Battle of Huliaipole explained

Conflict:Battle of Huliaipole
Partof:the southern Ukraine campaign of the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Date:5 March 2022 – present
Place:Huliaipole, Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine
Status:Ongoing
Combatant1:Russia
Combatant2:Ukraine

The battle of Huliaipole is an ongoing military conflict between the Armed Forces of Russia and the Armed Forces of Ukraine over the city of Huliaipole, in central Zaporizhzhia Oblast.

In the first weeks of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Russian forces captured and occupied the southern part of Zaporizhzhia Oblast. They pushed as far as the Ukrainian cities of Orikhiv and Huliaipole, before the offensive stalled and the front line stabilised just south of Huliaipole. Russian efforts to capture the city were frustrated by the Ukrainian forces.

In May 2022, the Russian forces began an intensive shelling of Huliaipole, which has been carried out on a daily basis in the months since. Civilian infrastructure, including residential buildings, cultural centres and agricultural facilities, were damaged and destroyed during the bombardment. In response to the sustained bombardment of Huliaipole, the Security Service of Ukraine has accused the Russian armed forces of committing war crimes.

Initial offensive

During the course of the southern Ukraine offensive of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Huliaipole lost power and water from 2 March 2022. The following day, Russian forces captured the nearby city of Polohy.[1] On 5 March, Russian forces briefly entered Huliaipole.[2]

A Ukrainian missile division led by struck back at the Russian forces near Huliaipole, but on 18 March, Vasyliev was fired upon by Russian forces and died from his injuries the day after. He was posthumously awarded the Order of the Gold Star, which was presented to his wife and child by President Volodymyr Zelenskyy. On 26 March, the Zaporizhzhia regional military administration claimed Ukrainian forces had recaptured the villages of Poltavka and Malynivka east of Huliaipole after heavy fighting.[3]

By 30 March, Huliaipole had experienced almost a month of nightly shelling, while its population had decreased to around 2,000, with around a dozen civilian deaths.[2]

On 21 April, three Russian helicopters were shot down over Huliaipole by a Ukrainian man-portable air-defense system, forcing a nearby Russian tank column to retreat, while Ukrainian long range artillery also destroyed 24 Russian tanks and 10 APCs in the area around the city. Serhiy Yarmak, the mayor of Huliaipole, reported that local Ukrainian forces had named their defensive positions after Nestor Makhno, a native of Huliaipole that fought in the Ukrainian War of Independence.[4]

On 25 April, the Russian forces began concentrating their efforts on capturing Huliaipole, reinforcing their own positions and firing on Ukrainian ones.[5] The following day, three people were wounded and a number of houses destroyed during a Russian artillery bombardment, which continued for a number of days.[4] The provincial government of Zaporizhzhia later reported that Russian troops in the area were shooting their own cars, in order to not get sent to the front at Huliaipole, and that they were also complaining about the ineffectiveness that their attacks had on the Territorial Defense Forces.[6]

Shelling

May 2022

On 6 May, the Russian forces began to shell the city with artillery and airstrikes.[7] Roman Balinsky, a soldier in the Ukrainian Mechanized Infantry, reported that his brigade "barely had time to dig in when they started bombing us." Balinsky was almost killed in a Russian tank attack on his trench, but his life was saved by field surgeons.[8]

In response to the shelling, Serhiy Yarmak ordered an evacuation of the town's residents.[9] On 14 May, it was reported that many residential buildings had been damaged or destroyed during the continued bombardment,[10] an act which the Security Service of Zaporizhzhia considered to be a war crime.[11] Russian forces also destroyed the road between the Ukrainian-held Huliaipole and the Russian-held city of Polohy, using land mines.[12] [13] That same day, Serhii Parkhomenko, a commander in the 229th Tactical Aviation Brigade, was shot down and killed near Huliaipole. He was posthumously awarded the title "Hero of Ukraine", which was presented to his family by President Volodymyr Zelenskyy.[14]

June 2022

In June, Russian forces deployed multiple rocket launchers to shell Huliaipole's remaining civilian infrastructure.[15] Oleksandr Starukh, the governor of Zaporizhzhia Oblast, reported that the Ukrainian defensive line was being reinforced at Huliaipole, where clashes were still ongoing.[16] On 7 June, a 10 year-old child was wounded in a Russian artillery strike against Huliaipole.[17]

On 9 June, the Chief Intelligence Directorate of the Ukrainian Ministry of Defence reported that the bodies of Russian soldiers who died fighting in Huliaipole had been taken to a meat packing plant in Russian-occupied Melitopol, and accused the Russian government of downplaying the number of casualties.[18] The Chief Intelligence Directorate also revealed that they had attempted to break the siege of Mariupol in early April, but the detachment sent from Huliaipole to break into the city was repelled by the Russian defensive line.[19]

On 13 June, the Russian Air Force launched a series of airstrikes against Ukrainian positions at Huliaipole.[20] The Russian armed forces reportedly continued to target civilian infrastructure, rather than directly engaging Ukrainian forces.[21] According to the General Staff of the Ukrainian Armed Forces, this continued bombardment was being carried out in order to pin down the Ukrainian forces in Huliaipole, as part of an attempt by Russian forces to capture the city of Sievierodonetsk.[22] [23] Mortars, artillery and multiple rocket launchers were fired against Ukrainian positions in Huliaipole by Russian forces, but the Ukrainians were able to repel the Russian offensive.[24] Small gains were made by the Ukrainian forces in the area around Huliaipole, although this came at a high personnel cost, with many Ukrainians being injured in the artillery fire.[25]

On 18 June, shelling against Huliaipole continued, damaging several residential and commercial buildings, and wounding a number of civilians.[26] [27] On 28 June, Russian forces bombarded Huliaipole.[28]

July 2022

Following Russian missile attacks against Huliaipole on 12 July, the National Police of Ukraine reported that cluster bombs had exploded in nearby agricultural fields and burnt down over 600 hectares of grain.[29] Although the Russian Armed Forces were not conducting any further offensive operations in Zaporizhzhia, they continued to shell Huliaipole.[30]

On 19 July, the Russian Armed Forces began regrouping their troops in Zaporizhzhia and started concentrating their efforts on capturing the region.[31] That date, Russian forces shelled Huliaipole using a BM-21 Grad multiple rocket launcher system and artillery, causing damage to a number of administrative and residential buildings, and reportedly leaving a number of casualties, with the State Emergency Service of Ukraine putting out fires in the aftermath.[32] On 21 July, Serhiy Yarmak reported that over 1,000 homes and nearly all of the town's infrastructure had been damaged during the months of heavy shelling.[33] Russian forces continued to shell civilian and military infrastructure in Huliaipole into August, but did not take any further military actions in the area.[34]

August 2022

On 12 August, the General Staff of the Ukrainian Armed Forces reported that Russian forces had opened fire against Ukrainian positions at Huliaipole, but they were repelled.[35] As part of their effort to advance towards Zaporizhzhia, Russian forces then conducted aerial reconnaissance near Huliaipole.[36] Further shelling of Huliaipole was reportedly conducted by Russian tanks and artillery,[37] which were subsequently followed by airstrikes.[38] Sustained bombardment of Huliaipole by Russian artillery and airstrikes[39] resulted in the destruction of a sports complex on 22 August.[40] On the night of 28 August, a Russian Kh-22 missile reportedly struck a housing community in the regional capital of Zaporizhzhia, where a number of Huliaipole residents had been sheltering after fleeing their home city.[41] Meanwhile, the Ukrainian General Staff reported on the continuation of Russian airstrikes against Huliaipole.[42] The Russian air force also carried out reconnaissance around Huliaipole, using unmanned aerial vehicles.[43]

