List of battles involving the Ottoman Empire explained

List of the main battles in the history of the Ottoman Empire are shown below. The life span of the empire was more than six centuries, and the maximum territorial extent, at the zenith of its power in the second half of the 16th century, stretched from central Europe to the Persian Gulf and from the Caspian Sea to North Africa. The number of battles the empire fought is quite high. But here only the more important battles are listed. Among these, the battles fought in the 20th century (Turco-Italian War, Balkan Wars, and World War I) as well as the sieges (like the sieges of Constantinople, Cairo, Belgrade, Bagdad, etc.) which most lists include as battles are not shown except in cases where the siege is followed by a battle (i.e. Vienna, Khotyn, Plevna).[1] [2]

List of battles

EuropeAsiaAfricaSea

(Color legend for the location of the battle)

YearBattleOpponent
1302BapheusByzantine Empire
1303DimbosByzantine Empire
1326BursaByzantine Empire
1329PelekanonByzantine Empire
1331NicaeaByzantine Empire
1337NicomediaByzantine Empire
1337DemotikaByzantine Empire, Serbian Empire
1354GallipoliByzantine Empire
1355IhtimanBulgarian Empire
1364near AdrianopleSerbian Empire
1369AdrianopleByzantine Empire
1371MaritsaSerbian Empire
1381DubrovnicaMoravian Serbia
1385SofiaBulgarian Empire
1385SavraZeta under the Balšići
1386PločnikMoravian Serbia
1388BilecaKingdom of Bosnia
1389KosovoMoravian Serbia, District of Branković
Kingdom of Bosnia, Knights Hospitaller
1390PhiladelphiaByzantine Empire
1391 (or 1392)KırkdilimKadi Burhan al-Din
1393TarnovoBulgarian Empire
1395RovineWallachia (South Romania)
1396NicopolisCrusades[3] (Hungary, France, Knights Hospitaller, Venice)
1402AnkaraTimurid Empire
1402TripoljeSerbian Despotate
1403UlubadCivil war between Mehmed Çelebi and İsa Çelebi
1403KosmidionCivil war between Süleyman Çelebi and İsa Çelebi
1410KosmidionByzantine Empire
1411ConstantinopleByzantine Empire
1411 (or 1412)İnceğizCivil war between Mehmed Çelebi and Musa Çelebi
1413ÇamurluCivil war between Mehmed Çelebi and Musa Çelebi
1416GallipoliVenice
1422ConstantinopleByzantine Empire
1428GolubacKingdom of Hungary, Wallachia, Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1430ThessalonicaByzantine Empire
1440BelgradeKingdom of Hungary, Serbian Despotate
1441Novo BrdoSerbian Despotate, Republic of Ragusa
1442Sântimbru and SibiuKingdom of Hungary
1443NishKingdom of Hungary, Kingdom of Poland, Serbian Despotate
1443ZlatitsaKingdom of Hungary, Kingdom of Poland, Serbian Despotate
1444KunovicaCrusades (Hungary, Serbia, Poland)
1444TorviollAlbania
1444VarnaCrusades (Hungary, Poland and many others)
1445MokraAlbania
1446OtonetëAlbania
1448SvetigradLeague of Lezhë
1448OranikLeague of Lezhë
1448Second KosovoHungary, Wallacia
1450KrujëLeague of Lezhë
1450PologAlbania
1453Constantinople Byzantine Empire
1454LeskovacSerbian Despotate
1454KruševacSerbian Despotate, Kingdom of Hungary
1455BeratAlbania
1456OranikAlbania
1456BelgradeKingdom of Hungary, Serbian Despotate
1457UjëbardhaAlbania
1462TargovisteWallachia
1461TrebizondEmpire of Trebizond
1462MokraAlbania
1463Jajce Fortress)Kingdom of Hungary, Kingdom of Croatia, Republic of Venice
1464Jajce Fortress)Kingdom of Hungary
1464OhridAlbania
1465VaikalAlbania
1465MeçadAlbania
1467KrujëAlbania
1467KrujëAlbania
1473MalatyaAk Koyunlu Turkmens
1473OtlukbeliAk Koyunlu Turkmens
1474ShkodraRepublic of Venice, Principality of Zeta
1475CrimeaPrincipality of Theodoro, Republic of Genoa
1475VasluiMoldavia (North Romania)
1476Valea AlbaMoldavia
1478KrujëRepublic of Venice, Albania
1478ShkodraRepublic of Venice
1479Câmpul PâiniiKingdom of Hungary, Serbia
1474ShkodraRepublic of Venice, Lordship of Zeta
1480OtrantoKingdom of Naples, Hungary, Aragon
1483Novi GradKingdom of Croatia
1485AdanaMamluk Sultanate
1485ChiliaMoldavia
1491LikaKingdom of Croatia
1493KrbavaCroatia
1497Chernivtsi OblastKingdom of Poland (1385–1569)
1499ZonchioRepublic of Venice
1500ModonRepublic of Venice
1500CephaloniaRepublic of Venice
1505TrabzonSafavid Persia
1507ErzincanSafavid Persia
1508GeorgiaKingdom of Imereti
1510TrabzonSafavid Persia
1513DubicaCroatia, Kingdom of Hungary
1514ChaldiranSafavid Persia
1514BayburtSafavid Persia
1515KemahSafavid Persia
1515TekiryaylağıSafavid Persia
1515TurnadağBeylik of Dulkadir
1516HarputSafavid Persia
1516KoçhisarSafavid Persia
