Manowar Explained

Manowar
Landscape:yes
Origin:Auburn, New York, U.S.
Years Active:1980–present
Label:Magic Circle, Atco, Atlantic, Geffen
Associated Acts:HolyHell, Rhapsody of Fire, The Dictators, David Shankle Group, The Rods, Brain Surgeons, Christopher Lee
Current Members:Joey DeMaio
Eric Adams
Dave Chedrick
Michael Angelo Batio
Past Members:Carl Canedy
Ross the Boss Friedman
Donnie Hamzik
Scott Columbus
David Shankle
Kenny Earl Edwards
Karl Logan
Anders Johansson
E. V. Martel

Manowar is an American heavy metal[1] band from Auburn, New York. Formed in 1980, the group is known for lyrics based on fantasy (particularly sword and sorcery) and mythology (particularly Norse mythology and Greco-Roman mythology), as well as numerous songs celebrating the genre and its core audience. The band is also known for a loud and emphatic sound. In an interview for MTV in February 2007, bassist Joey DeMaio lamented that "these days, there's a real lack of big, epic metal that is drenched with crushing guitars and choirs and orchestras... so it's nice to be one of the few bands that's actually doing that".[2] In 1984, the band was included in the Guinness Book of World Records for delivering the loudest performance, a record which they have since broken on two occasions.[3] They also hold the world record for the longest heavy metal concert after playing for five hours and 1 minute in Bulgaria (at Kavarna Rock Fest) in 2008.[4] [5] They also have been known for their slogan "Death to false metal".[6] [7]

Biography

Origins (1980–1981)

Manowar's history began in 1980 when Joey DeMaio, the future bassist of the band, met guitarist Ross the Boss while working as a bass tech and fireworks manager for Black Sabbath on the Heaven & Hell Tour.[8] Ross the Boss, a former member of the punk rock band the Dictators, was the guitar player in Black Sabbath's support band, Shakin' Street. The two bonded over their shared musical interests, became friends and decided to form a band with the suggestion and advice of Ronnie James Dio during the tour.At the end of the tour with Black Sabbath, the duo got together to form Manowar.[9] To complete the roster, they hired drummer Donnie Hamzik and singer Eric Adams, a former classmate and friend of DeMaio. The name Manowar was suggested to Joey DeMaio and Ross the Boss by their instrument designer, John "Dawk" Stillwell.[10]

Battle Hymns (1981–1982)

On the strength of their debut demo, Manowar secured a recording contract with label Liberty Records in 1981. The label pressured the band to produce a good number of songs in a short time towards a debut album. The resultant album, Battle Hymns, was released the following year. The legendary actor and director Orson Welles served in the role of narrator on "Dark Avenger".[11]

Soon after the album's release, Manowar engaged in their first tour. The band played support for hard rocker Ted Nugent, but their collaboration lasted only a few months. Manowar then decided to put together a short tour by themselves and all the arrangements were made in a few weeks by their manager. Despite these setbacks, the band gained domestic fame on this short tour and also began to get their first European fans, particularly in the United Kingdom and in Germany. Stressed from the strain of the continuing performances, Hamzik decided to leave the band at the end of this tour and was replaced with Scott Columbus.

Into Glory Ride and mainstream success (1983–1988)

By 1983, the band left Liberty Records and struck a deal with Megaforce Records in the US and Music for Nations in Europe—signing the contract in their own blood, to make a stance against the music industry they felt slighted by.[12] The signing was a cover story in the 1983 July–August issue No. 47 of Kerrang!.[13]

When Manowar returned home, they immediately went into a recording studio to produce what, in the intentions of the group, would have been a simple EP, but came out instead, due to the quantity and quality of the tracks made in that period, as the band's second album, Into Glory Ride. An EP was actually published in 1983 with the title Defender containing, as its main track, the eponymous song, which included more work by Orson Welles. The atmosphere of the album evoked classical heroic fantasy and mythology, and served as a predecessor to Viking metal. It contained several innovative features, both in style and sound, and led to a huge increase in the number of fans of the group, particularly in the United Kingdom, where the band planned a long tour that was ultimately canceled. The song "Defender" was later re-recorded and included in the Fighting the World album of 1987.