October 2022

See also: October 2022 missile strikes on Ukraine. Russian forces did not conduct active offensive operations against Huliaipole at the beginning of October 2022, but continued to shell the city,[44] inflicting fire damage,[45] using artillery, mortars and tanks.[46] According to Zaporizhzhia Governor Oleksandr Starukh, the Russian shelling killed Huliaipole's deputy mayor Oleksandr Savytskyi and the local utility service director Oleksandr Kosarenko, who reportedly died at their workplaces.[47] [48] Following the shelling, on 4 October, the Ukrainian Air Force responded by striking back at Russian positions near Huliaipole, destroying some military equipment.[49] [50]

On the night of 16 October, Russian missiles hit and destroyed schools in the neighbouring villages of and, just north of Huliaipole, as part of a sustained bombardment against civilian infrastructure in the region.[51] The following day, the Ukrainian Armed Forces carried out strikes against the Russian positions south of Huliaipole, reportedly hitting military equipment and injuring dozens of Russian soldiers.[52] On 19 October, Oleksandr Starukh reported that Russian S-300 missiles had been fired on the city itself, destroying another school without causing any casualties.[53]

November 2022

On 5 November, Ivan Fedorov gave an interview with Ukrinform, in which he claimed that detained residents of Melitopol were being used by the Russian military to dig trenches around Huliaipole.[54] On 7 November, Oleksandr Starukh reported that Russian forces had fired S-300 missiles at a village near Huliaipole, damaging a cultural center and a farm warehouse, along with some homes.[55] On 10 November, while the artillery shelling of Huliaipole continued, the Ukrainian General Staff reported that Russian forces were starting to fortify their positions in the occupied areas of the Zaporizhzhia region, using civilians to help with the construction.[56] The following day, Russian forces carried out missile strikes against civilian infrastructure in Huliaipole,[57] reportedly destroying houses.[58] On 12 November, Ivan Fedorov reported that the 115th Separate Melitopol Battalion of the Territorial Defense Forces had destroyed 4 Russian armored personnel carriers near Huliaipole.[59]

On 18 November, the Ukrainian Armed Forces responded to Russian artillery strikes by carrying out strikes against Russian positions along the contact line,[60] [61] wounding more than 100 soldiers and destroying 20 pieces of military equipment.[62] On 21 November, Petro Andriushchenko reported that the movement of Russian military equipment and manpower from Mariupol had changed direction towards Huliaipole, confirming that two large military convoys had moved towards the city through Nikolske.[63] The shelling of Ukrainian military positions and civilian infrastructure in Huliaipole continued over the subsequent days,[64] [65] as the Russian armed forces started to conduct active defensive operations in the area.[66] [67] [68] [69]

December 2022

Following a successful counteroffensive that had resulted in the capture of Kherson by Ukrainian forces, attentions began to shift towards a possible offensive in Zaporizhzhia. Since the capture of Kherson, Russian helicopter activity around Huliaipole became more frequent and artillery shelling of Ukrainian positions at Huliaipole intensified,[70] as Russian military equipment was moved towards the city.[71]

On 9 December, Russian and Ukrainian forces at Huliaipole exchanged artillery fire, in response to what Russian intelligence reported to be a massing of Ukrainian mechanized infantry around the city, prompting further speculation of a Ukrainian offensive in the region.[72] On 12 December, UNESCO reported that a cultural center and a Kingdom Hall were among the cultural sites in Huliaipole that were damaged by the Russian strikes.[73] Russian forces also began massing troops around Melitopol, in response to the increasing Ukrainian numbers around Huliaipole.[74]

January–February 2023

On 7 January, during the Russian-proposed "Christmas truce", approximately 230 shells hit the city.[75]

Having remained largely on the defensive for the first weeks of 2023,[76] on 18 January, the Russian forces attempted an offensive against Orikhiv and Huliaipole, but were unsuccessful.[77] On 22 January, Vladimir Rogov announced that Russian troops were moving towards Orikhiv and Huliaipole as part of a general offensive in Zaporizhzhia Oblast.[78] Ukrainian armed forces repelled the offensive, with Russian officials claiming that their advance had stalled.[79] Reports indicated that Russian forces managed to seize a previously-occupied strip of "no-man's land" closer to the cities, although Ukrainian forces reported no large-scale assault in the area.[80] Russian forces in the area were reportedly held back at the town of, preventing them from moving up the road towards Orikhiv and Huliaipole.[81]

In February 2023, Russian forces began to regroup, reportedly preparing for a new offensive[82] [83] On 22 February 2023 Russian forces launched attacks against the Ukrainian-held areas of the Zaporizhzhia front, but were repelled.[84] Throughout the subsequent shelling of the contact line, the Russian armed forces remained on the defensive.[85] [86]

March–May 2023

On 14 March 2023, Huliaipole's mayor Serhiy Yarmak reported that shelling had decreased over the preceding month and that there were still 3,000 residents remaining in the city, including 93 children. According to Yarmak, the hospital continued to treat patients in its basement, local police patrolled the streets to prevent Ukrainian troops from buying alcohol and garbage collectors did their usual routes now in body armour and helmets. Yarmak himself also wears fatigues and armour, sporting a patch that read "Be afraid of hell and the guy from Makhno-city."[87]

On 24 April, Vladimir Rogov, leader of the We Are Together with Russia organisation, claimed that 12,000 Ukrainian troops had massed near Huliaipole.[88]

On 19 May, Yuriy Malashko reported that Russian forces had begun flooding fields and mining dams in Zaporizhzhia Oblast, in anticipation of a Ukrainian counteroffensive. Strikes against Huliaipole, Orikhiv and Mala Tokmachka also increased during this time, in what Malashko believed was an attempt by Russian forces to deter such a counteroffensive. He also reported that, over the previous month, Russian troops had looted homes in the occupied parts of the region and removed documents from the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant.[89]

Counteroffensive

See main article: 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive.

June 2023

On 4 June, the Armed Forces of Ukraine launched a counteroffensive on the southern and eastern fronts, with Ukrainian forces reportedly carrying out limited attacks against Russian positions near Mala Tokmachka and the Russian forces responding with airstrikes against Ukrainian positions at Huliaipole.[90] A pro-Russian official in the occupied Zaporizhzhia Oblast claimed that the Ukrainian forces were attempting to break through Russian lines and push towards the Azov Sea.[91] Upon returning from the Huliaipole front, governor of Zaporizhzhia Yuriy Malashko confirmed Ukrainian intentions to take the Azov coast and cut the Russian land bridge to Crimea, but cautioned that it would be "very difficult because the Russians have been digging defenses for more than a year."[92]

Over the following days, Ukrainian attacks in eastern Zaporizhzhia continued,[93] with Russian forces claiming to have repelled a Ukrainian ground attack near Velyka Novosilka. On 7 June, skirmishes took place in western Zaporizhzhia, as Ukrainian forces attempted to push south from Orikhiv, but were repelled. Russian and Ukrainian sources also reported a series of explosions near Tokmak.[94] On 9 June, combat operations in western and eastern Zaporizhzhia resulted in incremental gains by the Ukrainian forces, at the expense of some western-supplied tanks being destroyed. The same day, the Russian-installed governor of Zaporizhzhia Oblast Yevgeny Balitsky announced the creation of a "people's militia" to police the occupied parts of the region.[95] On 10 June, Ukrainian attacks south from Orikhiv continued, making marginal gains, aided by western equipment. Ukrainian forces also destroyed a number of Russian thermobaric artillery systems in the region, damaging their capacity to repel Ukrainian attacks.[96] Ukrainian forces reportedly advanced 300 to 500 metres south during their counterattacks in Zaporizhzhia.[97]