1516AlgiersSpanish Empire
1516Marj DabiqMamluk Egypt
1516Yaunis KhanMamluk Egypt
1517Siege of CairoMamluk Egypt
1517MosulSafavid Persia
1517JeddahPortugal
1518JajceKingdom of Croatia
1519AlgiersSpanish Empire, Kingdom of Sicily
1520JeddahPortugal
1521BelgradeKingdom of Hungary
1521ŠabacKingdom of Hungary
1522KninCroatia
1522RhodesKnights Hospitallers
1523KamaranPortugal
1526MohácsKingdom of Hungary
1528HungaryHabsburg Austria, Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Bohemia,
Kingdom of Croatia, Ferdinand's Hungarian kingdom, Rascians
1528HungaryHabsburg Austria, Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Bohemia,
Kingdom of Croatia, Ferdinand's Hungarian kingdom
1529BudaHabsburg Monarchy
1529FormenteraSpanish Empire
1529AlgiersSpanish Empire
1529Siege of ViennaHoly Roman Empire
1529FormenteraHoly Roman Empire
1530BudaHabsburg Monarchy
1531Ash-ShihrPortugal
1531DiuPortugal
1531CherchellHabsburg monarchy, Kingdom of France
1532KőszegKingdom of Croatia
1532LeobersdorfHabsburg monarchy, Kingdom of Hungary
1534BaghdadSafavid Persia
1534TunisHafsid dynasty
1535TunisHabsburg monarchy, Hafsid dynasty, Republic of Genoa
Kingdom of Portugal, Papal States, Knights of Malta
1537Fortress of KlisKingdom of Croatia
1537CorfuRepublic of Venice
1537GorjaniHoly Roman Empire
1538 PrevezaPapal Holy League
1539Herceg NoviSpanish Empire
1540GirolataGenoa, Spain
1540SuezPortugal
1541Siege of BudaHoly Roman Empire
1541AlgiersHabsburg monarchy, Order of Saint John, Republic of Genoa,
Papal States, Kingdom of Kuku
1542BudaHoly Roman Empire
1543ValpovoHabsburg Monarchy and Kingdom of Croatia
1543EsztergomHoly Roman Empire
1543NiceHoly Roman Empire and Republic of Genoa
1543SzékesfehérvárHoly Roman Empire
1543KaragakKingdom of Imereti, Principality of Guria
1545SokhoistaKingdom of Imereti, Kingdom of Kartli, Principality of Guria
1547GuriaPrincipality of Guria
1548VanSafavid Persia
1548AdenPortugal
1549Georgian ExpeditionSamtskhe-Saatabago
1551Bab al-MandabPortugal
1551Siege of GozoOrder of Saint John
1551Siege of TripoliOrder of Saint John
1552PonzaRepublic of Genoa
1552TemesvárHabsburg monarchy
1552EgerHungary
1552MuscatPortugal
1553CorsicaRepublic of Genoa
1553First Battle of Kalaa of the Beni Abbes (1553)Kingdom of Beni Abbas
1553TazaSaadi Sultanate
1554Conquest of FezSaadi Sultanate
1558MochaPortugal
1588Wadi al-LabanSaadi Sultanate
1558Mostaganem
1560KamaranPortugal
1560Battle of DjerbaHoly Roman Empire, Republic of Genoa, Papal states, Knights of Malta
1561Brest PokupskiKingdom of Croatia
1565Great Siege of MaltaOrder of Saint John
1565Bosanska KrupaKingdom of Croatia
1565Ivanić-GradKingdom of Croatia
1566SiklósKingdom of Croatia, Kingdom of Hungary
1566SzigetvárKingdom of Croatia, Kingdom of Hungary
1570NicosiaRepublic of Venice
1570FamagustaRepublic of Venice
1571LepantoHoly League (Holy Roman Empire, Republic of Venice, Republic of Genoa, Papal states, Knights of Malta)
1572Near MoscowTsardom of Russia
1574TunisSpanish Empire
1576Capture of FezMorocco
1578Gvozdansko CastleKingdom of Croatia
1578Ksar el KebirPortugal
1578ÇıldırSafavid Persia
1578ShamakhiSafavid Persia
1579TbilisiKingdom of Kartli
1582MukhraniKingdom of Kartli
1583Ferhad Pasha's march to GeorgiaKingdom of Kartli
1583Torches[4] Safavid Persia
1584SlunjKingdom of Croatia
1584KhatisopeliKingdom of Kartli
1586AdenPortugal
1587AkhaltsikheKingdom of Kartli
1587TbilisiKingdom of Kartli
1592BihaćKingdom of Croatia
1592Brest PokupskiKingdom of Croatia
1593SisakHoly Roman Empire, Croatia
1595CălugăreniWallachia
1595GiurgiuTransylvania, Wallachia, Moldavia, Holy Roman Empire
1596Brest PokupskiKingdom of Croatia
1596EgerHabsburg Monarchy
1596KeresztesHabsburg Monarchy
1598-1599GoriKingdom of Kartli
1599NakhiduriKingdom of Kartli
1599ȘelimbărWallachia
1601NagykanizsaHoly Roman and many more
1601GuruslăuHabsburg Monarchy
1603BrașovWallachia
1603TabrizSafavid Persia, Kingdom of Kartli
1604ZeyemKingdom of Kartli, Safavid Persia
1604UrmiaSafavid Persia
1605SufiyanSafavid Persia
1606NiabiKingdom of Kartli
1609TashiskariKingdom of Kartli, Kingdom of Imereti
1620TutoraPoland–Lithuania, Moldavia
1621Khotyn (1621)Poland–Lithuania
1627BaghdadSafavid Persia
1630MahidashtSafavid Persia
1649FocchiesVenice
1654PerastRepublic of Venice
1654Dardanelles (1654)Venice
1655Dardanelles (1655)Venice
1656Dardanelles (1656)Venice
1657Dardanelles (1657)Venice
