Battle of Mashkullorë explained

Conflict:	Battle of Mashkullorë
Partof:	the Albanian Revolt
Date:	March 19, 1908
Place:	Mashkullorë, Albania
Map Size:	2,5 km²[mashkullorë size in km²]
Result:	Albanian victory
Combatant1:	Albanian rebels
Combatant2:	Ottoman Gendarmerie
Commander1:	Çerçiz Topulli (WIA) Mihal Grameno Myftar Axhemi (WIA)
Commander2:	Binbashi Halil Musa Bey^[1]
Strength1:	5 Albanian rebels^[2]
Strength2:	150^[3] ^[4]
Casualties1:	2 wounded, one of them Çerçiz Topulli
Casualties2:	40 killed^[5]

The Battle of Mashkullorë (March 18, 1908) took place between Albanian rebel forces under the command of Çerçiz Topulli and the Ottomans.^{[6] [7] [8] [9] [10]}

Background

On February 25, 1908, Çerçiz Topulli and his Albanian rebel group assassinated the Ottoman binbashi of Gjirokastër.^[4] After the assassination of the Ottoman binbashi, Çerçiz Topulli and his Albanian rebels fled to Mashkullorë, a village near Gjirokastër.

Armed resistance in Mashkullorë

On March 18, the Albanian rebels were surrounded by Ottoman forces.^[11] The Ottoman forces had over 150 soldiers^[12] and the Albanian rebels were outnumbered, nevertheless, Çerçiz Topulli was able to fight the soldiers, and emerge victorious.^{[13] [14]} The Albanian rebel group of the detachment resisted attacks of the Turkish forces for an entire day and were able to break the siege. The Turkish forces lost 40 soldiers ^[15] The Albanian rebels did not lose any soldiers, but Çerçiz Topulli and Myftar Axhemi were wounded.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Lufta e Mashkullorës, beteja e Çerçiz Topullit kundër forcave osmane . 2022-10-28 . www.syri.net.
2. Web site: Elsie . Robert . 1907 Mihal Grameno: The Albanian Uprising . albanianhistory.net.
3. Book: (Tirana, Albania), Instituti i Shkencave . Buletin për shkencat shoqërore . Botim i Institutit të Shkencave . 1956 . Tirana, Albania . Albanian.
4. Book: European voices. I, Multipart singing in the Balkans and the Mediterranean . 2008 . Böhlau . Ardian Ahmedaja . Gerlinde Haid . 978-3-205-78090-8 . Wien . 300318847.
5. Book: Hajro, Shemsi . Në gjirin e lëvizjes patriotike . N. Frashëri . 1962 . Albania . 153 . Albanian.
6. Book: Historia e popullit shqiptar . Enti i botimeve shkollare i Republikës Socialiste të Serbisë . 1968 . University of California . Albanian.
7. Book: Skendi, Stavro . Albanian National Awakening. . 2015 . Princeton University Press . 978-1-4008-4776-1 . 927972580.
8. Book: Central Intelligence Agency, United States . Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts . Ohio State University . 1962 . Ohio State University . 54–55 . English.
9. Book: Language School (U.S.), Army . 12-month Course in Albanian . Albanian Language Department, Army Language School . 1955 . University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign . English.
10. Web site: Lufta e Mashkullorës, beteja e Çerçiz Topullit kundër forcave osmane . 2022-10-28 . www.syri.net.
11. Book: Kacori, Thoma . A handbook of Albanian . Sofia University "Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of Slavonic Studies . 1979 . University of Michigan . 292 . English, Albanian.
12. Book: Elsie, Robert . Historical dictionary of Albania . 2010 . Scarecrow Press . 978-0-8108-7380-3 . Lanham . 659564122.
13. Book: Tönnes, Bernhard . Sonderfall Albanien : Enver Hoxhas "eigener Weg" u.d. historischen Ursprünge seiner Ideologie . 1980 . Oldenbourg . 3-486-50321-9 . München . 7112518.
14. Book: Bibliotheca Historica Romaniae . Publishing House of the Academy of the Socialist Republic of Romania . 1979 . University of Michigan . English, French, Romanian.
15. Book: Frashëri, Kristo . The History of Albania . na . 1964 . University of Virginia . 343 . English.