Battle of Gettysburg order of battle: Union explained

The Union order of battle during the Battle of Gettysburg includes the American Civil War officers and men of the Army of the Potomac (multiple commander names indicate succession of command during the three-day battle (July 1–3, 1863)). Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the battle,[1] the casualty returns[2] and the reports.[3]

Abbreviations used

Military rank

Other

Army of the Potomac

See main article: Army of the Potomac. MG George G. Meade, Commanding

General Staff and Headquarters


General Staff:


General Headquarters:
Command of the Provost Marshal General: BG Marsena R. Patrick[4]


Guards and Orderlies:


Engineer Brigade: BG Henry W. Benham[6]

I Corps

See main article: I Corps (Union Army). MG John F. Reynolds (k) [7]
MG Abner Doubleday[8]
MG John Newton
General Headquarters:

DivisionBrigadeRegiments and Others
First Division

    BG James S. Wadsworth
1st Brigade
  BG Solomon Meredith (w)
  Col William W. Robinson
2nd Brigade
  BG Lysander Cutler
Second Division

    BG John C. Robinson
1st Brigade
  BG Gabriel R. Paul (w)
  Col Samuel H. Leonard (w)
  Col Adrian R. Root (w&c)
  Col Richard Coulter (w)
  Col Peter Lyle
  Col Richard Coulter
2nd Brigade
  BG Henry Baxter
Third Division

    MG Abner Doubleday
    BG Thomas A. Rowley
    
1st Brigade
  Col Chapman Biddle (w)
  BG Thomas A. Rowley (w)
2nd Brigade
  Col Roy Stone (w)
  Col Langhorne Wister (w)
  Col Edmund L. Dana
3rd Brigade[11]
  BG George J. Stannard (w)
  Col Francis V. Randall
Artillery Brigade
  Col Charles S. Wainwright

II Corps

See main article: II Corps (Union Army). MG Winfield S. Hancock[12] (w)
BG John Gibbon
BG William Hays
General Headquarters:

DivisionBrigadeRegiments and Others
First Division

    BG John C. Caldwell
1st Brigade
  Col Edward E. Cross (mw)
  Col H. Boyd McKeen
2nd Brigade
  Col Patrick Kelly
3rd Brigade
  BG Samuel K. Zook (mw July 2)
  Ltc Charles G. Freudenberg (w July 2)
  Col Richard P. Roberts (k)
  Ltc John Fraser
  • 52nd New York: Ltc Charles G. Freudenberg (w July 2), Maj Edward Venuti (k), Cpt William Scherrer
  • 57th New York: Ltc Alford B. Chapman
  • 66th New York: Col Orlando H. Morris (w), Ltc John S. Hammell (w), Maj Peter A. Nelson
  • 140th Pennsylvania: Col Richard P. Roberts, Ltc John Fraser, Maj Thomas Rodgers
4th Brigade
  Col John R. Brooke (w)
  • 27th Connecticut (2 companies): Ltc Henry C. Merwin (k), Maj James H. Coburn
  • 2nd Delaware: Col William P. Bailey (w July 2), Ltc David L. Stricker (w July 2), Cpt Charles H. Christman
  • 64th New York: Col Daniel G. Bingham (w), Maj Leman W. Bradley (w)
  • 53rd Pennsylvania: Ltc Richards McMichael
  • 145th Pennsylvania (7 companies): Col Hiram Loomis Brown (w July 2), Cpt John W. Reynolds (w July 2), Cpt Moses W. Oliver
Second Division

    BG John Gibbon (w)
    BG William Harrow
1st Brigade
  BG William Harrow
  Col Francis E. Heath (w)
2nd Brigade
  BG Alexander S. Webb (w)
3rd Brigade
  Col Norman J. Hall
unattached
Third Division



    BG Alexander Hays

1st Brigade
  Col Samuel S. Carroll
2nd Brigade
  Col Thomas A. Smyth (w)
  Ltc Francis E. Pierce
3rd Brigade
  Col George L. Willard (k)
  Col Eliakim Sherrill [18]
  Ltc James M. Bull
  Col Clinton D. MacDougall (w)
  Col Eliakim Sherrill (mw, July 3)
Artillery Brigade

