| Conflict: | Battle of Pine Bluff |
| Partof: | the American Civil War |
| Place: | Jefferson County, Arkansas |
| Coordinates: | 34.2297°N -92.0033°W |
| Result: | Union victory |
| Combatant1: |  United States (Union) |
| Commander1: | Powell Clayton |
| Commander2: | John S. Marmaduke |
| Units1: | Post of Pine Bluff |
| Units2: | Marmaduke's Division |
| Strength1: | 550 cavalry and militia, 300 freedmen, 9 guns |
| Strength2: | 2,000 cavalry, 12 guns |
| Casualties1: | 16 dead and 40 wounded or missing |
| Casualties2: | 41 dead, wounded or missing |
| Map Type: | Arkansas |
| Map Size: | 280 |
| Map Label: | Pine Bluff |
| Map Relief: | Yes |
The Battle of Pine Bluff, also known as the Action at Pine Bluff, was an engagement fought on October 25, 1863 in Jefferson County, Arkansas during the American Civil War. The Post of Pine Bluff, a United States garrison commanded by Colonel Powell Clayton, successfully defended the town against attacks led by Confederate Brigadier-General John S. Marmaduke's cavalry division. Much of the fighting took place near Jefferson Courthouse, which the Confederates tried unsuccessfully to set ablaze. The Union victory ensured Pine Bluff was occupied by U.S. forces until the end of the war.[1]
After the capture of Little Rock on September 10, 1863, Union forces occupied several towns along the Arkansas. Confederate Brigadier-General John S. Marmaduke, commanding a cavalry division, decided to test their strength at Pine Bluff. On Sunday, October 25, Marmaduke attacked the Post of Pine Bluff, a U.S. garrison commanded by Colonel Powell Clayton of the 5th Kansas Cavalry.
At, Marmaduke's 2,000 Confederate cavalry approached Pine Bluff from three sides. The 550 Federal cavalrymen and Missouri militia, supported by 300 freedmen, barricaded the courthouse square with cotton-bales and positioned the cannon to command the adjacent streets. Marmaduke's Division made several attacks upon the square, then attempted to set the county courthouse on fire. They were unsuccessful and withdrew to Princeton, Arkansas.[2]