July 2023

Following the first month of the counteroffensive, by the beginning of July 2023, the Ukrainian forces had managed to push back Russian forces slightly from Huliaipole. This resulted in relatively less Russian shelling of the city centre, with the front line now resting at 6 kilometres away from the city.[98] Nevertheless, Russian forces continued to deploy artillery against front line towns in Zaporizhzhia,[99] with Yuriy Malashko reporting a man had been injured in Huliaipole and 64 cases of property damage.[100] Russian forces in Zaporizhzhia Oblast continued to focus on preventing the Ukrainian advance, conducting sustained artillery bombardment of front line towns.[101] During the Russian shelling on 6 July, Malashko reported that a 56-year-old woman was killed in Huliaipole.[102]

Russian attacks continued into the second week of July, with artillery shelling of Huliaipole and air strikes against Orikhiv.[103] On 9 July, a Russian guided aerial bomb hit a school in Orikhiv while humanitarian aid was being distributed there, killing four people and leaving more trapped beneath the rubble of destroyed residential buildings.[104] Russian forces continued to fire on the city as search and rescue operations were underway,[105] with the death toll rising to seven as people were found underneath the rubble.[106]

Shelling of front line towns in Zaporizhzhia, including Orikhiv, Huliaipole and Zaliznychne, continued as Russian forces attempted to prevent further Ukrainian advances. The Dune Hotel in Russian-occupied Berdiansk was also attacked, killing a number of Russian military personnel.[107] Meanwhile, Ukrainian forces conducted offensive operations in the directions of Melitopol and Berdiansk, consolidating their positions and striking Russian positions.[108] Russian forces subsequently carried out air strikes against Mala Tokmachka and artillery strikes against Huliaipole and Zaliznychne, but the Ukrainian offensive towards Melitopol and Berdiansk continued to take territory and consolidate the Ukrainian position on the front line.[109]

While Ukrainian offensive operations in Zaporizhzhia Oblast stalled, Russian forces saw a successful offensive operation that took the village of Chernove, east of Huliaipole.[110] Russian shelling of front line towns also continued,[111] killing a 72-year-old woman and injuring five other civilians in an air strike against Orikhiv.[112] On the night of 18-19 July, Russian forces also carried out missile attacks against the city of Zaporizhzhia, UAV attacks against Olhivske, air strikes against Orikhiv and artillery shelling of other front line towns, including Huliaipole.[113] Meanwhile, the 35th Russian Army carried out offensive operations around Huliaipole, in order to reinforce the road towards Polohy.[114] Huliaipole's mayor Serhiy Yarmak reported that attacks against the city were again intensifying, as Russians began carrying out air strikes against it.[115] During a Russian attack against Huliaipole on 21 July, four agricultural workers were killed.[116] [117] [118]

As shelling of front line towns continued, Russian forces attempted to retake Pryiutne, but were unsuccessful.[119] [120] Meanwhile, Ukrainian forces continued to advance in the direction towards Berdiansk, but no movement was taken towards Melitopol due to the dense mining along the frontline.[121] In an attempt to prevent the Ukrainian advance on these fronts, Russian attacks against front line towns continued,[122] [123] [124] injuring two people in Orikhiv.[125] On 30 July, Ukrainian forces were able to break through Russian defensive lines in Huliaipole district, advancing towards the village of Pryiutne.[126] According to the Institute for the Study of War, the Ukrainian advances in Zaporizhzhia were "tactically significant", as they had forced Russia to divert some of its forces away from other parts of the front line, presenting further opportunities for a Ukrainian breakthrough.[127] Interviews with the 74th Battalion of the 102nd Brigade, stationed at Huliaipole, found them to be relatively optimistic about the progress of the counteroffensive.[128]

August 2023

Russian attempts to halt the Ukrainian advance persisted into August 2023, with continued shelling of front line towns, including Huliaipole, Zaliznychne and Kamianske, among others.[129] [130] [131] [132] [133] On 6 August, Russian forces attempted to advance in the area near Robotyne, but they were unsuccessful, and artillery shelling of Huliaipole continued.[134] During the subsequent Russian attacks against front line towns in Zaporizhzhia, Huliaipole was attacked 4 times by drones.[135] On 9 August, an MLRS attack against Huliaipole wounded two women and two men, who were taken to hospital in Zaporizhzhia city.[136] [137] On 13 August, Russian forces again attempted to retake ground near Robotyne, but were again unsuccessful.[138] On 17 August, Russian forces reported that they had repelled a Ukrainian attack on Dorozhnianka, 6 kilometres south of Huliaipole.[139]

Throughout the month, the bombardment of front line towns such as Huliaipole continued, with UAVs,[140] MLRS[141] and artillery.[142] [143] [144] [145] [146] [147] [148] [149] [150] Ukrainian police have extensively documented the results of the shelling in the region, in order to build a criminal case for war crimes charges.[151] On 19 August, an elderly woman was killed and an elderly man hospitalized during the Russian shelling of Huliaipole.[152] The following week, on 26 August, a man and a woman were injured in the Russian shelling of Huliaipole.[153] On 27 August, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy publicly thanked Sergeant Yevhen Puzanov and Captain Oleh Novokhatko of the State Emergency Service for their service in Huliaipole, which he reported had saved lives.[154]

September 2023

As Ukrainian forces continued their offensive in the direction of Melitopol and repelled attacks against Robotyne, Russian artillery and mortar attacks were carried out against Huliaipole.[155] During the Russian shelling of frontline towns in Zaporizhzhia, on 26 September, an elderly man was killed and a 64-year-old woman injured in Huliaipole and Plavni.[156] Russian forces attempted to retake their positions at Chervone, while shelling Huliaipole with artillery and mortars.[157] On 30 September, Huliaipole continued to undergo artillery and mortar shelling.[158]

October 2023

On 7 October, Russian forces launched 113 attacks on frontline towns of Zaporizhzhia, including Huliaipole.[159] Artillery and mortar fire against Huliaipole continued the following day.[160] Having restructured the Southern Group of Forces, on 9 October, Russian forces initiated a limited offensive operation against Huliaipole.[161] A Russian battalion was reported to have advanced towards Huliaipole by hundreds of meters, while simultaneous offensives were carried out by Russian forces throughout the Zaporizhzhia contact line.[162] A 62-year-old woman was injured during Russian air strikes and rocket bombardment against the city.[163] [164] Huliaipole continued to sustained mortar and artillery fire as Russian forces attempted to retake their positions near Robotyne.[165] [166] [167]

As further artillery and UAV strikes were carried out against the city, inspections found that 44% of shelters in the Zaporizhzhia region had been made inoperable by the consistent bombardment.[168] On 27 October, the United Nations reported that it had delivered a convoy of humanitarian aid to Huliaipole, supplying the city with medicine, hygienic products and shelter kits. UN official Stéphane Dujarric reported that it was that year's 13th humanitarian convoy to Zaporizhzhia Oblast.[169] That same day, Yuriy Malashko reported that there had been Russian drone attacks against the city and other frontline settlements,[170] followed by artillery shelling on 30 October.[171] On 31 October, Huliaipole was again shelled with artillery and mortars as Russia again unsuccessfully attempted to regain its positions near Robotyne.[172]

November 2023

As Ukrainian forces advanced on the front towards Melitopol on 4 November, Huliaipole was hit by Russian artillery and mortar attacks.[173] On 9 November, Russian forces attempted to conduct counter-offensive operations along the Zaporizhzhia front, but were repelled by Ukrainian forces;[174] Huliaipole continued to be hit by artillery and mortar fire.[175] Although shelling of Huliaipole and other front line towns continued,[176] by 23 November, Russian forces had halted their offensive operations on the Zaporizhzhia front.[177] On 25 November, the artillery and mortar shelling of Ukrainian front line towns continued.[178] The following day, they again paused their offensive operations in Zaporizhzhia.[179] Artillery shelling of front line towns continued through the subsequent days, with UAVs being deployed to attack Huliaipole.[180] On 28 November, Russian forces continued to shell Huliaipole.[181] [182]