  Cpt John G. Hazard

III Corps

See main article: III Corps (Union Army). MG Daniel E. Sickles (w)
MG David B. Birney (w)

DivisionBrigadeRegiments and Others
First Division

    MG David B. Birney
    BG J. H. Hobart Ward (w)
1st Brigade
  BG Charles K. Graham (w&c)
  Col Andrew H. Tippin [20]
  Col Henry J. Madill
2nd Brigade
  BG J. H. Hobart Ward
  Col Hiram Berdan
3rd Brigade
  Col P. Régis de Trobriand
Second Division


    BG Andrew A. Humphreys

1st Brigade [23]
  BG Joseph B. Carr (w)
2nd Brigade
  Col William R. Brewster
3rd Brigade
  Col George C. Burling
Artillery Brigade
  Cpt George E. Randolph (w)
  Cpt A. Judson Clark

V Corps

See main article: V Corps (Union Army). MG George Sykes

General Headquarters:

DivisionBrigadeRegiments and Others
First Division


    BG James Barnes (w)

1st Brigade
  Col William S. Tilton
2nd Brigade
  Col Jacob B. Sweitzer
3rd Brigade
  Col Strong Vincent (mw)
  Col James C. Rice
Second Division

    BG Romeyn B. Ayres
1st Brigade
  Col Hannibal Day
  • 3rd United States (Companies B, C, E, G, I and K): Cpt Henry W. Freedley (w), Cpt Richard G. Lay
  • 4th United States (Companies C, F, H and K): Cpt Julius W. Adams, Jr.
  • 6th United States (Companies D, F, G, H and I): Cpt Levi C. Bootes (w)
  • 12th United States (Companies A, B, C, D and G, 1st Battalion and Companies A, C and D, 2nd Battalion): Cpt Thomas S. Dunn
  • 14th United States (Companies A, B, D, E, F and G, 1st Battalion and Companies F and G, 2nd Battalion): Maj Grotius R. Giddings
2nd Brigade
  Col Sidney Burbank
3rd Brigade
  BG Stephen H. Weed (k)
  Col Kenner Garrard
Third Division[26]

    BG Samuel W. Crawford
1st Brigade
  Col William McCandless
3rd Brigade
  Col Joseph W. Fisher
Artillery Brigade
  Cpt Augustus P. Martin

VI Corps

See main article: VI Corps (Union Army). MG John Sedgwick

General Headquarters:

DivisionBrigadeRegiments and Others
First Division

    BG Horatio G. Wright
1st Brigade
  BG Alfred T. A. Torbert
2nd Brigade
  BG Joseph J. Bartlett[27]
  Col Emory Upton[28]
3rd Brigade
  BG David A. Russell
Provost Guard
Second Division [29]

    BG Albion P. Howe
2nd Brigade
  Col Lewis A. Grant
3rd Brigade
  BG Thomas H. Neill
Third Division

    MG John Newton
    BG Frank Wheaton
1st Brigade
  BG Alexander Shaler
2nd Brigade
  Col Henry L. Eustis
3rd Brigade [30]
  BG Frank Wheaton
  Col David J. Nevin
Artillery Brigade
  Col Charles H. Tompkins

XI Corps

See main article: XI Corps (Union Army). MG Oliver O. Howard[31]
MG Carl Schurz

General Headquarters:

DivisionBrigadeRegiments and Others
First Division

    BG Francis C. Barlow (w&c)
    BG Adelbert Ames
1st Brigade
  Col Leopold von Gilsa
  
2nd Brigade
  BG Adelbert Ames
  Col Andrew L. Harris
Second Division

    BG Adolph von Steinwehr
1st Brigade
  Col Charles R. Coster
2nd Brigade
  Col Orland Smith
Third Division