To apologize for the failure of their UK tour, Manowar decided to dedicate their next album to the United Kingdom. The album, Hail to England, was recorded and mixed in just six days and was released in early 1984.

Manowar soon returned to work in the recording studio. After leaving Music for Nations, the quartet released Sign of the Hammer ten months after their previous album.

Following further disagreements with their new label, the group changed record label to Atlantic Records in 1987. Via Atlantic, they released Fighting the World, which enjoyed more extensive distribution and increased the band's prominence in the international heavy metal scene. Album art was designed by Ken Kelly.[14] [15]

In 1988, Manowar released the album Kings of Metal, which is the band's best known work. Songs like "Heart of Steel", "Kings of Metal" and "Hail and Kill" are performed regularly in concerts. Kings of Metal is Manowar's highest-selling album worldwide.

Manowar embarked on a world tour, for a period of approximately three years, with stops in almost all European nations. During that tour, Joey DeMaio "fired" Ross the Boss. According to a 2008 interview with the guitarist, "Joey felt that Manowar would be better without me".[16] He was replaced by David Shankle, who was chosen by members of the band after a search among about 150 candidates. Scott Columbus later also decided to leave the band during the Kings of Metal tour. Columbus himself picked his replacement Kenny Earl Edwards (soon nicknamed 'Rhino').

New albums, first video, and live publications (1992–2002)

A new musical unit after the recent changes, Manowar released The Triumph of Steel in 1992. It gained some success and was particularly famous for the presence of a suite lasting no less than 28 minutes entitled "Achilles, Agony and Ecstasy in Eight Parts", inspired by the events of the Iliad and the hero Achilles. After this release, the band went on a world tour for two years. After the expiration of their contract with Atlantic, the band signed with Geffen Records. In 1994, Shankle unexpectedly left the band to form his own group. He was replaced by Karl Logan, a musician met by DeMaio during a motor meeting.[17] The same year saw the unexpected return of Scott Columbus, who replaced Edwards.

In 1996, they released Louder Than Hell, their first new studio album in four years. Despite good sales the album was criticized for its simple style.

Despite such criticisms, Manowar released a new collection, called Anthology, and their first live album, Hell on Wheels, released by BMG International in the guise of a double CD containing all the most popular songs of the group. Not having the time to record a new studio album because of the ongoing promotional tour, Manowar released a second live album, Hell on Stage.

Warriors of the World, Hell on Earth, and Magic Circle Music (2002–2005)

In 2002, six years after the last studio album, Manowar released the Warriors of the World album. Warriors of the World presented a sound somewhat renewed in style, but maintained the usual energy and power. The most famous tracks from the album became "Warriors of the World United", "House of Death" and "Call to Arms", in addition to Puccini's aria "Nessun Dorma", covered in honor of the Italian fans and sung live for the first time in a concert in Milan, Italy.

Manowar then began a long world tour, called "Warriors of the World United Tour" that kept them busy and away from a recording studio for a long time. To compensate for the lack of studio albums, the band released several DVDs: in 2002 the video Fire and Blood, in 2003 Hell on Earth Part III and in 2005 Hell on Earth Part IV. These (and all DVDs since the year 2000) were directed by Neil Johnson, and have all been certified Gold in Germany.

In 2003, DeMaio founded his own record label, Magic Circle Music, which became the official home of the band, having been created to fit the needs of Manowar, and other bands of similar genre. Under the label Magic Circle were also released the EP The Sons of Odin with footage taken during the Earthshaker Fest 2005.

Gods of War and Thunder in the Sky (2006–2009)

Manowar released Gods of War through Magic Circle Music in 2007. After playing numerous shows in Europe, including a concert that spanned the course of two nights, they worked on a new EP, entitled Thunder in the Sky, which was released in 2009. The EP consisted of two discs: the first playing the regular track list; the second playing the song "Father" in fifteen different languages.

