Batlejka Explained

Batlejka (Batleyka) is a Belarusian amateur puppet theatre. Its name is derived from the city of Bethlehem[1] and performances are traditionally given over the Christmas period.[2]

It became popular in Belarus in the 16th century[3] but the peak of its popularity falls on the 18-19th centuries. It was largely forgotten during Soviet times but revived in present-day Belarus and within the Belarusian diaspora.[4]

Puppet booth and puppets

Puppets on metal rods are led by a puppeteer hiding behind a wooden booth with doors. The booth has two levels - the upper ‘heavenly’ or ‘canonical’ level and the lower ‘earthly’ or ‘layman’ level.

Puppets were traditionally made of wood and dressed in colourful  miniature clothes.

Plot

Part 1: Nativity

King Herod learns from the Three Kings that the Saviour is born. Considering him a rival, King Herod decides to kill Jesus.

He order a soldier to go to Bethlehem and kill all newly born babies. The soldier obeys the order and kills all babies except a baby of Rachael. Angry Herod orders to kill Rachael's baby too.

Herod pays with his life for these crimes - the Death beheads Herod and his body is taken to Hell by the Devil. The soldier soon follows his master.

Part 2: Folk scenes

This part comprises a number of humorous and satirical episodes involving multiple characters - peasants, tradesmen, aristocracy, etc.

While Part 1 was performed throughout Belarus with little variations, Part 2 varies significantly depending on the geographical region of the performance and the imagination of a particular puppeteer.

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. Этнаграфія Беларусі: Энцыклапедыя / Рэд.: І. П. Шамякін (гал. рэд.) і інш. — Мн.: БелСЭ, 1989.
  2. https://wepa.unima.org/en/belarus/ "Belarus"
  3. Батлейка // Театральная Энциклопедия. — М.
  4. Web site: 10-годдзе беларускай батлейкі ў Лондане. live. 2021-04-03. zbsb.org. be. https://web.archive.org/web/20210507213805/https://zbsb.org/news/abroad/7128/ . 2021-05-07 .