Stalemate

December 2023

By December 2023, Ukrainian commander-in-chief Valerii Zaluzhnyi had declared the Ukrainian counteroffensive to have resulted in a stalemate, although this was rebuffed by Ukrainian president Zelenskyy.[183] As offensive actions slowed, the Centre for Eastern Studies reported that Huliaipole, along with Orikhiv, Polohy, Tokmak and Vasylivka, had experienced the most environmental degradation on the southern frontline through Zaporizhzhia Oblast.[184] Huliaipole and other Ukrainian-held frontline towns were shelled by Russian artillery on 10 December.[185] Shelling intensified over the subsequent week, with Huliaipole being hit by both UAV and artillery strikes.[186] [187] As Ukrainian forces repelled Russian attacks along the Zaporizhzhia front on 16 December, artillery and mortar shelling of Huliaipole continued,[188] damaging a residential building.[189] Russian MLRS and UAV attacks were carried out against Huliaipole and other frontline towns over the following day, damaging infrastructure and injuring two civilians in nearby Huliapilske.[190] Further artillery shelling destroyed residential buildings and infrastructure,[191] [192] [193] while Ukrainian forces continued to repel Russian attacks.[194]

On 23 December, Russian attempts to push Ukrainian forces out of their positions on the Zaporizhzhia front line were unsuccessful; shelling of Huliaipole with artillery and mortars continued,[195] followed by UAV strikes that damaged residential buildings and civilian infrastructure.[196] On 24 December, Ukrainian forces repelled an attack against Huliaipole by Russian forces, which intensified shelling of the city with artillery and mortar fire.[197] [198] Another Russian attack against Huliaipole was repelled on 25 December.[199] [200] Artillery and mortar shelling continued as further Russian attacks on the front line were repelled.[201] On 29 December, Russian forces confirmed that they had initiated a counteroffensive in the eastern part of Zaporizhzhia Oblast. Geolocation confirmed the Russian capture of Dorozhnianka, a town immediately south of Huliaipole.[202] UAV attacks against Huliaipole continued into the end of the month.[203]

Humanitarian impact and war crimes investigations

Huliaipole has endured "months of relentless attacks" during the battle. By November 2022, having faced constant shelling for eight months, the coming winter became a concern for the people of Huliaipole, which was beginning to face negative temperature. As the city no longer had electricity, food was cooked over open fires and water was drawn from wells. Volunteer aid workers distributed warm clothing and food to the locals, who Reuters reported were sheltering from the shelling together in cramped basements.[204] Huliaipole and Orikhiv have both received aid packages from non-governmental organization such as Slava Ukraini, whose volunteers came under mortar fire during one of their dispatches.[205]

In late January 2023, Huliaipole's historic synagogue was damaged in a Russian missile attack. This prompted condemnation from Israeli politician Ze'ev Elkin, whose family is originally from the city,[206] [207] as well as Ukraine's Chief Rabbi Moshe Reuven Azman.[208] [209]

Throughout the attacks against Huliaipole, aid agencies under the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHR) sent supply convoys to the city on 5 February 2023, bringing relief supplies including water bottles, as the city had been lacking drinking water since the war began.[210] On 8 April 2023, two civilians were injured in Russian airstrikes on Orikhiv and Huliaipole, which also damaged agricultural and residential buildings in the cities. In response, the Security Service of Ukraine initiated a pre-trial investigation into alleged Russian war crimes in Zaporizhzhia Oblast.[211] On 11 April, after a guided missile hit Huliaipole, damaging civilian infrastructure, Zaporizhzhia governor Yuriy Malashko recommended that city's residents limit any visits to cemeteries and announced that restrictions on civilian activity would be introduced during Holy Week.[212] In total, four guarded aerial bombs hit Orikhiv and Huliaipole over the course of that day.[213] Andriy Yermak, the head of the Ukrainian Coordination Headquarters for Humanitarian and Social Affairs, also announced that the damage caused to the cities was being assessed.[214]

On 22 May, Ukrainian volunteers of the Unity of People organization announced that they had set up a shelter which they called an "invincibility point" in Huliaipole, providing food, electricity and hot water for the town's remaining residents.[215] Facing artillery strikes every few hours, Huliaipole's residents have come to avoid the mostly-destroyed city centre, largely keeping to their basement shelters.[216] Viktor Mirzenyi, a resident who fled the city after he was permanently disabled by a mortar strike on his home, says that he and his mother talk often of returning "but there is nothing there, no water, no electricity, nothing left."[217]

By June 2023, electricity, water, and gas services were completely absent. The town has "emptied out", with only approximately 100 mostly elderly residents remaining in the town that had a pre-war population of 12,000.[218] A hospital was also destroyed the same month.[219] According to British journalist Colin Freeman, writing for The Telegraph, "Huliaipole makes a fair claim to be one of the most war-ravaged [towns] in Ukraine".[220] Al Jazeera journalist Alex Gatopoulos reported that the city's residents and its aid infrastructure were largely kept in basements: "life for the people who have remained [in Huliaipole] has moved underground."[221] By February 2024, there were no more buildings left in the city that could provide adequate cover from Russian shelling, with almost all of the city's houses having been damaged or destroyed. The remaining social centre of Huliaipole is a crowded bomb shelter, where electricity is provided by a generator and residents store their basic necessities, known as the "Point of Invincibility".[222]