    MG Carl Schurz
    BG Alexander Schimmelfennig
    MG Carl Schurz
1st Brigade
  BG Alexander Schimmelfennig
  Col George von Amsberg
2nd Brigade
  Col Wladimir Krzyzanowski
Artillery Brigade
  Maj Thomas W. Osborn

XII Corps

See main article: XII Corps (Union Army). MG Henry W. Slocum[32]
BG Alpheus S. Williams

Provost Guard:

DivisionBrigadeRegiments and Others
First Division

    BG Alpheus S. Williams
    BG Thomas H. Ruger
1st Brigade
  Col Archibald L. McDougall
3rd Brigade
  BG Thomas H. Ruger
  Col Silas Colgrove
Second Division

    BG John W. Geary
1st Brigade
  Col Charles Candy
2nd Brigade
  Col George A. Cobham, Jr.
  BG Thomas L. Kane[33]
  
3rd Brigade
  BG George S. Greene (w)
Reporting directlyLockwood's Brigade [34]
  BG Henry H. Lockwood
Artillery Brigade
  Lt Edward D. Muhlenberg

Cavalry Corps

See main article: Cavalry Corps (Union Army). MG Alfred Pleasonton

Headquarter Guards:

DivisionBrigadeRegiments and Others
First Division


    BG John Buford

1st Brigade
  Col William Gamble
2nd Brigade
  Col Thomas Devin
Reserve Brigade
  BG Wesley Merritt
Second Division [35]


    BG David McMurtrie Gregg

1st Brigade
  Col John B. McIntosh
3rd Brigade
  Col John Irvin Gregg
Third Division


    BG Judson Kilpatrick

1st Brigade
  BG Elon J. Farnsworth (k)
  Col Nathaniel P. Richmond
2nd Brigade
  BG George A. Custer
Horse Artillery1st Brigade
  Cpt James M. Robertson
2nd Brigade [38]
  Cpt John C. Tidball

Artillery Reserve

BG Robert O. Tyler
Cpt James M. Robertson

Headquarter Guard:

BrigadeBatteries
1st Regular Brigade
  Cpt Dunbar R. Ransom (w)
1st Volunteer Brigade
  Ltc Freeman McGilvery
2nd Volunteer Brigade
  Cpt Elijah D. Taft
3rd Volunteer Brigade
  Cpt James F. Huntington
4th Volunteer Brigade
  Cpt Robert H. Fitzhugh
Train Guard