1663KöbölkútHoly Roman Empire
1663ÉrsekújvárHoly Roman Empire
1663ZrínyiújvárKingdom of Croatia, Kingdom of Hungary
1663ZrínyiújvárKingdom of Croatia, Kingdom of Hungary
1664Siege of Novi ZrinHabsburg monarchy, Kingdom of Croatia, Kingdom of Hungary, League of the Rhine
1664LévaHoly Roman Empire
1664Battle of Saint GotthardFrance, Holy Roman Empire
1664CandiaRepublic of Venice, Knights of Malta, France
1673Khotyn (1673)Poland–Lithuania
1675LwówPoland–Lithuania
1675TrembowlaPoland–Lithuania
1676ŻurawnoPoland–Lithuania
1683Siege of ViennaHoly Roman Empire, Poland–Lithuania
1683PárkányHoly Roman Empire
1684VácHoly Roman Empire
1684BudaHoly Roman Empire
1684LefkadaRepublic of Venice
1685ÉrsekújvárHoly Roman Empire
1685EperjesHoly Roman Empire
1685KassaHoly Roman Empire
1686Battle of BudaHoly League, Christian Coalition
1686PécsHoly Roman Empire
1687Second Battle of MohácsHoly Roman Empire
1687CrimeaTsardom of Russia
1687CrimeaTsardom of Russia
1688ChalkisRepublic of Venice
1688BelgradeHoly Roman Empire, Bavaria
1688BatočinaHoly Roman Empire
1689NišHoly Roman Empire
1690ZernestHoly Roman Empire, Transylvania
1690MytileneRepublic of Venice
1690BelgradeHoly Roman Empire
1691SlankamenHoly Roman Empire
1694UstechkoPoland–Lithuania
1695Oinousses IslandsVenice
1695AzovTsardom of Russia
1695LugosHoly Roman Empire
1696AzovTsardom of Russia
1696AndrosVenice
1696CeneiHoly Roman Empire
1697UlaşHoly Roman Empire
1697ZentaHoly Roman Empire
1698PodhajcePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1698SamothraceVenice
1703Ottoman invasion of Western GeorgiaKingdom of Imereti, Principality of Mingrelia, Principality of Guria
1711Pruth RiverRussian Empire, Kingdom of Kartli
1716PetrovaradinHoly Roman Empire
1717BelgradeHoly Roman Empire
1717ImbrosVenice
1717MatapanVenice, Portugal, Knights of Malta, Papal States
1723ZedavelaKingdom of Kartli
1724ZedavelaKingdom of Kakheti
1724AteniKingdom of Kakheti, Kingdom of Kartli
1726KhoramabadHotaki Empire
1733SamarraSafavid Persia
1733KirkukSafavid Persia
1734MagharoKingdom of Kakheti
1734BaghdadSafavid Persia
1735YeghevardSafavid Persia
1737Banja LukaHoly Roman Empire
1739GrockaHoly Roman Empire
1739StavuchanyRussian Empire
1744AchabetiGivi Amilakhvari, Kingdom of Kakheti
1745KarsAfsharid Persia
1753ZotiPrincipality of Guria
1757KhresiliKingdom of Imereti
1770AspindzaKingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
1770ChesmaRussian Empire
1770LargaRussian Empire
1770KagulRussian Empire
1770-1771[Siege of Poti|Poti | [[Russian Empire]], Principality of Mingrelia|-- bgcolor=#FFCCCC|1774| Chkheri|Kingdom of Imereti, Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti|--bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1774|Kozluca|Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor="#CCFFFF"|1774|Kerch|Russian Empire|--bgcolor=#FFCCCC|1775|Algiers|Spanish Empire|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1776|Basra|Zand Persia|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1779| Rukh|Kingdom of Imereti, Principality of Guria, Principality of Mingrelia|--bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1784| Nachiskrevi|Kingdom of Imereti, Principality of Guria|--bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1789|Sebeş|Holy Roman Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1789|Fokşani|Holy Roman Empire, Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1789||Rymnik||Holy Roman Empire, Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor="#CCFFFF"|1790|Kerch|Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor="#CCFFFF"|1791|Kaliakra|Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFCCCC|1798|Pyramids|France|--bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1799|Acre|France|-- bgcolor=#FFCCCC|1799|Abukir|France|-|-- bgcolor=#FFCCCC|1805|Derne|United States|-|--bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1805|Ivankovac|Serbian rebels|-|--bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1806|Mišar|Serbian rebels|-|--bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1806|Deligrad|Serbian rebels|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFFF|1807|Dardanelles (1807)|United Kingdom|-|-- bgcolor=#FFCCCC|1807|Alexandria|United Kingdom|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1807|Arpachai|Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor="#CCFFFF"|1807|Athos|Russian