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: 17 May 2022 . Under the Russian boot: how citizens of Polohy live through hell of occupation . Ukraine Crisis Media Center . 9 July 2022.
  2. News: Gibbons-Neff . Thomas . Yermak . Natalia . 30 March 2022 . 'Like Living in a Horror Movie': A Ukraine Town Dying a Slow Death . New York Times . 31 March 2022.
  3. News: Ukraine says counterattack northwest of Mariupol recaptures two villages from Russian forces . 27 March 2022 . CNN . 27 March 2022 . en.
  4. Web site: Huliaipole. Where one man is an island. 10 May 2022. 16 June 2022. Natalia. Zvorygina. Ukraine Crisis Media Center.
  5. News: Zaporizhzhia Military Administration: Russian troops concentrate efforts on Huliaipole. Olha. Hlushchenko. 25 April 2022. 26 April 2022. Ukrayinska Pravda.
  6. Web site: Russian invaders shoot nearly two dozen of their own cars in Zaporizhzhya Oblast to avoid going to the front . 9 May 2022. 20 May 2022. The New Voice of Ukraine.
  7. Web site: Enemy attacks Huliaipole from artillery and aircraft. 6 May 2022. 20 May 2022. Ukrinform.
  8. Web site: How a team of US and Canadian surgeons try to repair faces shattered by war in Ukraine . David. McKenzie. Ghazi. Balkiz. Maria. Avdeeva. CNN. 31 March 2023. 27 April 2023.
  9. Web site: Mayor of Huliaipole urges people to evacuate to safer places in Ukraine . 11 May 2022. 20 May 2022. The New Voice of Ukraine.
  10. Web site: Residential houses damaged and destroyed in Russia's shelling of Huliaipole. Ukrinform. 15 May 2022. 20 May 2022.
  11. Web site: In Huliaipole, the occupiers damaged residential buildings as a result of an armed attack. 15 May 2022. 20 May 2022. Ukrayinska Pravda.
  12. Web site: Occupiers Destroy Road Between Polohy And Huliaipole. Roman. Vaniyan. Ukrainian News Agency. 16 May 2022. 20 May 2022.
  13. Web site: In Zaporizhzhya, the Russian invaders blew up the road between Huliaipole and Polohy. 16 May 2022. 20 May 2022. Television Service of News.
  14. Web site: President Zelensky presents Golden Star Orders to families of fallen Heroes of Ukraine. 29 August 2022. 30 August 2022. Ukrinform.
  15. Web site: Russia fires on Huliaipole in Zaporizhzhia Oblast using MLRS. Olha. Hlushchenko. 4 June 2022. 5 June 2022. Ukrayinska Pravda.
  16. Web site: Occupiers Withdrawing Troops From Part Of Zaporizhzhia Region - Starukh. Dasha. Zubkova. 7 June 2022. 8 June 2022. Ukrainian News Agency.
  17. Web site: Russian armed aggression affects over 751 children in Ukraine. 9 June 2022. 9 June 2022. Ukrinform.
  18. Web site: Russia Fills Ukraine Meatpacking Plant With Bodies of Dead Soldiers. Zoe. Strozewski. Newsweek. 9 June 2022. 9 June 2022.
  19. Web site: There was an attempt to unblock Azovstal: details of the operation and why it didn't work out. Iryna. Balachuk. 9 June 2022. 9 June 2022. Ukrayinska Pravda.
  20. Web site: Russians launch air strikes on settlements in Zaporizhzhia region. 14 June 2022. 14 June 2022. Ukrinform.
  21. Web site: AFU Holding Sievierodonetsk. General Staff Operational Update. Tanya. Gerasimova. 14 June 2022. 14 June 2022. Ukrainian News Agency.
  22. Web site: Russian Military Fails To Tie Down Actions Of AFU In 8 Settlements - General Staff. Dasha. Zubkova. Ukrainian News Agency. 16 June 2022. 16 June 2022.
  23. Web site: Russians trying to improve tactical position in Bakhmut direction. 16 June 2022. 16 June 2022. Ukrinform.
  24. Web site: AFU Repulse Invaders Offensive In 6 Directions. Tanya. Gerasimova. 16 June 2022. 18 June 2022. Ukrainian News Agency.
  25. Web site: 'A shot went through my cheek': the human cost of Ukraine's defence. Dan. Sabbagh. Dan Sabbagh. Dnipro. The Guardian. 18 June 2022. 18 June 2022.
  26. Web site: Russia fires on residential buildings in Huliaipole, wounding several. 19 June 2022. 20 June 2022. The New Voice of Ukraine.
  27. Web site: Russians fire at Huliaipole community: Houses, shop and oil mill damaged. Ukrinform. 19 June 2022. 20 June 2022.
  28. Web site: Six Russians dead, one captured after enemy tries to get into Ukrainian Army's rear. Ukrinform. 28 June 2022. 8 July 2022.
  29. Web site: Russian missiles destroy 600 hectares of grain in one day in the Zaporizhzhia region. 13 July 2022. 16 July 2022. Ukrainska Pravda.
  30. Web site: RF troops conduct no attacks in 3 directions – General Staff. Roman. Vaniyan. 14 July 2022. 16 July 2022. Ukrainian News Agency.
  31. Web site: Enemy regrouping troops in Zaporizhzhia direction – General Staff. Roman. Vaniyan. Ukrainian News Agency. 1 August 2022. 2 August 2022.
  32. Web site: Russian forces shell Huliaipole with Grad MLRS, casualties reported. 19 July 2022. 24 July 2022. Ukrinform.
  33. Web site: Over 1,000 detached houses damaged by Russian projectiles in Huliaipole. 21 July 2022. 24 July 2022. Ukrinform.
  34. Web site: Enemy advancing on Bakhmut and Avdiyivka – General Staff. Roman. Vaniyan. Ukrainian News Agency. 5 August 2022. 5 August 2022.
  35. Web site: Ukraine Army repulses enemy attacks in several directions, battles continue near Pisky, Kodema. 12 August 2022. 12 August 2022. Ukrinform.
  36. Web site: Russian troops tried to advance in Donbas and in direction of Zaporizhzhia, fighting continues. Roman. Vaniyan. Ukrainian News Agency. 15 August 2022. 16 August 2022.
  37. Web site: Enemy wanted to break through Ukrainian defense lines in Kharkiv region. 17 August 2022. 22 August 2022. Ukrinform.
  38. Web site: Ukrainian defenders forced enemy to retreat in four directions. 21 August 2022. 22 August 2022. Ukrinform.
  39. Web site: Ukrainian defenders forced enemy to retreat in four directions. 21 August 2022. 24 August 2022. Ukrinform.
  40. Web site: Six settlements come under enemy fire in Zaporizhzhia Region. 22 August 2022. 24 August 2022. Ukrinform.
  41. Web site: Russians strike Zaporizhzhia with Kh-22 missile, several houses destroyed. 28 August 2022. 29 August 2022. Ukrinform.
  42. Web site: Ukrainian forces repel Russian attacks in six directions. 29 August 2022. 29 August 2022. Ukrinform.
  43. Web site: Armed Forces of Ukraine repulse enemy troops in five directions. 30 August 2022. 30 August 2022. Ukrinform.
  44. Web site: Ukrainian Armed Forces repel Russian attacks near 7 settlements. Kateryna. Tyshchenko. Ukrainska Pravda. 2 October 2022. 5 October 2022.
  45. Web site: Russians lose about 60 people near Zolote. Kateryna. Tyshchenko. Ukrainska Pravda. 1 October 2022. 5 October 2022.
  46. Web site: Ukrainian army repels attacks of Russian occupiers near 5 settlements. Stanislav. Pohorilov. Ukrainska Pravda. 3 October 2022. 5 October 2022.
  47. Web site: Dispatches from Ukraine. Wednesday, October 5. Day 224. Polina. Rasskazova. Katya. Soldak. Russia's War On Ukraine: News And Information From Ukraine. Forbes. 0015-6914. 5 October 2022. 6 October 2022.
  48. Web site: Russians hit Huliaipole in Zaporizhzhia Oblast with rockets: Hromada deputy head and head of utility service killed. Iryna. Balachuk. Ukrainska Pravda. 5 October 2022. 9 October 2022.
  49. Web site: Ukraine Army destroys enemy S-300 missile system near Zaporizhzhia region's Tokmak. Ukrinform. 5 October 2022. 5 October 2022.
  50. Web site: AFU Destroy 2 Enemy Air Defense Systems And Repel Attacks In Areas Of 10 Settlements. Dasha. Zubkova. Ukrainian News Agency. 5 October 2022. 5 October 2022.
  51. Web site: Two schools destroyed by Russian missiles in Zaporizhzhia region. Ukrinform. 16 October 2022. 18 October 2022.
  52. Web site: AFU inflict significant losses on occupiers in Zaporizhzhia. Roman. Vaniyan. Ukrainian News Agency. 17 October 2022. 18 October 2022.
  53. Web site: Russians target infrastructure facility near Zaporizhzhia, 8 people injured in Orikhiv. Olena. Roshchina. Ukrainska Pravda. 19 October 2022. 20 October 2022.
