06/ferry-service-returns-to-bay-ridge-photos/ . live .
  91. News: BENNET/FARRELL/FELDMANN HOUSE Historic Districts Council's Six to Celebrate . May 31, 2022 . Historic Districts Council's Six to Celebrate - . August 12, 2013 . July 29, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240729073954/https://6tocelebrate.org/site/bennetfarrellfeldmann-house/ . live .
  92. News: An extensive history of the Farrell House . The New York Times . August 17, 1997 . Gray . Christopher .
  93. Web site: The Forgotten History of the Owl's Head . January 22, 2015 . Bklynr . Henry . Stewart . January 22, 2015 . January 25, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150125071407/http://bklynr.com/the-forgotten-history-of-the-owls-head/ . live .
  94. Web site: Owl's Head Park . NYC Parks Department . February 11, 2015 . February 12, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150212013004/http://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/owls-head-park . live .
  95. Web site: Project of the Month September 2001; Millennium Skate Park Owl's Head Park . August 21, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110622090624/http://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_about/parks_divisions/capital/pd_proj_month_sept_01.html . June 22, 2011 . dead .
  96. Web site: Shore Road Park=NYRR . August 23, 2023 . Staff . NYRR . August 23, 2023 .
  97. Web site: Steps . February 26, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070303082018/http://www.forgotten-ny.com/STREET%20SCENES/STEP%20STREETS/steps.html . March 3, 2007 . dead .
  98. Web site: Saint John's Episcopal Church . saintjohns1834.org . November 24, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141120162540/http://www.saintjohns1834.org/Saint_Johns/Welcome.html . November 20, 2014 . dead .
  99. Book: Johnson . Clint . In the Footsteps of Stonewall Jackson . February 2002 . John F Blair Pub . 0895872447 . 205–211 . Later Printing . registration .
  100. Web site: All the History That Will Be Lost if St. John's is Sold . Hey Ridge . November 23, 2015 . July 11, 2017 . May 28, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170528094641/https://www.heyridge.com/2015/11/all-the-history-that-will-be-lost-if-st-johns-is-sold/ . live .
  101. Web site: Harbor Defense Museum of Fort Hamilton . February 27, 2007 . July 9, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110709183839/http://www.harbordefensemuseum.com/ . live .
  102. Web site: Bay Ridge's 'Doctors' Row' becomes neighborhood's first historic district . Spivack . Caroline . June 25, 2019 . Curbed NY . August 6, 2019 . July 29, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240729074121/https://ny.curbed.com/2019/6/25/18744530/nyc-doctors-row-becomes-bay-ridge-first-historic-district . live .
  103. Web site: NYPD – 68th Precinct . www.nyc.gov . October 3, 2016 . June 5, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170605100632/http://www1.nyc.gov/site/nypd/bureaus/patrol/precincts/68th-precinct.page . live .
  104. Web site: Bay Ridge – DNAinfo.com Crime and Safety Report . www.dnainfo.com . October 6, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190302152555/https://www.dnainfo.com/crime-safety-report/brooklyn/bay-ridge/ . March 2, 2019 . dead .
  105. Web site: 68th Precinct CompStat Report . July 22, 2018 . April 13, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180413191738/http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/nypd/downloads/pdf/crime_statistics/cs-en-us-068pct.pdf . live .
  106. Web site: FDNYtrucks.com . Engine Company 241/Ladder Company 109 . March 2, 2019 . January 27, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190127014141/http://fdnytrucks.com/files/html/brooklyn/e241.htm . live .
  107. Web site: FDNYtrucks.com . Engine Company 242 . March 2, 2019 . October 25, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181025015651/http://www.fdnytrucks.com/files/html/brooklyn/e242.htm . live .
