| Conflict: | Battle of Riyadh |
| Partof: | the Unification of Saudi Arabia |
| Date: | 13 January 1902 |
| Place: | Riyadh, Emirate of Ha'il |
| Casus: | King Abdulaziz Ibn Saud trying to regain Riyadh from Al Rashid clan. |
| Result: | House of Saud victory
|
| Combatant1: | Emirate of Ha'il Supported by: Ottoman Empire |
| Combatant2: | House of Saud |
| Commander1: | Ibn Ajlan |
| Commander2: | Abdulaziz Ibn Saud |
| Strength1: | 80 |
| Strength2: | 68 |
| Casualties1: | 30 dead |
| Casualties2: | 7 dead |
| Casualties3: | 37 dead[1] |
The Battle of Riyadh was a minor battle in Riyadh, then part of the Emirate of Ha'il, fought between the Rashidi dynasty and the House of Saud in January 1902 that resulted in the latter's takeover of walled town by Ibn Saud. The battle is considered a prelude to the 30-year old unification war, culminating in the establishment of Saudi Arabia in 1932.
In late 1901, following the end of the Second Saudi State the Al Saud clan was forced to move to Kuwait after Riyadh had fallen to the Al Rashid family. Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud head of the clan requested supplies and men from the Kuwaiti Emir to retake his home town. The Kuwaiti prince, who was also involved in several wars with Rashidis, acceded to Ibn Saud's request and gave him horses and arms.
After he arrived he said. "Judgment belongs to God and then to Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Rahman bin Al Saud".
In January 1902, Ibn Saud and his men returned to Riyadh and successfully assaulted the castle. He captured and killed Ibn Ajlan (Chief of Riyadh) after morning prayers, and Abdul Aziz held Ibn Ajlan's head and threw it to the people of Riyadh.[2]
Abdul Aziz's victory marked the start of three decades of fighting that would ultimately see him unite nearly all of central Arabia under his rule. It also marked the beginning of the Third Saudi State, which evolved into present-day Saudi Arabia.