Battle of Haydaran explained

Conflict:Battle of Haydaran
Place:Haydaran, Tunisia
Result:Decisive Hilalian victory[1] [2]
Date:14 April 1052
Combatant1:Banu Hilal
Combatant2:Zirid dynasty
Commander1:Unknown
Commander2:Al-Mu'izz ibn Badis
Partof:the Hilalian invasion of Ifriqiya
Strength1:3,000 cavalrymen
Strength2:30,000
Casualties1:Light
Casualties2:Heavy

The Battle of Haydaran or the Battle of Jabal Haydaran was an armed conflict which took place on 14 April 1052 between the Arab tribes of Banu Hilal and the Zirid dynasty in modern-day South-East Tunisia, it was part of the Hilalian invasion of Ifriqiya.[4] [5] [6]

Background

Since the Zirids declared independence from the Fatimids and recognised the Abbasids as caliphs in 972, relations have been strained between the two.[7] As retaliation, the Fatimids sent devastating Hilalian invasions into the Maghreb to punish the Zirids and Hammadids.[8] On the way to Ifriqiya, the Hilalians devastated Cyrenica in 1050.

Battle

The Hilalians and Zirids met in Haydaran in modern-day south-east Tunisia, it opposed 3,000 Arab cavalry of the Banu Hilal against the Zirid Emir Al-Mu'izz ibn Badis. The Hilalians, greatly outnumbered, decisively defeated the Sanhaja Zirids, forcing them to retreat, opening the road to Kairouan for the Hilalians, which would eventually be captured in 1057.[9]

Aftermath

As a result of the Hilalian victory, the Hilalians would eventually capture Kairouan in 1057,[2] forcing the Zirids to move their capital to Mahdia.The Hilalians would even expel the Zenatas from southern Ifriqiya. By the end of the invasion, the Zirids and Hammadids would lose most of their territory, being limited to a small coastal strip on the coast of Ifriqiya.The Hilalians would even expel the Zenatas from southern Ifriqiya. By the end of the invasion, the Zirids and Hammadids would lose most of their territory, being limited to a small coastal strip on the coast of Ifriqiya.

Notes and References

  1. Schuster. Gerald. Die Beduinen in der Vorgeschichte Tunesiens. Die " Invasion " der Banū Hilāl by Gerald Schuster. JSTOR. Brill. 487–492. 25651679.
  2. Idris. Hady Roger. 1968. L'invasion hilālienne et ses conséquences. Cahiers de civilisation médiévale. 11. 43. 353–369. 10.3406/ccmed.1968.1452. 0007-9731.
  3. Book: Abun-Nasr. Jamil M.. A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period. al-Naṣr. Ǧamīl M. Abū. Abun-Nasr. Abun-Nasr, Jamil Mirʻi. 1987-08-20. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-33767-0. 69. en.
  4. Schuster. Gerald. Die Beduinen in der Vorgeschichte Tunesiens. Die " Invasion " der Banū Hilāl by Gerald Schuster. JSTOR. Brill. 487–492. 25651679.
  5. Idris. Hady Roger. 1968. L'invasion hilālienne et ses conséquences. Cahiers de civilisation médiévale. 11. 43. 353–369. 10.3406/ccmed.1968.1452. 0007-9731.
  6. Book: Histoire générale de l'Afrique. 3, L'Afrique du VIIe au XIe siècle / M. El Fasi, codirecteur : I. Hrbek.. 1997. Présence africaine. Muḥammad Fāsī, Ivan Hrbek, Comité scientifique international pour la rédaction d'une Histoire générale de l'Afrique. 2-7087-0627-6. Ed. abrégée. Paris. 38223073.
  7. محمد كمال شبانة (1429 هـ - 2008م). الدويلات الإسلامية في المغرب: دراسة تاريخية حضارية. دار العالم العربي. Page 145.
  8. Book: Abun-Nasr. Jamil M.. A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period. al-Naṣr. Ǧamīl M. Abū. Abun-Nasr. Abun-Nasr, Jamil Mirʻi. 1987-08-20. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-33767-0. 69. en.
  9. Book: Abun-Nasr. Jamil M.. A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period. al-Naṣr. Ǧamīl M. Abū. Abun-Nasr. Abun-Nasr, Jamil Mirʻi. 1987-08-20. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-33767-0. 69. en.