  108. http://www.health.ny.gov/health_care/medicaid/redesign/dsrip/pps_applications/docs/maimonides_medical_center/3.8_maimonides_cna.pdf New York City Health Provider Partnership Brooklyn Community Needs Assessment: Final Report
  109. Web site: McGoldrick . Meaghan . Possible partnership between Northwell and Maimonides in the works for Bay Ridge . Brooklyn Reporter . December 30, 2016 . August 7, 2019 . August 25, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180825114954/https://brooklynreporter.com/story/possible-partnership-between-northwell-and-maimonides-in-the-works-for-bay-ridge/ . live .
  110. Web site: Bravo Volunteer Ambulance | Brooklyn Bayridge New York . Bravoambulance.org . March 18, 2014 . June 12, 2014 . March 9, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140309122340/http://www.bravoambulance.org/ . live .
  111. Web site: Bay Ridge, New York City-Brooklyn, New York Zip Code Boundary Map (NY) . United States Zip Code Boundary Map (USA) . March 6, 2019 . August 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220829025324/https://www.zipmap.net/New_York/Kings_County/Z_Bay_Ridge.htm . dead .
  112. Web site: USPS Locations: Ovington . June 20, 2018 . March 6, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190306111629/https://tools.usps.com/go/POLocatorDetailsAction!input.action?locationTypeQ=po&address=11226&radius=20&locationType=po&locationID=1376478&locationName=OVINGTON&address2=&address1=6803+4TH+AVE+STE+1 . live .
  113. Web site: USPS Locations: Fort Hamilton . June 20, 2018 . March 6, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190306111713/https://tools.usps.com/go/POLocatorDetailsAction!input.action?locationTypeQ=po&address=11226&radius=20&locationType=po&locationID=1363780&locationName=FORT%20HAMILTON&address2=&address1=8801%205TH%20AVE . live .
  114. News: Bill de Blasio Rarely Visits Republican Strongholds in Brooklyn - Observer . Ross Barkan . August 19, 2014 . Observer . May 20, 2017 .
  115. News: The City Vote, Precinct by Precinct . November 20, 2018 . en . November 24, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181124003722/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/11/24/nyregion/the-city-vote-precinct-by-precinct.html?ref=nyregion . live .
  116. News: Did your NYC neighborhood vote for Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton? . Curbed NY . November 20, 2018 . November 24, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181124003656/https://ny.curbed.com/2016/11/9/13579028/election-2016-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-nyc-voters . live .
  117. Web site: Justin time: Ridge voters elect Democrat in tight Council race • Brooklyn Daily . November 10, 2017 . Brooklyn Daily . August 7, 2018 . August 7, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180807190200/https://www.brooklyndaily.com/stories/2017/45/br-ridge-council-race-brannan-2017-11-10-bk.html . dead .
  118. News: This punk-rocking councilman is energizing Brooklyn Dems . November 19, 2018 . New York Post . November 20, 2018 . en-US . July 29, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240729074125/https://nypost.com/2018/11/18/this-punk-rocking-councilman-is-energizing-brooklyn-dems/ . live .
  119. Web site: Katinas . Paula . Behind the Numbers: How Gounardes Won State Senate Race . The Brooklyn Home Reporter . November 20, 2018 . December 6, 2019 . December 6, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191206142938/https://brooklynreporter.com/2018/11/behind-the-numbers-how-gounardes-won-state-senate-race/ . live .
  120. Web site: U.S. House Election Results 2018 . The New York Times . January 28, 2019 . February 21, 2019 . January 19, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210119182007/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/11/06/us/elections/results-house-elections.html . live .
  121. Web site: 2022 Senate District Maps: New York City . The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment . 2022 . December 7, 2023 . December 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231207212631/https://www.latfor.state.ny.us/maps/?sec=2022_senate . live .
  122. Web site: 2024 Assembly District Maps: New York City . The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment . 2024 . December 7, 2023 . July 29, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240729074128/https://www.latfor.state.ny.us/maps/?sec=2024_assembly . live .
  123. Web site: Bay Ridge and Dyker Heights – BK 10 . 2011 . . October 5, 2016 . September 18, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130918061803/http://furmancenter.org/files/sotc/BK_04_11.pdf . live .