Scott Columbus' death, Battle Hymns MMXI, and The Lord of Steel (2010–2013)

On June 1, 2010, Classic Rock magazine published an interview with drummer Scott Columbus who said that he had not worked with the band since April 2008 and had left the band. He also said that statements made in the past, regarding his break in 1990 and 2008 because of an illness and a personal tragedy, were largely untrue and were made without his agreement.[18] On October 15, 2010, Joey DeMaio announced on Facebook that Hamzik was officially a member of Manowar again after a 26-year absence.

On April 4, 2011, Columbus died at the age of 54.[19] On April 5, 2020, Columbus' daughter Teresa publicly announced that her father's cause of death was suicide, and urged for more awareness on mental illness and depression.[20]

Manowar's subsequent release was a re-recording of their 1982 debut album Battle Hymns. This album was released on November 26, 2010, with the narration of Sir Christopher Lee and formally entitled Battle Hymns MMXI. On July 21, 2011, the band embarked on a UK tour for the first time in 16 years in November and performed the Battle Hymns album in its entirety.

Manowar's next studio album, The Lord of Steel, was released worldwide on June 16, 2012, exclusively on iTunes and on the band's own online store.[21] The album sees a reversion from the symphonic elements present on the Gods of War album back to a more straightforward, heavy metal sound. The song "El Gringo" is featured in the soundtrack to the film of the same name.

After the Lord of Steel tour was over in 2013, Manowar released a live EP, titled The Lord of Steel Live, which included six live tracks recorded during the tour.

Kings of Metal MMXIV (2013–2014)

On July 28, 2013, Manowar announced that they would be re-recording their 1988 release Kings of Metal with an expected release date of late 2013. Brian Blessed recorded his narration for the track "The Warrior's Prayer" at Circle (Recording) Studios in Birmingham, England. Like the re-recording of Battle Hymns MMXI, this album allowed the band to use modern day technology.

Kings of Metal MMXIV was released through iTunes as a digital download on February 4, 2014. Hard copies of the album were released on February 28.

The embarked on a world tour in support of the album in 2014.[22]

Upcoming twelfth studio album, Logan's arrest, and continued touring (2015–present)

On May 22, 2015, Manowar announced that they were currently working on a new studio album that was set to be released in early 2016.[23] This album was not released, and instead they went to Europe in early 2016 for the "Gods and Kings World Tour 2016" which included their first concerts in Slovakia, Latvia and Belarus.

On May 25, 2016, the band announced that they would embark on their next world tour dubbed "The Final Battle".[24] They would later recruit drummer Marcus Castellani from the tribute band Kings of Steel as their drummer for the tour.[25]

On October 25, 2018, it was revealed that guitarist Karl Logan was arrested on August 9 in Charlotte, North Carolina, for allegedly possessing child pornography and was charged with six counts of third-degree exploitation of a minor.[26] Manowar issued a statement shortly after saying that Logan would not perform with them. They then said that their upcoming album and tour would not be affected.[27] Following Logan's arrest, former guitarist David Shankle expressed interest in rejoining the band.[28]

On January 1, 2019, Manowar announced that guitarist E. V. Martel would join them on their tour.[29] On March 22, 2019, the band announced that they would release a trilogy of EP's based upon The Final Battle World Tour. The first EP, The Final Battle I, was released on March 29 in an exclusive pre-sale at the merchandise booth in Frankfurt and also during the European shows. It was then released on iTunes worldwide that day. The EP was digitally and physically released on May 30.[30] Former HammerFall and Yngwie Malmsteen drummer Anders Johansson was announced as the new live drummer shortly after and made his debut at the March 25 show in Brno.[31] Despite the tour's name, bassist Joey DeMaio dismissed any claims of Manowar's retirement, mainly due to the fans' demands to have them continue to perform.[32]

In June 2019, the band's appearance at Hellfest was cancelled for undisclosed reasons. Fans who were to attend the show expressed their disappointment towards their cancellation.[33] Manowar stepped in and said that they did not cancel their performance, but that it was the festival's organizers who cancelled their appearance in an announcement that appeared on their website.[34] Swedish band Sabaton replaced Manowar in the lineup. Joey DeMaio later said that the band filed a lawsuit against the Hellfest organizers.[35]