Empire|-|1807|Akhalkalaki| Russian Empire, Kutaisi Governorate|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1809| Malkatva|Russian Empire, Principality of Guria, Principality of Mingrelia, Principality of Abkhazia|-|--bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1809|Čegar|Serbian rebels|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1810|Sokhumi| Russian Empire, Principality of Mingrelia|-|1810|Batin|Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1812|Al Safra|Emirate of Diriyah|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1812|Russo-Turkish war| Russian Empire, Principality of Mingrelia, Principality of Guria, Principality of Abkhazia,|-- bgcolor=#FFCCCC|1813|Jeddah|Emirate of Diriyah|-|--bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1815|Ljubić|Serbian rebels|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1821|Alamana|Greek rebels|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1821|Dragashani|Greek rebels|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1821|Erzurum|Qajar Persia|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1822|Dervenakia|Greek rebels|-|-|-- bgcolor="#CCFFFF"|1822|Nauplia|Greek rebels|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1822|Chios|Greek rebels|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1825|Gerontas|Greek rebels|-|-- bgcolor="#CCFFFF"|1827|Kamatero|Greek rebels|-|-- bgcolor="#CCFFFF"|1827|Navarino|Russian Empire, United Kingdom, France|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1828-1829| Akhaltsikhe|Russian Empire, Principality of Guria|--bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1829|Kulevicha|Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFCCCC|1829| Limani|Russian Empire, Principality of Guria|--bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1830|Algiers|France|-|--bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1831|Third Kosovo|Bosnia (revolters)|-|-- bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|1832|Konya|Egypt|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1836|Najd|Emirate of Najd|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1839|Nizib|Egypt|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1840|Acre|Egypt|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1853|Shekvetili|Russian Empire, Principality of Guria|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1853|Akhaltsikhe|Russian Empire, Principality of Guria|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1853|Oltenitza|Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor="#CCFFFF"|1853|Sinop|Russian Empire|--bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1854|Nigoiti|Russian Empire, Principality of Mingrelia|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1854|Choloki|Russian Empire, Principality of Mingrelia|-- bgcolor=#FFCCCC|1854|Silistra|Russian Empire|-- bgcolor=#CCFFFF|1854|Kurekdere|Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1855|Enguri|Russian Empire, Kutaisi Governorate|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1855|Eupatoria|Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1877|Kızıl Tepe|Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1877|Plevna|Russian Empire, Romania, Bulgaria (revolters)|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1877|Shipka|Russian Empire, Bulgaria (revolters)|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1877|Taşkesen|Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1877-1878|Batumi|Russian Empire, Kutaisi Governorate|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1878|Plevna|Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1878|Mouzaki|Greece|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1880|Ulqin|Albanian Irregulars|-|-- bgcolor=#FFCCCC|1881|Tunisia|France|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1893|Al