  124. Web site: Welcome to the Bay View School . January 12, 2015 . nyc.gov . September 24, 2007 . December 23, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071223204928/http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/20/K102/default.htm?searchType=school . live .
  125. Web site: Welcome . January 13, 2015 . nyc.gov .
  126. Web site: The Magnet School of Museum Studies . January 12, 2015 . nyc.gov . September 24, 2007 . December 23, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071223171645/http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/20/K104/default.htm?searchType=school . live .
  127. Web site: Bay Ridge Elementary School for the Arts . February 22, 2019 . nyc.gov . February 23, 2019 . February 23, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190223131751/https://www.schools.nyc.gov/schools/K264 . live .
  128. Web site: Welcome . April 28, 2015 . nyc.gov . September 24, 2007 . December 23, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071223204921/http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/20/K030/default.htm?searchType=school . live .
  129. Web site: Home . holyangelsbayridge.org . October 27, 2009 . January 9, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100109131021/http://www.holyangelsbayridge.org/ . live .
  130. Web site: Bay Ridge Prep - An Independent K-12 College Preparatory School - Brooklyn, New York . bayridgeprep.org . July 14, 2007 . September 29, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070929213221/http://www.bayridgeprep.org/ . live .
  131. Web site: DIMITRIOS & GEORGIA KALOIDIS PAROCHIAL SCHOOL . dgkschool.com .
  132. Web site: Bay Ridge Library . Brooklyn Public Library . October 27, 2010 . February 21, 2019 . April 3, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190403001225/https://www.bklynlibrary.org/locations/bay-ridge . live .
  133. Web site: Fort Hamilton Library . Brooklyn Public Library . August 19, 2011 . February 21, 2019 . July 29, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240729074254/https://www.bklynlibrary.org/locations/fort-hamilton . live .
  134. Web site: Subway Map . web.mta.info . November 24, 2014 . June 11, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140611031553/http://web.mta.info/nyct/maps/subwaymap.pdf . live .
  135. Web site: Routes and Schedules: South Brooklyn . NYC Ferry . July 13, 2017 . June 27, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170627214932/https://www.ferry.nyc/routes-and-schedules/route/south-brooklyn/ . live .
  136. Web site: Citywide Ferry Service to Launch in June 2017, Official Says . March 3, 2016 . DNAinfo New York . September 22, 2016 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160923101354/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20160303/astoria/citywide-ferry-service-launch-june-2017-official-says . September 23, 2016 .
  137. News: New York City's Ferry Service Set to Launch in 2017 . NBC New York . May 9, 2016 . May 10, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160510015020/http://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/New-York-City-Citywide-Ferry-Service-Hornblower-2017-372257472.html . live .
  138. Hernandez, Javier C. "Democratic Candidates Recall Their Humbler Abodes", The New York Times, April 19, 2013. Accessed July 2, 2019. "Sal F. Albanese, 63, a former city councilman from Brooklyn, seized the opportunity. While he now lives in a $1 million home in Bay Ridge, he said he had once lived in Park Slope — in 1969, 'when it was a working-class neighborhood,' he said — for $60 a month."
  139. News: Questions Grow About a Top CNBC Anchor . Landon Jr. . Thomas . . February 12, 2007 . October 13, 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131012144747/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/12/business/media/12bartiromo.html . October 12, 2013 . live .
  140. Awerin, Mike. "Bob Berg: Rebel With A Cause", Son of Miles, May 7, 1998. Accessed July 2, 2019. "For example, he was married and he and his wife and two children lived in a house with a backyard in the same Bay Ridge section of Brooklyn where he grew up."
  141. Murphy, Tim. "The Evolution of a Jewelry Prince", The New York Times, February 21, 2012. Accessed January 3, 2021. "To hear Mr. Bittar tell it, he went through it. He was born and raised in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, to a Syrian-Christian father and an Irish-Catholic mother, computer-science professors who traded antiques and designed dresses to supplement their income."