In May 2020, Manowar announced that they would embark on a tour, beginning in April 2021 in Europe, to celebrate their 40th anniversary.[36] However, the band did not tour in 2020 and 2021.[37]

On June 4, 2022, the day of the first show of their 2022/23 tour,[38] it was announced drummer Anders Johansson could not perform with the band on their upcoming "Crushing The Enemies of Metal Anniversary Tour '22/'23" due to family commitments, and was replaced by Dave Chedrick for the tour.[39] On September 2, 2022, following the announcement by guitarist E. V. Martel that he would not be available for touring next year, the band announced Michael Angelo Batio as their touring guitarist for their upcoming 2023 "Crushing The Enemies Of Metal" Anniversary Tour.[40]

Band members

Current members
Former members
Former live members

Timeline

The Faceless Warrior

The Faceless Warrior, also known as the King of Metal, is the band's mascot. The character first appeared in 1988 on the cover of the album Kings Of Metal, and has since appeared in the cover artwork of almost every following Manowar album, as well as on merchandise and in almost every Manowar live show to follow.[41]

In a May 2002 interview with Metal-Rules.com, vocalist Eric Adams was asked, "Who is that guy in your album cover? Do you have any name for him?". He replied, "No because he is you, he is her, he is this person he is that person and so on. He has no face and that was in [sic] purpose because everyone needs a heroes [sic] in their life and our music is all about heroes and you know being the leader not the follower. It's picture [sic] of hero and you being that hero is that what it is all about. So there is no real name for it. It's a fantasy world man. Put your face there are you are the hero!"[42]

The Sign of the Hammer

"The Sign of the Hammer" is a cultural gesture developed in the early years of the band, after the release of their fourth album of the same name, and serves as a signature of the band: It is formed by raising the right fist above the head, while using the left hand to grab the back of the right wrist.[43] The sign is most likely to have been shaped from the vocalist Eric Adams. The Media Company "Heilbronner Stimme" published an article describing the Sign of the Hammer as, "the striking greeting. A gesture that unites. A gesture that fits the pathos of the self-proclaimed Kings of Metal. A gesture that has become the trademark of the group founded in 1980".[44]

The first official appearance of the gesture was on the front cover of the band's fifth album, Fighting the World, where vocalist Eric Adams is shown making the gesture in a drawing of the band members.[45] The gesture then appeared in the official music video for Blow Your Speakers, shown being made by the band members and crowd during a concert, as well as in the full cover art of the album The Triumph of Steel.[46] Since then, the sign has been featured in almost every official music video of the band.

Awards

Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards|-| 2012 || Joey DeMaio || The Golden God ||

Discography

See main article: Manowar discography.