  54. Web site: Ivan Fedorov, Mayor of Melitopol: 'City services should have been ordered to destroy bridges'. Ukrinform. 5 November 2022. 6 November 2022.
  55. Web site: Invaders attack Zaporizhzhia region with S-300 missiles. Ukrinform. 7 November 2022. 8 November 2022.
  56. Web site: Enemy fortifying positions in Zaporizhzhia region, on left bank of Kherson region. Ukrinform. 10 November 2022. 11 November 2022.
  57. Web site: Ukrainian forces eliminating Wagner mercenaries near Bakhmut. Ukrinform. 10 November 2022. 12 November 2022.
  58. Web site: Enemy shells civil infrastructure in Zaporizhzhia region. Ukrinform. 12 November 2022. 12 November 2022.
  59. Web site: Ukrainian territorial defense forces destroy four Russian APCs near Huliaipole. Ukrinform. 12 November 2022. 13 November 2022.
  60. Web site: AFU Repel Attacks On 7 Sites In Donbas And Eliminated 160 Occupiers In Zaporizhzhia. Dasha. Dubkova. Ukrainian News Agency. 20 November 2022. 21 November 2022.
  61. Web site: Ukraine's Armed Forces repel attacks near 7 settlements and hit Russian command post. Olha. Hlushchenko. Ukrainska Pravda. 20 November 2022. 21 November 2022.
  62. Web site: The Armed Forces of Ukraine repelled Russian attacks in Luhansk and Donetsk regions. Kateryna. Tyshchenko. Ukrainska Pravda. 20 November 2022. 21 November 2022.
  63. Web site: Change in direction of movement of Russian equipment, manpower from Mariupol, says mayoral advisor. 21 November 2022. 28 November 2022. The New Voice of Ukraine. Mark. Didenko.
  64. Web site: Ukrainian Armed Forces repel Russian attacks near 13 settlements, striking critical Russian targets. Olha. Hlushchenko. 22 November 2022. 28 November 2022. Ukrainska Pravda.
  65. Web site: Russian invaders hit aid distribution point in Orikhiv, Zaporizhzhia Oblast, one social worker killed. 22 November 2022. 28 November 2022. Stanislav. Pohorilov. Ukrainska Pravda.
  66. Web site: Russians prepare reinforced concrete in Crimea and defend themselves on several fronts. 24 November 2022. 28 November 2022. Ukrainska Pravda. Olena. Roshchina.
  67. Web site: Russian army regroups to reinforce units on three fronts. 26 November 2022. 28 November 2022. Ukrainska Pravda. Olena. Roshchina.
  68. Web site: Defense Forces Repel Enemy Attacks Near 8 Settlements. 26 November 2022. 28 November 2022. Ukrainian News Agency. Tanya. Herasymova.
  69. Web site: Invaders Regrouping To Strengthen In 3 Directions. 27 November 2022. 28 November 2022. Ukrainian News Agency. Tanya. Herasymova.
  70. News: After Kherson, Ukraine's military ponders new push south and east. Samantha. Schmidt. Serhii. Korolchuk. The Washington Post. 3 December 2022. 20 December 2022.
  71. Web site: Movement Of Russian Military Equipment Towards Donetsk Recorded In Mariupol. 2 December 2022. 20 December 2022. Ukrainian News Agency. Tanya. Herasimova.
  72. Web site: Ukrainian Troops May Be Massing For Their Fourth Counteroffensive. Russian Artillery Is Already Trying To Stop Them. David. Axe. Forbes. 12 December 2022. 20 December 2022.
  73. Web site: Damaged cultural sites in Ukraine verified by UNESCO. 12 December 2022. 20 December 2022. Alexandre. Larcan. UNESCO.
  74. Web site: General staff: Russia amassing additional troops near occupied Melitopol. 19 December 2022. 20 December 2022. Kyiv Independent.
  75. Web site: Russians shell Zaporizhzhia region's Huliaipole with incendiary munitions. 14 January 2023. 2 February 2023. Ukrinform.
  76. Web site: Russians are on defensive on three fronts. 15 January 2023. 2 February 2023. Ukrainska Pravda. Kateryna. Tyshchenko.
  77. Web site: Ukrainian forces hit command post, strike enemy positions . 18 January 2023. 2 February 2023. Ukrinform.
  78. Web site: Germany 'would not stand in way' of Poland sending tanks to Ukraine, says minister. Daniel. Boffey. Kyiv. The Guardian. 22 January 2023. 2 February 2023.
  79. Web site: Ukraine war latest: Congressmen call to give Ukraine Abrams tanks to ensure delivery of German Leopards. Kyiv Independent. 22 January 2023. 2 February 2023. Asami. Terajima.
  80. Web site: The Russians have surrounded Bakhmut. Day 333 of the war. Andrzej. Wilk. Piotr. Żochowski. 23 January 2023. 2 February 2023. Centre for Eastern Studies.
  81. Web site: Leopards and Abrams for Ukraine. Day 336 of the war. Andrzej. Wilk. Piotr. Żochowski. 26 January 2023. 2 February 2023. Centre for Eastern Studies.
  82. Web site: Russia is preparing for offensive on certain fronts. Tetiana. Lozovenko. 1 February 2023. 28 February 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  83. Web site: Russians regroup and advance on 5 fronts. 4 February 2023. 28 February 2023. Ukrainska Pravda. Kateryna. Tyshchenko.
  84. Web site: Failed Russian offensive, destroyed UAVs and important Russian facility. Olena. Roshchina. 23 February 2023. 28 February 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  85. Web site: Ukraine's Defence Forces repel 70 Russian attacks. Ukrainska Pravda. 26 February 2023. 28 February 2023.
  86. Web site: Enemy Attacks From Ground And Air. AFU Repel More Than 70 Attacks By Russians. Tanya. Herasymova. Ukrainian News Agency. 26 February 2023. 28 February 2023.
  87. Web site: Frontline City Braces for 'Decisive' Attack on Putin's Army. Sam. Skove. The Daily Beast. 14 March 2023. 29 March 2023.
  88. Web site: Russia-Ukraine war at a glance: what we know on day 425 of the invasion. Martin. Belam. Peter. Beaumont. Harry. Taylor. The Guardian. 24 April 2023. 27 April 2023.
  89. Web site: Occupiers flood fields in Zaporizhzhia Oblast and mine dams. Iryan. Balachuk. 19 May 2023. 29 May 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  90. Web site: Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 4, 2023. Riley. Bailey. Grace. Mappes. Nicole. Wolkov. Kateryna. Stepanenko. George. Barros. Fredrick W. . Kagan. 4 June 2023. 28 June 2023. Institute for the Study of War.
  91. Web site: Ukrainian offensive is 'taking place in several directions,' says official. Nathan. Hodge. Sebastian. Shukla. Olga. Voitovych. Sana. Noor Haq. CNN. 5 June 2023. 28 June 2023.
  92. Web site: Governor of Zaporizhzhia: 'Regaining ground from the Russians up to the sea is going to be very difficult'. Luis. de Vega. El País. 19 June 2023. 28 June 2023.
  93. Web site: Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 6, 2023. Karolina. Hird. Riley. Bailey. Kateryna. Stepanenko. Nicole. Wolkov. George. Barros. Fredrick W.. Kagan. 6 June 2023. 28 June 2023. Institute for the Study of War.
  94. Web site: Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 7, 2023. Kateryna. Stepanenko. Karolina. Hird. Grace . Mappes. Nicole. Wolkov. George. Barros. Fredrick W.. Kagan. 7 June 2023. 28 June 2023. Institute for the Study of War.
  95. Web site: Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 9, 2023. Riley. Bailey. Kateryna. Stepanenko. Grace. Mappes. Nicole. Wolkov. Annika. Ganzeveld. Mason. Clark. Institute for the Study of War. 9 June 2023. 28 June 2023.
  96. Web site: Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 10, 2023. Riley. Bailey. Grace. Mappes. Karolina. Hird. Mason. Clark. 10 June 2023. Institute for the Study of War. 28 June 2023.
  97. Web site: Ukraine war: 'Extremely fierce battles' as Kyiv seeks to advance. Matt. Murphy. James. Lansdale. 15 June 2023. BBC News. 28 June 2023.
  98. Web site: ERR Ukraine: Every meter liberated means less fighting. Marcus. Turovski. Eesti Rahvusringhääling. 2 July 2023. 28 July 2023.
  99. Web site: Ukraine's forces advance on 2 fronts, destroy 18 Russian artillery units. Ukrainska Pravda. Stanislav. Pohorilov. 4 July 2023. 28 July 2023.