  142. Staff. "Full transcript: Podcaster, entrepreneur and angel investor Jason Calacanis on Recode Media; 'I happen to have the brain chemistry, I believe, that is exactly designed for gambling.'", Recode, April 12, 2017. Accessed July 2, 2019. "[Q] You grew up in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn. [A] Correct."
  143. News: "Hamilton Biographer Ron Chernow Finds New York's 'Quietest' Home," Wall Street Journal, August 23, 2016 ("I was born in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, in a hospital that overlooked the spot in 1776 where the British crossed from Staten Island before facing Washington in the Battle of Brooklyn.") . Wall Street Journal . August 23, 2016 . February 13, 2022 . January 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220130001820/https://www.wsj.com/articles/hamilton-biographer-ron-chernow-finds-new-yorks-quietest-home-1471963341 . live .
  144. News: Chuck Connors, Actor, 71, Dies; Starred as Television's 'Rifleman' . Bruce . Lambert . . November 11, 1992 . October 9, 2007 . July 29, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240729074249/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/11/arts/chuck-connors-actor-71-dies-starred-as-television-s-rifleman.html . live .
  145. Web site: Calvert DeForest, A.K.A. Larry 'Bud' Melman 1921-2007 . July 5, 2019 . July 5, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190705073153/https://people.com/archive/calvert-deforest-a-k-a-larry-bud-melman-1921-2007-vol-67-no-14/ . live .
  146. News: Bay Ridge-born Jimmy Fallon Takes Over Tonight Show . Paula . Katinas . Brooklyn Daily Eagle . February 18, 2014 . August 19, 2015 . March 4, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051601/http://www.brooklyneagle.com/articles/2014/2/18/bay-ridge-born-jimmy-fallon-takes-over-%E2%80%98-tonight-show%E2%80%99 . live .
  147. Bennett, Bruce. "Channeling Bay Ridge Past; Brooklyn Director Sets a Coming-of-Age Film in the Neighborhood of His Youth", The Wall Street Journal, March 12, 2011. Accessed July 2, 2019. "According to the Brooklyn-born writer and director John Gray, setting his film White Irish Drinkers in the mid-'70s Bay Ridge of his youth and shooting it in the same neighborhood 35 years later offered one immediate practical hurdle."
  148. News: Did a Cult Writer Grow Up in Bay Ridge and Then Lie About It? . Henry . Stewart . Hey Ridge . July 6, 2015 . July 11, 2017 . July 29, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240729074247/https://www.heyridge.com/2015/07/did-a-cult-writer-grow-up-in-bay-ridge-and-then-lie-about-it/ . live .
  149. [Samuel G. Freedman|Freedman, Samuel G.]
  150. News: The Fort Hamilton Streets Named for American Traitors . Hey Ridge . June 26, 2015 . August 19, 2015 . August 1, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150801143425/http://www.heyridge.com/2015/06/the-fort-hamilton-streets-named-for-american-traitors/ . live .
  151. News: Willard F. Jones, 77, Gulf Oil Executive . The New York Times . August 20, 1967 . subscription . November 15, 2018 . July 11, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180711093939/https://www.nytimes.com/1967/08/20/archives/willard-f-jones-77-gulf-oil-executive.html . live .
  152. News: Juvenile Screen Crown Reached for by Boy Star Formerly of Bay Ridge . Brooklyn Daily Eagle . June 15, 1932 . October 26, 2016 . December 20, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161220205956/https://www.newspapers.com/image/58002237/ . live .
  153. http://www1.dailynewspix.com/sales/searchResults.php?searchDisplay=S&searchAction=simpleSearch&searchVal=Walter+Kelleher&Submit.x=33&Submit.y=3 Daily News Archive of Walter Kelleher Pictures
  154. Cail, Howard L. "Here’s A Goldwyn Quintet In Guys And Dolls", Evening Express, September 15, 1955. Accessed March 19, 2023, via Newspapers.com. "June.... A native of Bay Ridge, N.Y., she grew up in Jersey City. Following high school Miss Kirbv went back over the Hudson River to train as a model and study dramatics"
  155. Haglund, David. "How accurate is Wolf of Wall Street?", Concord Monitor, January 2, 2014. Accessed August 22, 2023, via Newspapers.com. "Belfort divorced Denise Lombardo, called Teresa in the movie, after meeting Nadine Caridi at a Stratton Oakmont party.... In both the book and the movie Belfort calls her the Duchess of Bay Ridge (or just the Duchess for short) because she was born in England but grew up in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn."