Demo albums
Studio albums

Legacy and influence on other artists and the genre

Manowar have a very important place in the history and evolution of heavy metal music[47] and are a significant influence in the heavy metal genre especially on subgenres such as: power metal, epic/ symphonic/ melodic metal, viking metal, war metal, pagan metal, folk metal, doom metal, gothic metal and death metal[48] and "on every power metal band to emerge in the past 25 years".[49] "Manowar's influence in the rock music industry is undeniable, they have left their mark in the heavy metal genre thanks to a combination of unique craftsmanship and characteristic songwriting".[50] Manowar has influenced a huge amount of Heavy Metal bands and artists around the world, such as: Sabaton,[51] [52] Burning Witches,[53] [54] Rhapsody of Fire,[55] Brothers of Metal,[56] [57] Warkings[58] [59] Amon Amarth[60] Battle Beast,[61] [62] [63] Beast in Black,[64] [65] Death,[66] [67] Elvenking,[68] [69] Symphony X,[70] Firewind,[71] [72] Abbath[73] Battleroar,[74] [75] Exmortus,[76] [77] Hammer King,[78] [79] Jack Starr's Burning Starr,[80] Battle Born, Rocka Rollas,[81] Týr,[82] Warrior Path,[83] Wotan,[84] [85] Wizard,[86] HammerFall,[87] Van Canto,[88] [89] Ensiferum,[90] Avatar,[91] [92] Trivium,[93] Majesty,[94] Angra,[95] Eternal Champion,[96] Evertale,[97] Death Dealer,[98] Burning Point,[99] Crystal Viper,[100] Sacred Outcry,[101] Imperial Age,[102] [103] Therion,[104] [105] Hercules,[106] Lost Horizon,[107] Visigoth,[108] Atlantean Kodex,[109] Vhäldemar,[110] Grand Magus,[111] HolyHell,[112] Skelator,[113] Doomsword,[114] Ironsword,[115] Metal Law,[116] Orden Ogan[117] [118] Pegazus,[119] Battlerage,[120] Hellish War,[121] Holy Martyr,[122] Grey Wolf,[123] Moonspell[124] Cryonic Temple,[125] Runelord, Iron Kobra,[126] Trick or Treat[127] Hürlement,[128] Assedium, Wrathblade,[129] Rosae Crucis,[130] Validor,[131] Stormburner,[132] Hysterica,[133] Stormwarrior,[134] Skullview,[135] Steelpreacher,[136] Kramp,[137] Mike Lepond's Silent Assassins,[138] Axe Steeler,[139] Paladine,[140] Vanlade,[141] Claymorean,[142] Arch Enemy,[143] Korpiklaani,[144] Marius Danielsen,[145] Seven Witches,[146] Adramelch,[147] Steel Attack,[148] Stormwarrior,[149] Aktarum,[150] Atramentus,[151] Derdian,[152] Dread Sovereign,[153] White Skull,[154] Heathen Foray,[155] High Reeper& Hippie Death Cult,[156] Ironflame,[157] Khemmis,[158] [159] Nocturnal,[160] Seven Kingdom,[161] Silver Bullet,[162] Vanir,[163] Veonity,[164] Winter's Verge,[165] Winterhymn,[166] Wintersun,[167] Falconer,[168] Children of Bodom[169] [170] Destroy Destroy Destroy[171] Holy Dragons[172] Arryan Path,[173] Guardians of Time,[174] Sons of Apollo,[175] Sound Storm,[176] Sulphur Aeon,[177] Unleash the Archers[178] Wolfthooth,[179] [180] Crom[181] , Coronatus[182] Perpetual Etude[183] Brainstorm[184] Untamed Land[185] Feuerschwanz[186] [187] Immortal,[188] Satanic Warmaster, Barathrum and many more.