  100. Web site: Russian attacks kill 9, injure 34 over past day. Martin. Fornusek. 4 July 2023. 28 July 2023. Kyiv Independent.
  101. Web site: Russian invaders focusing primary efforts in four areas of front. 7 July 2023. 28 July 2023. New Voice of Ukraine.
  102. Web site: Russians kill civilians in Toretsk and Huliaipole. 7 July 2023. 28 July 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  103. Web site: Over 30 combat clashes between Ukrainians and Russians in one day. 9 July 2023. 28 July 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  104. Web site: Russians dropped aerial bomb on Orikhiv during distribution of humanitarian aid, killing 4 people. Iryna. Balachuk. 10 July 2023. 28 July 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  105. Web site: Death toll rises after recent Russian attack on Orikhiv. Yevhen. Kizilov. 10 July 2023. 28 July 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  106. Web site: Rescue operations completed in Orikhiv: there are 7 dead. Tetiana. Lozovenko. 10 July 2023. 28 July 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  107. Web site: Fierce fighting continues on 5 eastern fronts. Iryna. Balachuk. 12 July 2023. 28 July 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  108. Web site: Ukrainian defenders repel all Russian attacks near Berkhivka and Pervomaiske. Olha. Hlushchenko. 14 July 2023. 28 July 2023.
  109. Web site: Defence Forces hold back Russian offensive near Marinka. Olha. Hlushchenko. 15 July 2023. 28 July 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  110. Web site: Russia's generals frustrated. Day 505 of the war. 14 July 2023. 28 July 2023. Andrzej. Wilk. Piotr. Żochowski. Centre for Eastern Studies.
  111. Web site: War update: Heavy fighting rages in five areas, Ukrainian forces hit enemy ammunition depot. Ukrinform. 17 July 2023. 28 July 2023.
  112. Web site: Woman killed in Russian attack on Zaporizhzhia Oblast. Alona. Mazurenko. 18 July 2023. 28 July 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  113. Web site: Russians fire missiles on Zaporizhzhia outskirts three times at night. Olena. Roshchina. 19 July 2023. 28 July 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  114. Web site: Second successful attack on the Crimean Bridge. Day 509 of the war. Jakub. Ber. Piotr. Żochowski. 18 July 2023. 28 July 2023. Centre for Eastern Studies.
  115. Web site: Ukraine: No water, no electricity, but life goes on in Huliaipole's damaged buildings. 20 July 2023. 28 July 2023. Yeni Şafak.
  116. Web site: Russian attack near Huliaipole: 4 employees of agricultural business killed . 21 July 2023. 28 July 2023. Ukrainska Pravda. Oleksandr. Shumilin.
  117. Web site: Russian army shells Huliaipole, killing four employees of agricultural enterprise. 21 July 2023. 28 July 2023. Ukrinform.
  118. Web site: Ukraine war latest: Russia tries to conduct sabotage raids in Sumy, Chernihiv oblasts. 22 July 2023. 28 July 2023. Kyiv Independent. Alexander. Query.
  119. Web site: War update: Fierce battles raging in five directions with 35 combat clashes reported in past day. 24 July 2023. 28 July 2023. Ukrinform.
  120. Web site: About 35 combat clashes with Russians occur in one day. 24 July 2023. 28 July 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  121. Web site: Armed Forces Of Ukraine Made Serious Progress In Berdyansk Direction. 24 July 2023. 28 July 2023. Charter 97.
  122. Web site: Ukrainian defenders repel all Russian attacks near Avdiivka under dense fire. 26 July 2023. 28 July 2023. Ukrainska Pravda. Olha. Hlushchenko.
  123. Web site: AFU repels Russian attacks near Avdiyivka. Roman. Vaniyan. 26 July 2023. 28 July 2023. Ukrainian News Agency.
  124. Web site: War update: Ukrainian aircraft launch nine strikes on enemy targets. 28 July 2023. 28 July 2023. Ukrinform.
  125. Web site: Zaporizhzhia Oblast: 79 attacks in a day, 2 people injured in airstrike on Orikhiv. 26 July 2023. 28 July 2023. Ukrainska Pravda. Olena. Roshchina.
  126. Web site: Ukrainian Forces Make Break Through Near Priyutne Advancing Towards Berdiansk. 30 July 2023. 29 August 2023. Charter 97.
  127. Web site: Ukraine Makes 'Tactically Significant' Progress in Its Counteroffensive. https://web.archive.org/web/20230821114303/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/12/world/europe/russia-ukraine-war.html. 21 August 2023. Marc. Santora. The New York Times. 12 August 2023. 29 August 2023.
  128. Web site: Strategy, sea drones, resolve all mean Ukraine can win. Butler Eagle. Trudy. Rubin. 22 August 2023. 29 August 2023.
  129. Web site: Ukraine's forces hit Russian air defence systems, 2 EW stations and 2 clusters of personnel. Kateryna. Tyshchenko. 30 July 2023. 29 August 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  130. Web site: Russians try to regain lost positions in Staromaiorske. 31 July 2023. 29 August 2023. Ukrainska Pravda. Tetiana. Lozovenko.
  131. Web site: Situation at front aggravating. 40 combat encounters with enemy registered. Roman. Vaniyan. 1 August 2023. 29 August 2023.
  132. Web site: Russia attempts to regain lost ground on southern front. Serge. Havrylets. 2 August 2023. 29 August 2023. Euromaidan Press.
  133. Web site: Ukrainian defenders strike 12 clusters of Russian manpower. 4 August 2023. Ukrainska Pravda. 29 August 2023. Olha. Hlushchenko.
  134. Web site: Ukraine's Defence Forces hold back Russian offensive in east and advance in south. Kateryna. Tyshchenko. 6 August 2023. 29 August 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  135. Web site: Russian forces attack Zaporizhzhia Oblast, killing and wounding people. Iryna. Balachuk. 8 August 2023. 29 August 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  136. Web site: Russian attack on Zaporizhzhia: Death toll rises. Iryna. Balachuk. 10 August 2023. 29 August 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  137. Web site: Three killed, nine injured, incl 11-month-old child from attack on Zaporizhia reported. 10 August 2023. 29 August 2023. Interfax-Ukraine.
  138. Web site: Russians unsuccessfully try to regain lost positions on three fronts. 13 August 2023. 29 August 2023. Ukrainska Pravda. Kateryna. Tyshchenko.
  139. Web site: Bailey . Riley . Mappes . Grace . Evans . Angelica . Harward . Christina . Kagan . Frederick W. . Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, August 17, 2023 . 18 August 2023 . Institute for the Study of War.
  140. Web site: Russian troops shell 24 settlements in Zaporizhzhia region in past day. Ukrinform. 14 August 2023. 29 August 2023.
  141. Web site: Russians attack Zaporizhzhia Oblast with drones, injuring civilian. 20 August 2023. 29 August 2023. Ukrainska Pravda. Roman. Petrenko.
  142. Web site: Russian large-scale missile attack on 7 Ukrainian oblasts: 3 killed, fires, much destruction. 15 August 2023. 29 August 2023. Ukrainska Pravda. Iryna. Balachuk.
  143. Web site: Russians inflict 100 strikes in Zaporizhia region over day – administration. 16 August 2023. 29 August 2023. Interfax-Ukraine.
  144. Web site: Russians shell Zaporizhzhia region 80 times in 24 hours, causing destruction. 17 August 2023. 29 August 2023. Ukrinform.
  145. Web site: 33 combat clashes with Russians over last 24 hours. 18 August 2023. 29 August 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  146. Web site: Enemy shells Zaporizhzhia region 92 times in past day. One civilian killed, two injured . 21 August 2023. Ukrinform. 29 August 2023.
  147. Web site: Russians land airstrikes on Robotyne and Urozhaine, 26 combat clashes in one day. 22 August 2023. 29 August 2023. Ukrainska Pravda. Stanislav. Pohorilov.