  156. News: Allyn Ann McLerie, Actress in "Where's Charley?" and "They Shoot Horses, Don't They?" Dies at 91 . . May 28, 2018 . November 19, 2018 . April 12, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210412142700/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/allyn-ann-mclerie-dead-wheres-charley-they-shoot-horses-dont-they-actress-dies-at-91-1115247 . live .
  157. Jaworski, Ken. "Cooking for Her Men, and Serving the Audience", The New York Times, March 21, 2014. Accessed July 2, 2019. "This good-natured one-woman show at the George Street Playhouse in New Brunswick is based on Giulia Melucci's memoir of the same name.... From her early life in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, through her eventual jobs in publishing in Manhattan, Giulia has a knack for becoming tangled in problematic relationships."
  158. Cohen, Joyce. "A Bachelor Pad for a Brooklyn Comedian", The New York Times, January 7, 2016. Accessed July 2, 2019. "Yannis Pappas found a one-bedroom in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn."
  159. News: Brooklyn Mourns Dodger Who Anchored a Borough . Andy . Newman . . August 16, 1999 . October 14, 2013 . July 29, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240729074303/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/08/16/nyregion/brooklyn-mourns-dodger-who-anchored-a-borough.html . live .
  160. Web site: 5.signs . September 29, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101124205930/http://forgotten-ny.com/SLICES/5th.ave.signs/5.signs.html . November 24, 2010 . dead .
  161. Winerip, Michael. "Strict but Trusted, Nun Who Leads Girls’ School Is Irreplaceable", The New York Times, May 13, 2012. Accessed July 2, 2019. "The school is in Bay Ridge, at the foot of the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, in the mansion that Diamond Jim Brady bought for the actress Lillian Russell."
  162. News: Fifty Years Later, Looking for Last Exit . Henry . Stewart . October 10, 2014 . December 1, 2014 . April 7, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150407190521/http://bklynr.com/fifty-years-later-looking-for-last-exit/ . live .
  163. McLellan, Dennis. "Hubert Selby Jr., 75; Wrote Existential Novels", Los Angeles Times, April 28, 2004. Accessed July 2, 2019. "The son of a hard-drinking marine engineer, Selby grew up primarily in the middle-class Brooklyn neighborhood of Bay Ridge."
  164. Eskenazi, Gerald. "Baseball; Saberhagen Comes Up One Strike Short", The New York Times, April 25, 1993. Accessed July 2, 2019. "He knew that the Padres' young hurler, Frank Seminara of Brooklyn's Xaverian High School and Columbia University, was giving the Mets trouble.... Seminara had made a 3,000-mile trip back to New York, brought in 50 family members and friends from Bay Ridge and wound up pitching a strong five and two-thirds innings."
  165. Feeney, Michael J. "Leaving WWE marks a brand new beginning for Brooklyn native Brandon Silvestry", New York Daily News, January 28, 2011. Accessed July 2, 2019. "'There's this thing about Brooklyn. The sense of pride is huge,' said Silvestry - who now lives in Tampa, Fla. - on a recent visit to his family in Bay Ridge. 'I started out here. I never forgot where I came from.'"
  166. News: When Players Like Duke Snider Were Also Neighbors . Manny . Fernandez . . February 28, 2011 . October 14, 2013 . August 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220829025326/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/01/nyregion/01flatbush.html?_r=0 . live .
  167. News: Where Did Bay Ridge's Best Novelist Live? . Henry . Stewart . Hey Ridge . July 8, 2015 . July 11, 2017 . May 29, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170529033833/https://www.heyridge.com/2015/07/where-did-bay-ridges-best-novelist-live/ . live .