Wajbah|Qatar|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1897|Velestino|Greece|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1897|Domokos|Greece|-|-- bgcolor=#FFCCCC|1911|Tobruk|Italy|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFFF|1912|Kunfuda|Italy|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFFF|1912|Beirut|Italy|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1912|Sarantaporo|Greece|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1912|Yenidje|Greece|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1912|Kırkkilise|Bulgaria|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1912|Burgos|Bulgaria|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1912|Çatalca|Bulgaria|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1912–1913|Scutari|Montenegro, Serbia|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1912–1913|Adrianople|Bulgaria|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1912|Prilep|Serbia|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1912|Sorovich|Greece|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1912|Monastir|Serbia|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFFF|1912|Dardanelles (1912)|Greece|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFFF|1913|Lemnos|Greece|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1913|Bizani|Greece|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1914|Zeitun|Armenian Militia|-|-- bgcolor=CCFFFF|1914|Black Sea Raid|Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1914|Bergmann Offensive|Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1914|Al-Faw|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1914|Basra|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1914|Qurna|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1914|Sarikamish|Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1914–1915|Ardahan|Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1915|Suez Canal|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#CCFFCC|1915–1916|Gallipoli|British Empire, France|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1915|Dilman|Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1915|Van|Armenian Militia|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1915|Zeitun|Armenian Militia|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1915|Musa Dagh Resistance|Armenian Militia|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1915|Şebinkarahisar|Armenian Militia|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1915|Malazgirt|Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1915|Kara Killisse|Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1915|Battle of Es Sinn|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1915|Urfa Resistance|Armenian Militia|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1915|Ctesiphon|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1915|Battle of Umm-at-Tubal|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1915|Kut|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1916|Battle of Sheikh Sa'ad|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1916|Erzurum|Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1916|Battle of Koprukoy|Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1916|Battle of Wadi|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1916|Battle of Hanna|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1916|Trabzon|Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1916|Battle of Dujaila|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1916|Bir el Jifjafa|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1916|Katia|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1916|Mecca|Hejazi Rebels|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1916|Ta'if|Hejazi Rebels|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1916–1919|Medina|Hejazi Rebels|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1916|Bitlis|Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1916|Erzincan|Russian Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1916|Battle of Romani|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1916|Bir al-Abed|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1916–1917|Yanbu|Hejazi Rebels|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1916|Battle of Magdhaba|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Battle of Rafa|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Hasna|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Kut|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Raid on Nekhl|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Tell 'Asur|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Baghdad|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Samarra offensive|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Mount Hamrin|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|First