References

Notes and References

  1. Official Records, Series I, Volume XXVII, Part 1, pages 155-168; Gettysburg National Military Park-Army of the Potomac
  2. Official Records, Series I, Volume XXVII, Part 1, pages 173-187
  3. Official Records, Series I, Volume XXVII, Part 1, pages 5-14
  4. [93rd New York Volunteer Infantry|93rd New York]
  5. detachments from 1st, 2nd, 5th, and 6th Regiments
  6. not engaged. With the exception of the regular battalion, it was July 1, and while at Beaver Dam Creek (Maryland), ordered to Washington D.C., where it arrived July 3.
  7. Major General Reynolds was killed July 1, while in command of the left wing of the army (I, III, and XI Corps and First Division, Cavalry Corps)
  8. Major General Doubleday commanded the Corps July 1, and Major General Newton, who was assigned to that command on the 1st http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar&cc=moawar&idno=waro0045&node=waro0045%3A5&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=467 http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar&cc=moawar&idno=waro0107&node=waro0107%3A6&view=image&seq=1076&size=100, superseded him July 2
  9. transferred, in afternoon of July 1, to the First Brigade
  10. temporarily transferred to the First Brigade
  11. arrived on the evening of July 1 and did not take part on the first day of the battle http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar&cc=moawar&idno=waro0043&node=waro0043%3A8&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=368; 12th Vermont and 15th Vermont were detached as train guard
  12. After the death of General Reynolds, General Hancock was assigned to the command of all troops on the field of battle http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar&cc=moawar&idno=waro0045&node=waro0045%3A5&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=463, relieving General Howard, who had succeeded General Reynolds. General Gibbon, of the Second Division, assumed command of the corps. These assignments terminated on the evening of July 1. Similar changes in commanders occurred during the battle of the 2nd, when General Hancock was put in command of the Third Corps in addition to that of his own. He was wounded on the 3rd, and Brigadier General William Hays http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar&cc=moawar&idno=waro0045&node=waro0045%3A5&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=505 was assigned to the command of the corps.
  13. under the command of General Patrick (Provost Marshal General of the Army) during the battle http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar&cc=moawar&idno=waro0043&node=waro0043%3A8&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=396
  14. Col McKeen was placed in temporary command of the 148th Pennsylvania Infantry because Colonel James Addams Beaver was ill. Col Edward E. Cross believed that Ltc McFarlane was too inexperienced to lead the regiment.
  15. 2nd Company Minnesota Sharpshooters attached
  16. arrested by Hancock on July 2; restored on July 4
  17. http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar&cc=moawar&idno=waro0043&node=waro0043%3A8&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=491 served as Provost Guard during the battle
  18. arrested by Hancock; released July 3 upon application by Hays and MacDougall
  19. Transferred from Artillery Reserve, July 1; 14th New York Battery attached
  20. http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar;cc=moawar;idno=waro0043;node=waro0043%3A8;frm=frameset;view=image;seq=519;page=root;size=100 relieved on July 3
  21. http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar;cc=moawar;idno=waro0043;node=waro0043%3A8;frm=frameset;view=image;seq=523;page=root;size=100 also commanded 141st Pennsylvania
  22. Cpt Fritz commanded the regiment after Maj Moore was wounded; Maj Moore returned to command on July 3
  23. The 84th Pennsylvania guarded the corps trains, and was not engaged in the battle.
  24. on picket duty on July 2; rejoined brigade after the fighting of the second day of the battle had ceased http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar;cc=moawar;idno=waro0043;node=waro0043%3A8;frm=frameset;view=image;seq=632;page=root;size=100
  25. [Michigan Sharpshoor Units of the American Civil War#Brady's Independent Company Michigan Volunteer Sharpshooters|Brady's Company Michigan Sharpshooters]
  26. joined corps June 28. The Second Brigade left in the Department of Washington
  27. Also in command of the Third Brigade, Third Division, on July 3,
  28. http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar&cc=moawar&idno=waro0043&node=waro0043%3A8&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=693 Upton commanded the Brigade for part of time on July 1
  29. no First Brigade in division
  30. The 102nd Pennsylvania Infantry guarded the wagon trains at Westminster, and was not engaged in the battle. However, a detachment of 103 men commanded by Lt Robert W. Lyon was sent as a guard with a supply train and placed on defensive line north of Round Top.
  31. During the interval between the death of General Reynolds and the arrival of General Hancock on the afternoon of July 1, all the troops on the field of battle were commanded by General Howard, General Schurz taking command of the Eleventh Corps, and General Schimmelfennig of the Third Division
  32. Exercised command of the right wing of the army during a part of the battle. But see Slocum to Meade, December 30, 1863 and Meade to Slocum, February 25, 1864
  33. Kane returned to the army at Gettysburg on July 2, but he had to share command with Cobham on account of sickness http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar;cc=moawar;idno=waro0043;node=waro0043%3A8;frm=frameset;view=image;seq=868;page=root;size=100
  34. Unassigned during progress of battle; afterward attached to First Division, as Second Brigade. The command theretofore known as the Second Brigade had previously been consolidated with the First Brigade
  35. The Second Brigade (2nd and 4th New York Cavalry, 6th Ohio Cavalry, and 8th Pennsylvania Cavalry) under Colonel Pennock Huey was at Westminster, and not engaged in the battle
  36. Served with VI Corps, and on the right flank.
  37. Served as light artillery.
  38. Battery C, 3rd United States was with the Second Brigade, Second Division and not engaged in the Battle
  39. 10th New York Battery attached
  40. not engaged
  41. [11th New York Light Artillery|11th New York Battery]