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Heavy Metal Case Study #1: Manowar by Ernest Hilbert. Ryeberg Curated Video. July 12, 2009.
  2. Web site: Harris . Chris . MTV interview, February 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070304210844/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1552016/20070208/manowar.jhtml . dead . March 4, 2007 . Mtv.com . February 9, 2007 . October 10, 2011.
  3. Web site: who-loudest-band. Ultimateclassicrock. May 31, 2016 .
  4. Web site: Manowar Attempts To Break Guinness Record With Five-Hour Concert . Roadrunnerrecords.com . July 6, 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080812230851/http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=100401 . August 12, 2008 .
  5. Web site: Manowar Play Longest Show Ever . Sputnikmusic.com . July 6, 2011.
  6. Web site: Wong . David . Manowar . Cracked.com . November 15, 2012.
  7. Web site: Me . Tbns.net . November 15, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121127233323/http://www.tbns.net/manowar/me.html . November 27, 2012 . dead .
  8. Web site: Curiosità | blackbloodysabbath.it . December 24, 2009 . dead . https://archive.today/20071227102841/http://www.blackbloodysabbath.it/curiosita/Page-4.html . December 27, 2007 .
  9. Web site: Manowar - Where to Start with . Kerrang . July 8, 2008 . July 6, 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110629150216/https://www.kerrang.com/wheretostartwith/artists/manowar . June 29, 2011 .
  10. Web site: September 13, 2021. Intervista Ross The Boss (Ross "The Boss" Friedman) - It was said in an interview that they named the band after the Great Horse! -truemetal.it. September 13, 2021. True Metal. it-IT.
  11. Web site: Rivadavia . Eduardo . [{{AllMusic|class=album |id=r12378 |pure_url=yes}} Battle Hymns - Manowar ]. . July 6, 2011.
  12. Web site: Manowar Biography. Concerty.com.
  13. Male Orientated Rock . . July 28, 1983 . Bonutto . Dante . 47 . May 1, 2016 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110141/http://www.gillyon.com/manowar_k47.htm . March 4, 2016 .
  14. News: Mark . Voger . Criss eager to meet television idol Zacherley . . 6E . October 22, 2006.
  15. News: Manowar truck to make its debut in Austria this weekend . Austria Today . September 8, 2006.
  16. Web site: Interviews - Ross The Boss . Rockpages.gr . July 6, 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110927211614/https://www.rockpages.gr/detailspage.aspx?id=2400&type=1&lang=EN . September 27, 2011 .
  17. Web site: Remember when Manowar's Karl Logan was in a hair metal band? . Uricheck . Mark . May 17, 2017 . Metalinsider.net . en-US . September 12, 2017.
  18. Web site: Scott Columbus: Why I Left Manowar | Features, News, Top Posts . Classic Rock . November 15, 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121119023918/https://www.classicrockmagazine.com/news/scott-columbus-why-i-left-manowar/ . November 19, 2012 .
  19. Web site: Former Manowar Drummer Scott Columbus Dead At 54 . Roadrunnerrecords.com . July 6, 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110823131839/http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=156340 . August 23, 2011 .
  20. Web site: Remembering Scott Columbus Facebook Page . . April 21, 2020 .
  21. Web site: The web community dedicated to the first interactive fantasy adventure by Manowar and Wolfgang Hohlbein! . Asgard-saga.com . July 6, 2011.
  22. News: Kings of metal 2014. Blabbermouth.net. December 20, 2013.
  23. Web site: Manowar Confirm Ken Kelly Has Started Working On New Manowar Album Artwork . Manowar.com . May 22, 2015.
  24. MANOWAR ANNOUNCE 'THE FINAL BATTLE' FAREWELL TOUR. Joe. Divita. May 25, 2016. Loudwire. May 25, 2016.
  25. News: MANOWAR Recruits Drummer From Brazilian Tribute Band KINGS OF STEEL For 'Final Battle' Tour. Blabbermouth.net. November 16, 2017.
  26. Web site: Manowar Guitarist Karl Logan Arrested on Child Pornography Charges. October 25, 2018. The Blast. October 25, 2018.
  27. News: MANOWAR Comments On KARL LOGAN's Arrest, Says Guitarist Will Not Perform With Band. Blabbermouth.net. October 26, 2018.
  28. News: Former MANOWAR Guitarist DAVID SHANKLE Would Be 'Happy' To Return To Band. Blabbermouth.net. October 27, 2018.