Battle of Gaza|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Second Battle of Gaza|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Istabulat|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Stalemate in Southern Palestine|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Aqaba|Hejazi rebels|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Ramadi|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Wadi Musa|Hejazi Rebels|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|al-Samn|Hejazi Rebels|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Tze'elim|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Beersheba|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Third Battle of Gaza|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Battle of Tel el Khuweilfe|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Battle of Hareira and Sheria|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917| Wadi el Hesi|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Huj|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Battle of Mughar Ridge|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Ayun Kara|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Jerusalem|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Nebi Samwil|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Battle of El Burj|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1917|Jaffa|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1918|Jericho|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1918|Hijla|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1918|Transjordan|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1918|Khan al Baghdadi|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1918|Transjordan|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1918|Sardarabad|Armenia|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1918|Bash Abaran|Armenia|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1918|Vanadzor|Armenia|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1918|Apollonia–Arsuf|British Empire|-|1918|Anaria|Transcaucasian Commissariat|-- bgcolor=#FFCCCC|1918|German Caucasus Expedition|Russian SFSR|-|1918|Choloki|Transcaucasian Commissariat|-- bgcolor=#FFCCCC|1918|Battle of Abu Tellul|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1918|Baku|Baku Commune|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1918|Mokvi|Democratic Republic of Georgia|-- bgcolor=#FFCCCC|1918|Transjordan|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1918|Wadi Ara|France, British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1918|Tabsor|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1918|Irbid|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1918|Damascus|Hejazi Rebels, British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1918|Battle of Jisr Benat Yakub|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1918|Kaukab|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1918|Kiswe|British Empire, Hejazi Rebels|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1918|Khan Ayash|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1918|Battle of Sharqat|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1918|Aleppo|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1918|Haritan|British Empire|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1919–1920|Revolt of Ahmet Anzavur|Turkish National Movement|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1919|Ardahan|Democratic Republic of Georgia|-- bgcolor=#FFCCCC|1920|Geyve|Grand National Assembly|-|-- bgcolor=#FFFFCC|1920|Greek Summer Offensive|Grand National Assembly|-|}

The sultans of the Ottoman Empire participated in some of the battles listed above. For those battles see List of the Ottoman battles in which the sultan participated

See also

References

Notes and References

  1. Nicolae Jorga: Geschiste des osmanischen , trans. by Nilüfer Epçeli, Yeditepe Yayınları, İstanbul, 2009,
  2. Prof.Dr.Yaşar Yücel-Prof.Dr.Ali Sevim: Türkiye Tarihi II, III, IV, AKDTYK Yayınları, İstanbul, 1990,
  3. In most Ottoman European battles troops from many countries fought against Ottomans. Here, only the major opponents are listed.
  4. The battle continued during the night, both sides using torches. Hence the name

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