  168. News: A Glimpse of Yellen's Career, Chronicled in Her High School Newspaper . Vivian . Yee . . October 9, 2013 . September 17, 2014 . January 4, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140104121426/http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/10/09/a-glimpse-of-yellens-career-chronicled-in-her-high-school-newspaper/ . live .
  169. News: Mervyn . Rothstein . Henny Youngman, King of the One-Liners, Is Dead at 91 After 6 Decades of Laughter . The New York Times . February 25, 1998 . January 31, 2017 . November 12, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231112095834/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/25/arts/henny-youngman-king-of-the-one-liners-is-dead-at-91-after-6-decades-of-laughter.html . live .
  170. Web site: Between Two Moons by Aisha Abdel Gawad: 9780385548618 PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books . PenguinRandomhouse.com . April 11, 2023 . April 11, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230411155114/https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/705541/between-two-moons-by-aisha-abdel-gawad/ . live .
  171. Web site: The Bay Ridge Canon: Lawrence Block Crime Novels . Hey Ridge . January 3, 2017 . July 11, 2017 . August 21, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170821170554/https://www.heyridge.com/2017/01/the-bay-ridge-canon-lawrence-block-crime-novels-interview/ . live .
  172. Web site: The Bay Ridge Canon: The Narrows by Kenneth H. Brown . Hey Ridge . September 19, 2016 . July 11, 2017 . November 17, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161117165620/http://www.heyridge.com/2016/09/the-bay-ridge-canon-the-narrows-by-kenneth-h-brown-interview/ . live .
  173. Web site: The Bay Ridge Canon: Word of Honor by Nelson DeMille . Stewart . Henry . July 24, 2015 . Hey Ridge . July 24, 2015 . July 25, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150725012857/http://www.heyridge.com/2015/07/the-bay-ridge-canon-word-of-honor-by-nelson-demille/ . live .
  174. Web site: The Bay Ridge Canon: Virgin with Child by Tom McDonough . Stewart . Henry . August 5, 2015 . Hey Ridge . August 5, 2015 . August 8, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150808040632/http://www.heyridge.com/2015/08/the-bay-ridge-canon-virgin-with-child-by-tom-mcdonough-interview/ . live .
  175. Book: Selby . Hubert . Song of the Silent Snow . 1986 . 1–4, 19–30, 57–78 .
  176. Web site: Stewart . Henry . Fifty Years Later, Looking for Last Exit . Bklynr . April 21, 2015 . April 7, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150407190521/http://bklynr.com/fifty-years-later-looking-for-last-exit/ . live .
  177. Web site: Stewart . Henry . Gilbert Sorrentino: The Lost Laureate of Brooklyn . Electric Literature . August 11, 2014 .
  178. Web site: Reel Brooklyn: Saturday Night Fever . Brooklyn Magazine . November 7, 2016 . Henry . Stewart . July 11, 2017 . November 27, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171127084254/http://www.bkmag.com/2016/11/07/reel-brooklyn-saturday-night-fever-bay-ridge/ . live .
  179. Web site: White Irish Drinkers Director: "I Love Saturday Night Fever!" . The L Magazine . March 23, 2011 . November 7, 2014 . November 7, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141107204226/http://www.thelmagazine.com/TheMeasure/archives/2011/03/23/white-irish-drinkers-director-i-love-saturday-night-fever . live .
  180. Web site: Blue Bloods - The Best Dining Room on TV . September 28, 2012 . February 11, 2015 . February 12, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150212003825/http://blog.coldwellbanker.com/blue-bloods-the-best-dining-room-on-tv/ . live .
  181. Web site: Bay Ridge is Really Pissed About This New Reality Show . The L Magazine . February 23, 2012 . July 11, 2017 . September 26, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150926142107/http://www.thelmagazine.com/2012/02/bay-ridge-is-really-pissed-about-this-new-reality-show/ . dead .
  182. News: Mad Men's Native Brooklynite Explains the Mystery of Her Heritage . The L Magazine .

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Bay Ridge, Brooklyn".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.