  148. Web site: Over 30 combat clashes between Russian and Ukrainian forces over past 24 hours. 23 August 2023. Ukrainska Pravda. 29 August 2023.
  149. Web site: Ukrainian and Russian forces clashed over 40 times over past day. Ukrainska Pravda. 26 August 2023. 29 August 2023.
  150. Web site: Enemy conduct 104 attacks in Zaporizhzhia region. 28 August 2023. Ukrinform. 29 August 2023.
  151. Web site: Police show aftermath of Russian attacks on Zaporizhzhia region. 26 August 2023. 29 August 2023. Ukrinform.
  152. Web site: Russia's shelling of Huliaipole in Zaporizhzhia Oblast kills 1, injures 1. 19 August 2023. 29 August 2023. Kyiv Independent.
  153. Web site: One killed, four injured as Russians launch 89 attacks on Zaporizhzhia region. 27 August 2023. Ukrinform. 29 August 2023.
  154. Web site: Decisions to be made this week that will strengthen Ukrainian warriors – Head of State. 27 August 2023. 29 August 2023. Ukrinform.
  155. Web site: Ukraine repels Russian attacks on Bakhmut, Marinka, Melitopol axes. 24 September 2023. 2 November 2023. Ukrinform.
  156. Web site: Russian attacks kill 9, injure 13 in Ukraine over past day. Dinara. Khalilova. 26 September 2023. Kyiv Independent. 2 November 2023.
  157. Web site: Russians increase density of mine-explosive barriers on Bakhmut front. Olena. Roshchina. 28 September 2023. 2 November 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  158. Web site: Russians increase number of minefields in Donetsk Oblast. Roman. Petrenko. 30 September 2023. 2 November 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  159. Web site: One woman killed in Russia shelling of Zaporizhzhia oblast. Vivian. Ho. 7 October 2023. The Guardian. 2 November 2023.
  160. Web site: Ukraine's defence forces continue to advance on 2 fronts – General Staff report. Kateryna. Tyshchenko. 8 October 2023. 2 November 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  161. Web site: Ukrainian counteroffensive continues near Klishchiyivka and Andriyivka on Bakhmut Axis – ISW. Roman. Vaniyan. 10 October 2023. 2 November 2023. Ukrainian News Agency.
  162. Web site: Russia tries to spoil Ukraine's counteroffensive before winter. John. Psaropoulos. 11 October 2023. Al Jazeera. 2 November 2023.
  163. Web site: Russian attacks kill 5, injure 15 in Ukraine over past day. Dinara. Khalilova. 13 October 2023. 2 November 2023. Kyiv Independent.
  164. Web site: Russians launch 150 attacks on Zaporizhzhia region, woman injured. 13 October 2023. 2 November 2023. Ukrinform.
  165. Web site: Ukraine's defence forces hold the line on Avdiivka front, repelling 15 Russian assaults. Kateryna. Tyshchenko. 14 October 2023. 2 November 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  166. Web site: Situation on the front is heated, with 57 clashes between Ukrainian and Russian forces over the course of today. Kateryna. Tyshchenko. 15 October 2023. 2 November 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  167. Web site: 56 combat clashes occur between Ukrainian soldiers and invaders. General Staff operational update. Tetiana. Herasimova. 17 October 2023. 2 November 2023. Ukrainian News Agency.
  168. Web site: Russians shell Zaporizhzhia region 106 times in past day. 21 October 2023. 2 November 2023. Ukrinform.
  169. Web site: World News in Brief: Ukraine aid convoy, attacks in South Sudan, radioactive discharge update . 27 October 2023. 2 November 2023. United Nations.
  170. Web site: Russians launch 156 attacks on Zaporizhzhia region. 28 October 2023. Ukrinform. 2 November 2023.
  171. Web site: Russian army shells Zaporizhzhia region 148 times in past day. 31 October 2023. 2 November 2023. Ukrinform.
  172. Web site: Russia-Ukraine war: Frontline update as of October 31. Daria. Shekina. 31 October 2023. 2 November 2023. RBC-Ukraine.
  173. Web site: Ukraine's Armed Forces exhaust Russians, advancing on Melitopol and Bakhmut fronts. Roman. Petrenko. 4 November 2023. 29 November 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  174. Web site: Russians attack unsuccessfully on seven fronts, 55 combat clashes at front during day. Stanislav. Pohorilov. 9 November 2023. 29 November 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  175. Web site: Ukrainian forces repelled largest number of attacks on Marinka front today. Kateryna. Tyshchenko. 11 November 2023. 29 November 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  176. Web site: Russians launch 127 strikes on 22 towns, villages in Zaporizhzhia region. 23 November 2023. Ukrinform. 29 November 2023.
  177. Web site: Russia halts offensive operations on 3 fronts, but continues assaults near Avdiivka. Stanislav. Pohorilov. 23 November 2023. 29 November 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  178. Web site: Ukraine's Defence Forces hold positions on Dnipro's left bank in Kherson Oblast. Kateryna. Tyshchenko. Ukrainska Pravda. 25 November 2023. 29 November 2023.
  179. Web site: Russian forces undertake most attacks near Avdiivka. Kateryna. Tyshchenko.
  180. Web site: Twenty-three settlements in Zaporizhzhia region hit by Russian artillery, drones. 26 November 2023. Ukrinform. 29 November 2023.
  181. Web site: Ukraine's Defense Forces repel 50 attacks in five sectors. 28 November 2023. Ukrinform. 29 November 2023.
  182. Web site: Russia-Ukraine war: Frontline update as of November 28 . Daria. Shekina. 28 November 2023. RBC-Ukraine. 29 November 2023.
  183. Web site: Kyiv's political feuds cause cracks in Ukrainian unity. Christopher. Miller. 5 December 2023. Financial Times. 31 December 2023.
  184. Web site: At war with nature. The impact of the Russian invasion on Ukraine's natural environment. Ber. Jakub. 7 December 2023. 31 December 2023. Centre for Eastern Studies.
  185. Web site: Invaders shell Zaporizhzhia region 78 times on Sunday. 11 December 2023. 31 December 2023. Ukrinform.
  186. Web site: Enemy intensifies shelling of Zaporizhzhia region, over 150 attacks recorded in past day. 14 December 2023. Ukrinform. 31 December 2023.
  187. Web site: Russia carries out over 80 strikes on Zaporizhzhia Oblast over past day. Valentyna. Romanenko. 15 December 2023. 31 December 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  188. Web site: Russian forces carry out most assaults on Avdiivka front. Kateryna. Tyshchenko. 16 December 2023. 31 December 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  189. Web site: Enemy launches 107 strikes on Zaporizhzhia region over past day. 16 December 2023. 31 December 2023. Ukrinform.
  190. Web site: Russians increase number of attacks on Zaporizhzhia Oblast, civilians wounded. Roman. Petrenko. 17 December 2023. 31 December 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  191. Web site: Artillery, MLRS, drones: Russians strike Zaporizhzhia region almost 120 times. 18 December 2023. 31 December 2023. Ukrinform.
  192. Web site: Russians conduct 84 strikes on Zaporizhzhia Region on December 18. Roman. Vaniyan. Ukrainian News Agency. 19 December 2023. 31 December 2023.
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  202. Web site: ISW reports on advance of Ukrainian troops near Bakhmut. Ivashkiv. Olena. 29 December 2023. 31 December 2023. Ukrainska Pravda.
  203. Web site: Man killed as invaders launch 126 strikes on Zaporizhzhia region in past day. 31 December 2023. 31 December 2023. Ukrinform.
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  213. Web site: Russians shell Orikhiv, Huliaipole. 12 April 2023. 27 April 2023. Ukrinform.
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  220. News: Bomb-ravaged town turns to memory of Ukrainian anarchist for inspiration. Colin. Freeman. 4 October 2023. 31 October 2023. The Telegraph. 0307-1235.
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