  29. News: MANOWAR Recruits Guitarist E. V. MARTEL For Upcoming Tour. Blabbermouth.net. January 1, 2019.
  30. Web site: Manowar - Announce Release Of 'The Final Battle I' EP - Metal Storm. Metalstorm.net.
  31. News: MANOWAR Recruits Former HAMMERFALL Drummer ANDERS JOHANSSON. Blabbermouth.net. March 27, 2019.
  32. News: JOEY DEMAIO: 'We Never Announced The End Of MANOWAR'. Blabbermouth.net. May 2, 2019.
  33. Web site: Manowar cancel Hellfest headline set at the last minute. Munro, Scott. June 21, 2019. Louder Sound. June 21, 2019.
  34. Web site: MANOWAR: 'Our Performance At HELLFEST Was NOT Cancelled By The Band'. Blabbermouth.net. June 24, 2019. June 24, 2019.
  35. Web site: JOEY DEMAIO Says MANOWAR Has Filed A Lawsuit Against HELLFEST Organizers: 'We Don't Take S**t From Anybody'. Blabbermouth.net. July 20, 2019. July 20, 2019.
  36. Web site: MANOWAR To Embark On 40th-Anniversary Tour In 2021. Blabbermouth.net. May 29, 2020. May 29, 2020.
  37. Web site: Manowar Tour Statistics: 2020 setlist.fm . 2022-07-20 . www.setlist.fm.
  38. Web site: Search for setlists: tour:(Crushing the Enemies of Metal Anniversary Tour '22/'23) (page 2) setlist.fm . 2022-07-20 . www.setlist.fm.
  39. Web site: MANOWAR Announces New Drummer DAVE CHEDRICK. Blabbermouth.net. June 4, 2022. June 4, 2022.
  40. Web site: MANOWAR Recruits Legendary Guitar Shredder MICHAEL ANGELO BATIO For 2023 Tour . . 3 September 2022 . en . 2 September 2022.
  41. Web site: Official Post- The Faceless Warrior . https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/120910203516/10156719149413517 . 2022-02-26 . limited. Facebook.com. August 1, 2019.
  42. Web site: Interview With Eric Adams of Manowar - A True King of Metal . Metal-rules.com. May 12, 2002.
  43. Web site: Heilbronner Stimme . Heilbronner Stimme . The Loudest band in the world . stimme.de . April 2, 2007 . Heilbronner Stimme . April 2, 2007.
  44. Web site: Heilbronner Stimme . Heilbronner Stimme . The loudest band in the world . stimme.de . April 2, 2007 . Heilbronner Stimme . April 2, 2007.
  45. Web site: Ken Kelly . Manowar art . Ken Kelly Art.com - The Homepage of Fantasy Artist Ken Kelly .
  46. Web site: All Music- Manowar . The Triumph Of Steel . Manowar- Album: The Triumph Of Steel . All Music .
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  49. Web site: MetalSucks. abaton Unveil Cover of Manowar's "Kingdom Come". Sabaton Unveil Cover of Manowar's "Kingdom Come". MetalSucks. July 16, 2021.
  50. Web site: LetSingit. Overview Manowar. LetSingit- Overview Manowar. LetSingit.
  51. Web site: Metalhead zone. SABATON PAYS RESPECT TO MANOWAR BY COVERING 'KINGDOM COME'. Metalhead zone. July 19, 2021. October 25, 2021. May 1, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230501071917/https://metalheadzone.com/sabaton-pays-respect-to-manowar-by-covering-kingdom-come/. dead.
  52. Web site: Metal Hammer. And on the eighth day Manowar created… power metal. Metal Hammer. June 16, 2020.
  53. Web site: BraveWords. Interview- Burning Witches vocalist. BURNING WITCHES - INTO THE DEVIL'S DOMAIN. BraveWords.
  54. Web site: MetalForces. BURNING WITCHES Release Third Studio Album 'Dance With The Devil. MetalForces- News Burning Witches. MetalForces.
  55. Web site: DarkSide. Interview with Rhapsody Of Fire's guitarist. DarkSide- Interview with Rhapsody Of Fire's guitarist. RussianDarkSideWebzine.
  56. Web site: Lady Obscure. Brothers of metal- Emblas Saga and influences. Brothers of metal- Emblas Saga and influences. Lady Obscure. February 4, 2020.
  57. Web site: The Stalker-magazine. Brothers Of Metal – Prophecy Of Ragnarök. Brothers Of Metal – Prophecy Of Ragnarök. The Stalker-magazine- Brothers Of Metal – Prophecy Of Ragnarök. November 21, 2018 . The Stalker-magazine.
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  64. Web site: Nuclear Blast Label. BANDS BEAST IN BLACK Discography Berserker. Nuclear Blast Label BANDS BEAST IN BLACK Discography Berserker. Nuclear Blast Label.
  65. Web site: Distorted Sound. Beast In Black- interview. Beast In Black: Conquering The Power Metal World. Distorted Sound. November 18, 2019.
  66. Web site: Guitar World. Chuck Schuldiner: Lust for Life. Chuck Schuldiner: Lust for Life. Guitar World. May 13, 2019.
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